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Google celebrated the 25th anniversary of its launch this week – and it’s hard to envisage what life was like before.

Few companies have become so integral to society that they become a verb, but the search giant remains the shorthand for looking something up online despite AI threatening the habit.

Google has of course seen off plenty of would-be rivals before (any Ask Jeeves aficionados out there?) – it would be foolish to write off one of the world’s best-known brands after all it’s been through.

Here are 25 moments that helped get Google to where it is today.

1. Launch day (1998)

In 1996, Stanford University computer whizzes Larry Page and Sergey Brin dreamt up a search tool that could better organise the internet’s websites.

Two years later their project was noticed by investor Andy Bechtolsheim, who wrote them a $100,000 cheque.

They used the cash to start an office in the California garage of their friend, and future YouTube boss, Susan Wojcicki.

After buying the domain name Google.com, they got to work.

Google in 1998. Pic: Web Design Museum
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Google in 1998. Pic: Web Design Museum

2. Here comes the money train (2000)

Google’s growth was rapid and it had moved offices several times by 2000, which is when its transformation into a global behemoth would really begin.

Having set up its own campus in Mountain View, California (the area of Silicon Valley where it’s still based), the company launched AdWords.

This allowed advertisers to purchase search terms they wanted to be in the results for – and started a money train that would turn Google into one of the world’s richest firms.

Google co-founders Larry Page (L) and Sergey Brin listen to questions from the [media] during a news conference at Google headquarters in Mountain View, California May 10, 2006. Google faces mounting competition in the Internet search [advertising market, but expects such battles to drive up prices and increase revenues across the entire industry.]
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Google co-founders Larry Page (L) and Sergey Brin

3. Beyond words (2001)

Google had a big year in the boardroom and on its website in 2001, with experienced tech boss Eric Schmidt named chief executive and its co-founders becoming company presidents.

For users, this year saw images added to the website’s search results. It was driven by demand for snaps of a dress Jennifer Lopez had worn at the Grammy Awards in 2000.

Presenter and nominee Jennifer Lopez shows off her latest fashion at the 42nd annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles February 23, 2000. Lopez was nominated for Best Dance Recording for her song "Waiting For Tonight". REUTERS/Mike Blake
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Jennifer Lopez at the Grammy Awards in 2000

4. From email to Gmail (2004)

Generally you should take anything you see announced online on 1 April with a pinch of salt, but Google’s Gmail announcement was no joke.

The free web email client, which now has more than 1.8 billion users, was joined in 2001 by Google Autocomplete, which helped people fine-tune their search queries and would go on to inspire a generation of memes.

Google Inc. has begun offering a simpler way for Google users to conduct instant message chats from inside a Web browser window, alongside their e-mail, the Mountain View, California-based company said late on February 6, 2006. Gmail Chat, as the new service is known, includes a Quick Contacts list on the left side of Google Gmail e-mail program, which automatically displays the people the user communicates with most frequently, not just via Chat but also via Gmail e-mail or its more advanced G
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An early version of Gmail

5. Getting around (2005)

Not content with changing how we navigate the web, Google started to change how we navigate the real world with Google Maps and Google Earth.

The former is now de-facto satnav for commuters and delivery drivers alike, while the latter gave anyone with a computer the chance to explore far-flung parts of the world in 3D.

Apple Chief Executive Officer Steve Jobs discusses the Google Maps application for the iPhone during the Macworld Convention and Expo in San Francisco, California January 15, 2008. REUTERS/Robert Galbraith (UNITED STATES)
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Apple chief Steve Jobs shows off the first iPhone’s Google Maps app

6. Android joins the family (2005)

Another 2005 milestone that deserves its own slot on the list is Google’s $50m purchase of Android, which some might say is one of the most important moments in the history of mobile phones.

It’s the backbone of just about every non-Apple handset, and batted away competitors like Microsoft and Nokia to become the iPhone maker’s only real rival.

