At the United Nations meeting in New York, he appeared a weary, frustrated and at times angry leader.
In his first appearance at the UN in person since the start of the war, the Ukrainian president might have hoped that its funding principles would lead to a groundswell of condemnation of Russia’s illegal invasion.
Instead, not only did a number of nations evidently place self-interest over collective peace and security – many have established closer economic ties with Russia over the past year – but Iran took the opportunity to criticise the US for intervening and prolonging the conflict.
The UN Security Council – with five permanent members – was designed to be the teeth of the UN, able to issue binding resolutions upon member states, but that also proved impotent.
Image: President Biden meets with President Zelenskyy. Pic: AP
On a more positive note, in Washington Mr Zelenskyy was able to secure a new aid package specifically focused on the next phase of the war, but the backdrop was a lukewarm reception from Congress – reflecting declining US public support for the war.
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And frictions over grain tariffs between Ukraine and Poland, Slovakia and Hungary have also served to heighten tensions and test Western unity.
After more than 18 months of war, the pressures continue to mount for Mr Zelenskyy.
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Sleep deprivation coupled with the stresses and strains of war are etched into deep furrows on his face. He has proven an exceptionally gifted wartime leader, but cracks are starting to show.
He has no military experience, yet is having to bear responsibility for sending his military forces into a highly attritional battle, with mounting casualties.
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The counteroffensive is not progressing as planned, and he has had to tolerate criticism of his military strategy, even from Western allies.
Mr Zelenskyy has been very effective at maintaining the profile of the war in international media, and securing a vital flow of western military and financial aid.
But western public support for the conflict is waning – Russia’s threat to wider Europe has diminished, and domestic priorities are starting to focus minds away from a “distant” war.
Mr Zelenskyy’s claim that he is fighting Russia to stop Europe descending into a third world war resonated at the start of the war, but the waning level of international support is clearly a major concern.
And he does not have a senior, experienced confidante with which to share his burden, in the way Winston Churchill used the monarchy during the Second World War.
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Ukraine strikes Russian Black Sea navy HQ
To date, despite the mounting pressures and relentless tempo of the war, Mr Zelenskyy has successfully managed to maintain diplomatic pressure on stakeholders without causing friction.
However, as pressure and frustrations have grown, Mr Zelenskyy has – perhaps understandably – used increasingly undiplomatic language, which has exacerbated tensions.
His recent spat with Poland, Slovakia and Hungary over grain tariffs is a great example. Poland has done more than most to support Ukraine – after all, it has a vested interest in ensuring Ukraine does not fail.
Mr Zelenskyy’s very public criticism of Poland over grain tariffs clearly antagonised its prime minister, which would have been music to the ears of Vladimir Putin.
Despite the immense pressures, Mr Zelenskyy must maintain his composure – western unity in support of Ukraine is probably the single most important factor in this gruelling war of attrition with Russia.
Hamas says the body of hostage Shiri Bibas has now been handed over, according to the group’s Al-Aqsa TV channel – as the Israeli military says it is checking the reports.
Israel said on Thursday that Ms Bibas was not among the four bodies handed over on Thursday as part of the ceasefire agreement, instead receiving an “anonymous body without identification”.
The failure to hand over the correct body caused outrage in Israel, and prompted Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to vow that Hamas“pays the full price for this cruel and evil violation”.
In a short statement, the Red Cross confirmed it had received human remains and transferred them to Israeli authorities.
The statement did not specify whose remains were believed to be in transit.
Dr Salem Attalah, deputy secretary general for the Palestinian Mujahedeen Brigades, said it handed over Ms Bibas’ remains to the Red Cross.
The militant group is thought to have been holding the mother and her two boys, Kfir and Ariel.
Hamas previously claimed there was the “possibility of an error or overlap in the bodies” which may have been caused by Israel “targeting and bombing the place where the family was with other Palestinians”.
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Israel will ‘never forget and never forgive’
Basem Naim, a member of the Hamas political bureau, later said “unfortunate mistakes” occurred and also suggested Israeli bombing had mixed the bodies of Israeli hostages and Palestinians.
He added in a statement: “We confirm that it is not in our values or our interest to keep any bodies or not to abide by the covenants and agreements that we sign.”
In a statement, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said: “Following the reports regarding Shiri Bibas, they are currently under review. IDF representatives are in contact with the family.”
Ms Bibas was kidnapped with her sons – four-year-old Ariel, and nine-month-old Kfir – from the Niz Or kibbutz during the group’s terror attack on Israel in October 2023.
