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The UK is having a late summer burst of hot weather – while parts of the Mediterranean have been experiencing a phenomenon known as a “heat dome”, forecasters say.

Temperatures in Britain could soar as high as 32C (90F) this week, as much as 4C (39F) higher than Ibiza.

Here, Sky News looks at what is causing the unusually warm conditions in the UK and elsewhere in Europe – and whether we are set for an official heatwave.

People enjoying the hot weather in St James's Park, central London. Picture date: Monday September 4, 2023.
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People enjoy the hot weather in London’s St James’s Park

What is a heat dome?

A heat dome is loosely defined as an area of high pressure that stays over the same area for days, or even weeks.

Hot air is trapped underneath like a lid on a saucepan, pushing temperatures above what’s normal for the time of year.

The heated air expands upwards into the atmosphere, then high pressure from above acts as a lid, meaning it can’t escape and causes the air to subside or sink – creating a dome effect, the Royal Meteorological Society said.

As the warm air sinks, it compresses and heats up, which then traps more heat underneath and clouds are pushed around it, keeping the heat in even more.

Find out the weather forecast for your area

The Met Office says heat domes encourage temperatures “to keep building day on day”.

However, Sky weather meteorologist Dr Chris England said the phenomenon “doesn’t really apply to the current heat of the UK”.

He said that while a heat dome “has been relevant to some of the Mediterranean heat”, the high pressure affecting the UK “is well to the east”.

“Instead, the flow around the high pressure is generally from the south over the UK, bringing heat up from the Mediterranean and north Africa,” Dr England added.

The Met Office says tropical storms in the far western Atlantic, and deep areas of low pressure, have helped to amplify the jet stream over the Atlantic Ocean and has led to high pressure “dominating over the UK”.

People on the beach at New Brighton. Picture date: Monday September 4, 2023.

Is the UK set for an official heatwave?

The word “heatwave is often used to describe any period of sunny weather, but the Met Office defines it as “an extended period of hot weather relative to the expected conditions of the area at that time of year”.

It says the UK experiences a heatwave when it has at least three consecutive days with daily maximum temperatures meeting or exceeding the heatwave temperature threshold – and this threshold varies by UK county.

Sky weather forecaster Kirsty McCabe said official heatwave conditions “will be met this week as temperatures soar over the next few days with a late blast of summer heat, especially for southern parts of the UK.”

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The peak is likely to occur on Wednesday and Thursday with 31C (88F) or even 32C (90F) possible.

The threshold temperature ranges from 25C (77F) in Scotland and Northern Ireland, to 28C (82F) in London and the Home Counties.

But Ms McCabe said “it’s not just hot weather heading our way, a Saharan dust plume will cross the UK, bringing some spectacular sunrises and sunsets”.

People enjoying the hot weather in St James's Park, central London. Picture date: Monday September 4, 2023.

Hitting 30C in September “used to happen around once every seven years or less, but has occurred more frequently in the last decade,” she said.

Could we have the hottest day of the year this week?

This year’s highest temperature is 32.2C (90F) at Chertsey on 10 June and Coningsby on 25 June.

Ms McCabe said: “There is a chance we could exceed that this week [Wednesday or Thursday].”

The highest September temperature ever recorded in the UK was 35.6C (96F) in South Yorkshire in 1906.

Is this an Indian summer?

According to the Met Office Meteorological Glossary, an Indian summer is a warm, calm spell of weather that occurs in autumn, “especially in October and November.”

There is, the Met Office says, no statistical evidence to suggest that such warm spells recur at any particular time each year – warm spells during the autumn months are not uncommon.

How long will the UK’s hot weather last?

An amber alert is in place for the whole of England except the North East, where a yellow alert is in place.

The alert, issued by the UK Health Security Agency and the Met Office, is in place until 9pm on 10 September.

Temperatures reached 30C on Monday in southern England and the southeast of Wales, according to the Met Office – and the hot weather will continue through Tuesday, with highs of 31C (88F) expected.

People on the beach at New Brighton. Picture date: Monday September 4, 2023.

Met Office spokesperson Oli Claydon said: “We will see good sunny conditions through the week with cloudless skies, and some high temperatures by the time we get to Wednesday and Thursday, where we could see 31 maybe 32 degrees.”

The Met Office said temperatures could also hit 31C (88F) on Friday, although there could be more cloudy weather and chances of rain in the far northwest of Scotland.