Executives hold the new G1 phone running Google's Android software in New York September 23, 2008. T-Mobile USA, a Deutsche Telekom AG unit, will sell the first phone powered by Google Inc's Android operating system under the brand name T-Mobile G1, said its partner Amazon.com Inc on Tuesday. REUTERS/Jacob Silberberg (UNITED STATES)
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The G1 phone, the first Google-branded handset, running Android

7. And so does YouTube (2006)

Just a year later, Google made another significant purchase: YouTube for $1.65bn.

The internet’s most ubiquitous video platform has been the backbone of the creator economy for years now, and created an entirely new breed of celebrity. And you can watch Sky News there, too – all day, every day.

YouTube logo
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YouTube first launched in 2005

8. The great firewall of China (2006)

One place you can’t watch YouTube is China, as it has fallen victim to the country’s infamously tough restrictions on what its citizens can see online.

Not that Google didn’t try to make it work, launching a highly censored version of its search engine there in 2006, before shutting down four years later after criticism from US politicians.

A worker at Google in Shanghai walks near their reception desk in their Shanghai office January 13, 2010. Google Inc may pull out of China because of censorship and cyber attacks on rights activists, further straining Sino-U.S. relations as Washington prepared to tackle global Internet censorship. Google, the world's top search engine, said on Tuesday it may close down its Chinese-language google.cn website and shut its offices after it uncovered sophisticated China-based attacks on human right
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Google’s time in China was short-lived

9. I’m a real word! (2006)

The final entry in a trifecta of 2006 milestones is Google’s addition to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006.

Listed as a verb, the dictionary entry said: “To use the Google search engine to find information on the internet. To search for information about (a person or thing) using the Google search engine.”

The new word "googeln" is pictured in the latest edition of Germany's leading dictionary Duden in Mannheim. The new verb "googeln" is pictured in the latest edition of Germany's leading dictionary Duden in Mannheim August 25, 2004. Two of Germany's biggest news publishers earlier this month said they would abandon new spelling rules that millions of schoolchildren have learned since 1998, rekindling a long-running battle over the German language. The verb to google is to search on the World Wid
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Google has also made its way into non-English dictionaries

10. The streets won’t forget (2007)

Google Maps was bolstered by the launch of Street View in 2007, which saw the company send out cars with huge cameras strapped to the top of them to capture pictures of the world’s roads.

You have probably seen them out and about over the years – and may even have ended up on Street View itself…

A Google Street View car is driven in Sundsvall, northern Sweden September 13, 2011. Street View, which enables users of Google Maps to view photos of streets as well, has been around since 2007 -- sending its cars out to take photos of city streets -- and covers about 30 countries. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (SWEDEN - Tags: TRANSPORT SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY)
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A Google Street View car in Sweden in 2011

11. Chrome is where the heart is (2008)

Much as Gmail has become many people’s preferred email client, so too has Chrome become the browser of choice since launching back in 2008.

Its dominance of the market is quite something given it’s not the default option on Windows PCs or Apple Macs, although anyone with the latter’s laptops will tell you no other software drains the battery quite like it.

Google software engineer Ben Goodger introduces the company's new web browser, dubbed Google Chrome, at the company's headquarters in Mountain View, California September 2, 2008. Google Inc's new browser software is designed to work "invisibly" and will run any application that runs on Apple Inc's Safari Web browser, company officials said on Tuesday. REUTERS/Kimberly White (UNITED STATES)
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Google’s development team introduced Chrome in 2008

12. Google’s first smartphone (2010)

Five years after buying Android, Google took its own stab at making a phone that ran it with the Nexus.

It was pitched as the purest Android experience you could get, providing rapid updates whenever the latest version (always named after a dessert) was released.

Peter Chou, chief executive of HTC, holds the Google Nexus One smartphone his company will produce, running the Android platform, during the unveiling of the first mobile phone the internet company will sell directly to consumers, during a news conference at Google headquarters in Mountain View, California January 5, 2010. REUTERS/Robert Galbraith (UNITED STATES - Tags: BUSINESS SCI TECH)
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The Google Nexus One was manufactured by HTC, which Google later bought

13. Chrome’s not alone (2011)

The Chrome name was unshackled from the web browser market in 2011 as Google began work on a computer operating system to rival Windows and macOS.

Chrome OS has since become the backbone of Google’s Chromebook laptops, which are especially popular in universities and schools.

14. The launch of the Play Store (2012)

Google’s answer to Apple’s App Store opened in 2012, replacing Android Market. The timing turned out well, as that year also saw the launch of a certain game called Candy Crush.

The Play Store raked in a whopping $42bn in revenue last year.

15. Remember Google Glass? (2012)

Google might be one of the world’s biggest companies, but its history is littered with failed experiments.

One of the most notable is Google Glass, its high-tech spectacles powered by augmented reality that were first introduced back in 2012 and killed off three years later. Clearly no one told Apple what people thought of them.

Momentum for Google Glass appears to have fizzled
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Momentum for Google Glass fizzled out pretty quickly

16. In at the deep end (2014)

It wasn’t as immediately eye-catching as its purchase of YouTube or Android, but Google snapping up British AI research company DeepMind now looks rather prescient.

Its team is key to Google’s overarching AI strategy as it looks to compete with rivals like OpenAI and Microsoft.

17. A new look (2015)

Google got a major makeover in 2015, with a new logo across its search engine and other products.

It was also the year of a major restructuring, as the company folded itself into a new company called Alphabet alongside other divisions, like the smart home platform Nest.

A businessman has won the right for a past-crime to be removed from Google search results
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Google’s refreshed logo has stuck since 2015

18. Pixel perfect (2016)

Google started making its own phones with the Pixel, replacing the old Nexus branding and joining its recently launched smart speakers – Google Home – on shop shelves.

The annoying adverts about removing chips from your photos didn’t arrive until six years later but they haven’t put people off the phones, with the next version due in just a few weeks.

New Google Pixel 7 Pro smartphones are displayed at a launch event for new Google hardware devices in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York, U.S., October 6, 2022. REUTERS/Roselle Chen
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Google’s Pixel 7 range will be replaced in October

19. Waymo (2016)

Google’s driverless car project was spun off into a company called Waymo in 2016, with the aim of taking the technology mainstream.

Seven years on and its fleet of taxis are working the streets of San Francisco 24/7, despite occasional navigational problems that have blocked traffic and even delayed emergency services.

A Waymo rider-only robotaxi is seen during a test ride in San Francisco, California,
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A Waymo robotaxi during a test ride in San Francisco

20. EU inflicts record fine (2017)

Politicians and regulators have taken a tougher stance on big tech in recent years, and Google has been made an example of on more than a few occasions.

The EU hit it with a record £2.1bn fine in 2017 for favouring its own shopping service in its search results.

21. Big earnings – but another big fine (2018)

Alphabet reported $100bn in annual sales for the first time in Google’s history in 2018, largely thanks to ads.

It certainly made another record fine from the EU easier to stomach, as it inflicted a £3.8bn penalty for forcing Android phone makers to pre-install Google apps.

22. End of an era (2019)

Co-founders Page and Brin relinquished control of Alphabet in December 2019, handing the reins over to Google’s chief executive Sundar Pichai.

He still leads the company and is one of the highest-paid tech bosses in the world, while this year saw him attend meetings with world leaders including Rishi Sunak to discuss the potential and threats of AI.

Sundar Pichai, vice president of product management for Google, holds a netbook that runs the company's Chrome OS during the company's event in San Francisco December 7, 2010. REUTERS/Beck Diefenbach (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCI TECH BUSINESS)
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Sundar Pichai, now Google’s top boss, holds a notebook during the unveiling of Chrome OS

23. ‘Sentient’ AI (2021)

Speaking of AI, Google’s work in the field made headlines in 2021 when a senior engineer was sacked for claiming the company’s chatbot was “sentient”.

The company said Blake Lemoine’s claims about LaMDA (its GPT-style language model for engaging in human-like conversations) were “wholly unfounded”.