But the weather conditions could change over the weekend and Mr Claydon said there is “no indication at the moment of another strong heatwave after this”.

He added: “Through the weekend, we start to see some heavy, potentially thundery, showers developing but (they are) only isolated. There is a little bit of uncertainty as we start to get that far ahead.”

Average temperatures are expected to return by the middle of next week.

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Elderly British couple detained in Afghanistan freed

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She smiled and his eyes filled with emotion - the moment the Reynolds were freed by the Taliban

An elderly British couple who were detained by the Taliban earlier this year have been freed.

Barbie Reynolds, 76, and her husband Peter, 80, were detained by the Taliban’s interior ministry on 1 February as they travelled to their home in Bamyan province, central Afghanistan.

In March, they were moved to a maximum security prison in Kabul where they had been held without charge since.

They were safely released from detention on Friday and flown to Doha following mediation led by Qatar.

Peter Reynolds was visited by Qatari diplomats last month
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Peter Reynolds was visited by Qatari diplomats last month

Sky Correspondent Cordelia Lynch was at Kabul Airport as the freed couple arrived and departed.

Mr Reynolds told her: “We are just very thankful.”

His wife added: “We’ve been treated very well. We’re looking forward to seeing our children.

“We are looking forward to returning to Afghanistan if we can. We are Afghan citizens.”

Asked by Lynch if they had a message for family and friends, Mrs Reynolds replied: “My message is God is good, as they say in Afghanistan.”

Peter and Barbie Reynolds after their release
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Peter and Barbie Reynolds after their release

Qatari and British diplomats with Barbie and Peter Reynolds on the flight to Doha
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Qatari and British diplomats with Barbie and Peter Reynolds on the flight to Doha

Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer welcomed the news in a statement thanking Qatar.

“I welcome the release of Peter and Barbara Reynolds from detention in Afghanistan, and I know this long-awaited news will come as a huge relief to them and their family,” he said.

“I want to pay tribute to the vital role played by Qatar, including The Amir, His Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al Thani, in securing their freedom.”

Richard Lindsay, the UK’s special envoy to Afghanistan, told Lynch it remained “unclear” on what grounds the couple had been detained.

He said they were “very relieved to be going home and delighted to be reunited with their family”.

Asked about the state of their health, he said: “I am not a doctor, but they are very happy.”

He added the British government’s travel advice to the country was clear. “We advise British nationals not to travel to Afghanistan. That remains the case and will remain the case,” he said.

Abdul Qahar Balkhi, a spokesperson at the Taliban government’s foreign ministry, said in a statement posted on X that the couple “violated Afghan law” and were released from prison after a court hearing.

He did not say what law the couple were alleged to have broken.

Pic: Sarah Entwistle
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Pic: Sarah Entwistle

Pic: Reynolds family
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Pic: Reynolds family

Qatar, the energy-rich nation on the Arabian Peninsula that mediated talks between the US and the Taliban before the American withdrawal, helped in releasing the Reynolds.

Mirdef Ali Al-Qashouti, acting charge d’affaires at the Qatar Embassy in Kabul, told Lynch that Qatari officials ensured the couple were kept in “comfortable” conditions during talks.

He told Lynch the Reynolds’ release was because of “continuous efforts by my government to keep our policy in helping releasing hostages and our mediation and diplomacy”.

“Throughout their eight months in detention – during which they were largely held separately – the Qatari embassy in Kabul provided them with critical support, including access to their doctor, delivery of medication, and regular communication with their family,” a Qatari official told Reuters news agency.

Hamish Falconer, minister for the Middle East, Afghanistan and Pakistan, said in a statement: “The UK has worked intensively since their detention and has supported the family throughout.

“Qatar played an essential role in this case, for which I am hugely grateful.”

The couple have lived in Afghanistan for 18 years and run an organisation called Rebuild, which provides education and training programmes.

They have been together since the 1960s and married in the Afghan capital in 1970.

Read more from Sky News:
Afghans relocated to UK ‘exaggerating’ Taliban threat

Pic: Reynolds family
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Pic: Reynolds family

Pic: Reynolds family
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Pic: Reynolds family


Their son, Jonathan, told Sky News in April his parents had “never heard one accusation or one charge”.

He said the British government had offered to evacuate them when the Taliban took over, to which they replied: “Why would we leave these people in their darkest hour?”

Mr and Mrs Reynolds are now on their way home, where they will be reunited with their family.