24. The death of Stadia (2022)

Google’s attempt to gatecrash gaming with a Netflix-style streaming service called Stadia was announced in 2019.

However, it flopped in the face of competition from established platforms PlayStation, Xbox, and Nintendo.

Its demise was confirmed in 2022 and the service shut down in January, joining a long line of Google products like Glass and would-be Facebook rival Google+ on the scrap heap.

Stadia will work with a single controller across any screen
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Stadia was killed off after barely three years

25. The Bard will see you now (2023)

Google’s internal work on LaMDA came to fruition earlier this year with the release of Bard.

The chatbot’s launch was fast-tracked following the success of OpenAI’s ChatGPT and is becoming integral to Google’s business model, integrated into everything from Gmail to Docs.

Whatever happens next for Google, it’s clear Bard – and AI – will be key.

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At least eight people killed in car explosion in New Delhi, police say

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At least eight people killed in car explosion in New Delhi, police say

At least eight people have been killed and at least 19 others injured after a car exploded in New Delhi, say Indian police.

The blast, which triggered a fire that damaged several vehicles parked nearby, happened at the gates of the metro station at the Red Fort, a former Mughal palace and a busy tourist spot.

New Delhi’s international airport, metro stations and government buildings were put on a high security alert after the explosion, the government said. The cause of the explosion is being investigated.

The city’s police commissioner, Satish Golcha, said it happened a few minutes before 7pm.

“A slow-moving vehicle stopped at a red light. An explosion happened in that vehicle, and due to the explosion,
nearby vehicles were also damaged,” he told reporters.

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Local media said at least 11 people were injured and that Mumbai and Uttar Pradesh state had been put on high alert after the incident

Police officers and forensic technicians work at the site of the explosion. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Police officers and forensic technicians work at the site of the explosion. Pic: Reuters

The site of the explosion. Pic: Reuters
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The site of the explosion. Pic: Reuters

One resident, who did not give a name, told NDTV: “We heard a big sound, our windows shook.”

Sanjay Tyagi, a Delhi police spokesman, said they were still investigating the cause, while the fire service reported that at least six vehicles and three autorickshaws had caught fire.

Images show the burnt-out remnants of several cars and forensic officers at the scene.

The scene has now been sealed off. Pic: Reuters
Image:
The scene has now been sealed off. Pic: Reuters

Home minister Amit Shah told local media that a Hyundai i20 car exploded near a traffic signal close to the Red Fort. He said CCTV footage from cameras in the area will form part of the investigation.

“We are exploring all possibilities and will conduct a thorough investigation, taking all possibilities into account,” Shah said. “All options will be investigated immediately, and we will present the results to the public.”

The investigation is being conducted by the National Investigation Agency, India’s federal terror investigating agency, and other agencies.

India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi offered his condolences to those who have lost their loved ones in the blast.

He posted on X: “May the injured recover at the earliest. Those affected are being assisted by authorities.

“Reviewed the situation with Home Minister Amit Shah Ji and other officials.”

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly.

Please refresh the page for the latest version.

You can receive breaking news alerts on a smartphone or tablet via the Sky News app. You can also follow us on WhatsApp and subscribe to our YouTube channel to keep up with the latest news.

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From US enemy to ally? Why ex-jihadist Syrian president’s meeting with Trump is a big deal

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From US enemy to ally? Why ex-jihadist Syrian president's meeting with Trump is a big deal

It is a moment few could have imagined just a few years ago but the Syrian president, Ahmed al Sharaa, has arrived in Washington for a landmark series of meetings, which will culminate in a face-to-face with Donald Trump at the White House.

His journey to this point is a remarkable story, and it’s a tale of how one man went from being a jihadist battlefield commander to a statesman on the global stage – now being welcomed by the world’s most powerful nation.

Mr Sharaa became leader of Syria after the fall of the Bashar al Assad regime in December last year.

Before that he went by the nom de guerre Abu Mohammed al Jolani.

During Syria’s brutal civil war, he was the leader of the Nusra Front – a designated terror organisation, the Syrian branch of al Qaeda.

Back then, the thought of him setting foot on US soil and meeting a US president would have been unthinkable. There was a $10m reward for information leading to his capture.

Ahmed al Sharaa meeting Donald Trump in Riyadh in May. Pic: AP
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Ahmed al Sharaa meeting Donald Trump in Riyadh in May. Pic: AP

So what is going on? Why is diplomacy being turned on its head?

After 14 years of conflict which started during the so-called Arab Spring, Syria is in a mess.

Mr Sharaa – as the head of the transitional government – is seen by the US as having the greatest chance of holding the country together and stopping it from falling back into civil war and failed state territory.

But to do that, Syria has to emerge from its pariah status and that’s what the US is gambling on and why it’s inclined to offer its support and a warm embrace.

Donald Trump, Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman and Ahmed al Sharaa in May. Pic: Saudi Press Agency
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Donald Trump, Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman and Ahmed al Sharaa in May. Pic: Saudi Press Agency

By endorsing Mr Sharaa, it is hoping he will shed his past and emerge as a leader for everyone and unite the country.

Holding him close also means it’s less likely that Iran and Russia will again be able to gain a strong strategic foothold in the country.

So, a man who was once an enemy of the US is now being feted as a potential ally.

Mr Sharaa meeting Vladimir Putin in Moscow in October. Pic: Reuters
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Mr Sharaa meeting Vladimir Putin in Moscow in October. Pic: Reuters

There are big questions, though. He has rejected his extremist background, saying he did what he did because of the circumstances of the civil war.

But since he took power, there have been sectarian clashes. In July, fighting broke out between Druze armed groups and Bedouin tribal fighters in Sweida.

It was a sign of just how fragile the country remains and also raises concerns about his ability to be a leader for everyone.

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Can Syria’s new president be trusted?

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Nonetheless, Mr Sharaa is viewed as the best chance of stabilising Syria and by extension an important part of the Middle East.

Get Syria right, the logic goes, and the rest of the jigsaw will be easier to put and hold together.

The visit to Washington is highly significant and historic. It’s the first-ever official visit by a Syrian head of state since the country’s independence in 1946.

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Top shot: Syrian leader shows off his basketball skills

The meeting with Donald Trump is, though, the really big deal. The two men met in Riyadh in May but in the meeting later today they will discuss lifting sanctions – crucial to Syria’s post-war reconstruction – how Syria can help in the fight against Islamic State, and a possible pathway to normalisation of relations with Israel.

The optics will be fascinating as the US continues to engage with a former militant with jihadi links.

It’s a risk, but if successful, it could reshape Syria’s role in the region from US enemy to strong regional ally.

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Madagascar’s new president Michael Randrianirina denies coup after taking office following Gen Z uprising

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Madagascar's new president Michael Randrianirina denies coup after taking office following Gen Z uprising

A Gen Z uprising has pushed Madagascar’s former leader Andry Rajoelina, not only out of office but out of the country.

In his place is Colonel Michael Randrianirina, who was sworn in as president of the island nation last month after his military unit joined the protesters.

Sky News’ Africa correspondent Yousra Elbagir sits down with the new leader.

The first question I ask Colonel Randrianirina, as he sits in an ornate mahogany chair in his military fatigues, is how it feels to be in the palace as president.

He sighs and sinks deeper into the chair. He looks humbled and struggles to find the words.

“How do I put it?” he says. “I am happy and it is also a great honour to have come to this palace to be able to help and support the Malagasy people in deep poverty.”

As commander of an elite non-combatant military unit, Corps d’Administration des Personnels et des Services de l’Armée de Terre (CAPSAT), the colonel rode a wave of Gen Z protests to the palace. On 11 October, he shared a video on social media instructing officers to disobey shoot-to-kill orders and support the movement.

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The new Madagascan leader, Colonel Michael Randrianirina
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The new Madagascan leader, Colonel Michael Randrianirina

At least 22 protesters have been killed and more than 100 injured after denouncing the power cuts and water shortages that have come to signify government corruption in the impoverished island nation.