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Trump tells PM how to stop small boats and makes Putin admission – but saves harshest words for Sadiq Khan

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Trump tells PM how to stop small boats and makes Putin admission - but saves harshest words for Sadiq Khan

Donald Trump has told Sir Keir Starmer he should use the military to stop migrants crossing the Channel.

The US president made the suggestion while stood alongside the prime minister for a typically wide-ranging news conference on Thursday afternoon, bringing his state visit to Britain to an end.

Catch up on updates from Trump’s state visit

Speaking at Chequers, Sir Keir‘s country retreat, Mr Trump warned illegal migration is “going to destroy […] countries from within” and said “it doesn’t matter if you call out the military” to deal with small boats.

He talked up his own record of stopping people crossing the US-Mexico border.

Sir Keir instead pointed to his government’s migrant return deal with France, with the first deportation of a man who arrived via small boat taking place on Thursday morning.

Further flights are scheduled to take place this week and next, starting Friday, while exchange arrivals to Britain via the legal route agreed with the French are due in the coming days.

More on Donald Trump

Mr Trump also used the news conference to admit Vladimir Putin “has really let me down”, having stepped up his attacks against Ukraine since the two men held a peace summit in Alaska last month.

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Trump: ‘Putin has let me down’

But asked by Sky News’ political editor Beth Rigby if it was a mistake to invite Mr Putin and if he regrets it, the president replied: “No.”

It’s the “biggest disappointment” of his presidency that he hasn’t managed to end the war, Mr Trump admitted.

He said he thought it would be the “easiest” to solve because of his relationship with Mr Putin.

Sir Keir said the Russian president has “shown his true face”, and more “pressure” is required to make him stop.

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Rigby to Trump: Was Putin’s Alaska invite a mistake?

Trump reignites war of words with Khan

While disappointed with Mr Putin, Mr Trump spared his harshest rhetoric for Sir Keir’s friend Sadiq Khan.

Speaking on Air Force One on his way back to the US, where he touched down in the early hours of Friday, he said he asked for the London mayor to be banned from attending the state banquet at Windsor Castle on Wednesday.

“I didn’t want him there,” the president said. “I asked that he not be there.”

He claimed Sir Sadiq had wanted to be at the event, adding: “I think the mayor of London Khan is among the worst mayors in the world, and we have some bad ones.”

Sky News understands the mayor didn’t seek or expect an invitation. A source close to Sir Sadiq said the capital is a “global success story” and “record numbers of Americans are choosing to make London their home”.

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Will both sides be happy with Trump’s state visit?

The Trump-Starmer news conference also covered the war in Gaza, the sacking of Lord Mandelson as Britain’s US ambassador, energy policy, and a newly signed UK-US tech deal.

Speaking about the situation in Gaza, Mr Trump said: “Simply I want all hostages to be released now.”

He said he disagreed with the UK’s plan to recognise a Palestinian state at the UN within days, should Israel not improve the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

Trump claims not to know Mandelson

Also asked by Beth Rigby if he has sympathy with Lord Mandelson, who was sacked by Sir Keir over past links to paedophile financier Jeffrey Epstein, the president simply said: “I don’t know him.”

That’s despite the president being pictured shaking hands with the Labour peer in the Oval Office after announcing a trade deal with the UK back in May.

There had been concerns that the Epstein issue could cast a shadow on the president’s second state visit to the UK, not least because Mr Trump was also close to Epstein, although they fell out before his conviction in 2009.

Read more:
Trump historic state visit – second day in pictures
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Lord Mandelson pictured with President Trump in the Oval Office in May. Pic: Reuters
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Lord Mandelson pictured with President Trump in the Oval Office in May. Pic: Reuters

Pic: AP
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Pic: AP

Energy policy

Mr Trump urged Sir Keir to exploit the UK’s North Sea oil and gas resources, dismissing wind power as a “very expensive joke”.

The UK government has ruled out new oil and gas licences in the North Sea, focusing on renewables and building nuclear power stations.

Despite their differences, Mr Trump said the bond between the US and Britain is like no other, and he described the prime minister as a “tough negotiator”.

The pair signed a technology prosperity deal, offering major investment by US tech firms in the UK, that will help to develop artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities.

Sir Keir also hailed the prospect of £150bn flowing into the UK from big US companies such as Palantir and Blackstone, part of a wider £250bn package that officials say will benefit both sides.