Why did he share the pivotal video?

He says: “I am a military officer but I am also part of the people and I will return to the people. When you feel sorry for what the people are suffering from… they have been poor for so long and wealth has been looted – but you still shoot them and kill them. That was not why I entered the military of Madagascar, to kill people.”

Soon after his speech, soldiers allowed the young protesters rejecting then president Andry Rajoelina to occupy Place du 13 Mai Square on Independence Avenue in the heart of Antananarivo, the island nation’s capital.

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October: Madagascar’s president flees country after coup

Colonel Randrianirina paraded through a crowd and addressed them from the hatch of an armoured vehicle. “The president of the nation has to leave… If that does not happen,” he threatened, “we will see”.

After Mr Rajoelina fled Madagascar on 13 October, the National Assembly voted to impeach him for “desertion of duty”. Three days later, Colonel Randrianirina stood in fatigues in front of the palace. With officers by his side, he announced their seizure of power and the dissolution of the constitution and all government institutions outside of the National Assembly.

Shortly after, the African Union suspended Madagascar‘s membership on account of the military takeover.

A demonstration in Antananarivo last month. Pic: Reuters
Image:
A demonstration in Antananarivo last month. Pic: Reuters

In the palace as president, he insists that this is not a military coup.

“It is support for the people and the country and for us to not be prone to civil war – between the people – between the military officers and your needs, so you adjust helping to support the people to avoid this.

“We were not conducting any coup at all, it was the president [Rajoelina] himself who decided to leave the country.”

Sky News meets Colonel Randrianirina
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Sky News meets Colonel Randrianirina

United Nations secretary-general Antonio Guterres condemned “the unconstitutional change of government in Madagascar” and called for “the return to constitutional order and the rule of law,” when reports of a military takeover first circulated on 16 October. The day we met the new president, he had just been congratulated by France’s President Emmanuel Macron.

Colonel Randrianirina is promising elections in 18 to 24 months, after what he calls a “refoundation and recovery” of the country – a process he admits might take a long time.

Observers are concerned that elections will be postponed and the new president will become another strongman, but Gen Z organisers are holding on to faith that this hard-earned outcome is worth it.

‘We were living under a dictatorship’

I asked a group of five young organisers if they have concerns that the president will become another dictator, just like previous Malagasy rulers who ascended to power off the back of a popular uprising. Ousted president Mr Rajoelina came into power after protests in 2009 that also ended in a CAPSAT-supported coup.

Police patrolling the streets during last month's protests. Pic: AP
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Police patrolling the streets during last month’s protests. Pic: AP

University student Ratsirarisoa Nomena told us: “The new president is not a dictator… he is listening to the people and he is validated by the people.

“We as students also validated him – he is not a dictator because the motivation of the army is from the people for the people.

“We were living under dictatorship. There was no freedom of expression and it was very hard to fight for that in Madagascar. We had to face being injured and losing our lives and the lives of our fellow students. Malagasy citizens who fought with us lost their lives too. This is what we went through – to me, we are halfway to victory.”

Their president is aware of their support and does not credit Gen Z alone for his place in the palace.

“Generation Z are part of the reason [I am here] but the full Malagasy people really wanted change at the time we are speaking,” Mr Randrianirina told me. “The Malagasy people have been suffering for so long and deprived of fundamental rights – no access to water supply and electricity, facing insecurity.

“Malagasy people, including the Gen Z, government officials and trade unions really wanted change so it is the whole Malagasy people that supported me to this point.”

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Across Africa, young people are showing their disapproval of the old guard.

Gen Z protesters have made their mark in Tanzania, Kenya, Cameroon, Morocco, Mozambique and Nigeria in 2025 alone – denouncing disputed elections and the corruption impacting their futures.

Is the Gen Z coup of Madagascar a warning for old leaders on a young continent?

“I don’t know what to say about the other countries, but I know my own country,” Mr Randrianirina says.

“If tomorrow the people of Madagascar hate me, then I will leave this palace.”

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