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Kimmel was ‘fired for bad ratings’, says US president

Jimmy Kimmel controversy

Meanwhile, Mr Trump also commented on US late-night chat show host Jimmy Kimmel, whose programme has been pulled from schedules after his remarks about the fatal shooting of conservative activist Charlie Kirk.

The president claimed the show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, was suspended because he “is not a talented person” and had “very bad ratings”.

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Trade unions gear up to nominate candidate in contest for Labour deputy

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Trade unions gear up to nominate candidate in contest for Labour deputy

Two of the most important Labour-affiliated unions are set to nominate their choice for who should replace Angela Rayner as the party’s deputy leader.

Unison and GMB will pick their candidate on 25 September – two days ahead of the deadline for nominations for Labour affiliates and local party branches.

Bridget Phillipson, the education secretary, is seen as the government’s choice of candidate in the race, which has effectively turned into a de facto confidence vote on Sir Keir Starmer’s leadership.

She is up against Lucy Powell, who was sacked as Commons leader in the recent reshuffle and has become the candidate for MPs who are unhappy with the party’s direction after a difficult first year in government.

Ms Phillipson has already secured the backing of the two unions – Community and the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers.

Will unions want to say ‘sod you’ to PM?

There are question marks over who Unison, GMB and Unite will back in the race, triggered by Ms Rayner quitting as deputy leader, deputy prime minister and housing secretary over underpaid stamp duty on a second home.

While Ms Phillipson may be boosted by having the backing of Number 10, the level of discontent in the Labour Party and wider union movement is at such a level that Ms Powell’s “outsider” status may benefit her.

One union source told Sky News that while they felt Ms Phillipson was the “better candidate”, “the temptation to vote Lucy to give a ‘sod you’ to government is a lot”.

They added: “Number 10 need to start fearing the party. They’ve had it too easy.”

Read more:
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How can a UK prime minister be ousted?

Another union insider said there was a “sense among union leaders that they wish this wasn’t happening”.

They questioned how important a role the unions would play in this contest due to the tight timetable, making it harder for them to mobilise behind a candidate.

“Most unions feel this is not a hugely impactful moment either way,” they said.

“Many of their members will be feeling quite grumpy at how things are going with the government, but at the same time, union leaders won’t want to get on the wrong side of Number 10 over something that is not going to make a meaningful difference in the long term.”

There are questions over the extent of Unite’s involvement and interest in the race.

Although the union is Labour’s biggest supporter, Sharon Graham, its general secretary, has sought to turn its focus away from internal party politics and on to industrial disputes.

On the first day of the Trades Union Congress in Brighton, she told Sky News she’d be “looking very much at their track record – have they backed workers? That’s what I’ll be looking for”.

Sharon Graham said she'll be looking at which candidate has backed workers
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Sharon Graham said she’ll be looking at which candidate has backed workers

How will the race play out?

In order to proceed to the next stage of the contest, the two candidates must each secure nominations from at least 5% of constituency Labour parties, or at least three organisations affiliated that to the party. At least two of these must be trade unions which make up 5% of fully paid-up affiliated party members.

The deadline to secure the necessary support is Saturday 27 September.

The Labour Party’s annual conference begins the next day, where the candidates who have secured the required backing will be able to make their pitches directly to members in a final hustings.

Ms Phillipson has pitched herself as the candidate who can “unite” the party after a difficult first year in power, which has seen Labour sink to just 20% in the polls, behind Nigel Farage’s Reform, which is leading on 28%.

Ms Phillipson, who has spoken of growing up in a working class area of Sunderland before going on to high office, said she was the person to take on Reform and secure a second term for Labour.

Speaking at a hustings event last week, she told members: “You can use this contest to look backward, to pass judgment on what has happened in the last year, or you can use it to shape positively what happens in the run-up to the next election.”

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Bridget Phillipson to stand for Labour deputy leader

‘Unforced errors’ cost government

Her message comes in contrast to that of Ms Powell, who has pitched herself as the “shop steward” of the parliamentary party willing to deliver criticism to the prime minister if necessary.

She said Labour’s mistakes in office over welfare and winter fuel payments had given the impression that it is “not on the side of ordinary people”.

In an interview with the BBC, Ms Powell praised the government’s “many achievements”, but added: “Some of the mistakes that we’ve made, or some of the unforced errors, have given a sense that we’re not on the side of ordinary people.”

Although Ms Powell secured fewer nominations from MPs than Ms Phillipson, recent polling by Survation suggests she is ahead with members on 47%, compared with 30% for her rival.

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