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Hamas hands over bodies of Israeli hostages
The IDF confirmed the bodies of the two boys were positively identified on Thursday. However, it claimed the children had been murdered by Hamas with “bare hands”.
Hamas however claimed Ms Bibas and her children were all killed in an Israeli airstrike in November 2023, near the start of the war.
It comes ahead of the next round of hostage releases on Saturday – the final one during the first six-week phase of the ceasefire agreement, which came into effect last month.
The hostages due for release are Eliya Cohen, Omer Shem Tov, Tal Shoham, Omer Wenkert, Hisham al Sayed and Avera Mengisto.
According to the Hamas prisoners’ media office, Israel will be releasing 602 Palestinian prisoners and detainees on Saturday, adding to the hundreds already released.
It also comes after Israeli defence minister Israel Katz instructed the IDF to intensify operations in the West Bank after a series of bus explosions in a city near Tel Aviv.
Two of the blasts were in the city of Bat Yam on Thursday night, and a third was reported in the nearby town of Holon. No injuries were reported.
Hamas has named six Israeli hostages who are set to be released on Saturday while Israel is expected to release more than 600 Palestinian prisoners as part of a ceasefire agreement between the parties.
The hostages due for release are Eliya Cohen, Omer Shem Tov, Tal Shoham, Omer Wenkert, Hisham al-Sayed and Avera Mengisto.
According to Hamas’s prisoners media office, Israel will be releasing 602 Palestinian prisoners and detainees on Saturday, adding to the hundreds already released since the ceasefire took effect last month.
The release of the hostages on Saturday is the final one in this phase of the Gaza truce deal.
Mr Mengisto and Mr al-Sayed are civilians who entered the besieged enclave of Gaza a decade ago and have been held there since.
Image: (Clockwise) Eliya Cohen, Omer Shem Tov, Tal Shoham, Avera Mengisto, Hisham al-Sayed and Omer Wenkert.
Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Image: Tal Shoham, 39, taken from Be’eri. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Image: Eliya Cohen, 27, taken from Nova Festival. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Israelis who survived being held prisoner in Gaza, where a powerful bombing campaign has left much of it destroyed, have been released in small groups since the first six-week phase began last month.
The start of negotiations for a second phase of the ceasefire is expected in the coming days.
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Image: Omer Shem Tov, 21, taken from Nova Festival. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Image: Omer Wenkert, 23, Taken from Nova Festival. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Image: Hisham Al-Sayed, 36, taken from South Gaza. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Image: Avera Mengisto, 38, taken From North Gaza. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Israel and Hamas have been at war since the latter, a militant group ruling Gaza, carried out a massacre of 1,200 people in southern Israel on 7 October 2023 and took 251 hostage.
The latest list of hostages set for release comes amid heightened tensions between the parties after Israel claimed the body of hostage Shiri Bibas wasn’t actually hers and it had instead received the remains of an “anonymous body without identification”.
Image: Shiri Bibas, 33, taken from Nir-Oz. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Hamas responded that Ms Bibas’s remains appear to have been mixed with other human remains in what it claims was an “Israeli airstrike”.
Her body was meant to be handed over on Thursday alongside the bodies of her two children, who the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) confirmed they received.
The body of journalist and peace activist Oded Lifshitz, who was 83 when he was abducted, was also returned.
Image: Ariel Bibas, five, taken from Nir-Oz. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Image: Kfir Bibas taken from Nir-Oz. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
The Bibas family has become a powerful symbol of the 251 Israelis kidnapped on 7 October 2023 – not least because Kfir was the youngest taken.
The children’s father, Yarden Bibas, was released on 1 February as part of the ceasefire deal between Hamas and Israel.
Since the start of the war in October 2023, the Hamas-run Gaza health ministry says more than 48,000 Palestinians have been killed in Israeli attacks. Its figures do not differentiate between civilians and fighters.
Hamas says the remains of Israeli hostage Shiri Bibas appear to have been mixed with other human remains in what it claims was an “Israeli airstrike”.
Israel said the body handed over by Hamas was not Shiri’s, saying it had instead received the remains of an “anonymous body without identification”.
Israel claimed today forensic evidence showed Shiri and her two children were murdered in captivity by Hamas. Sky News has asked the IDF to provide evidence for their claims, but they have refused to comment further.
The Palestinian group claims Shiri and her children were all killed in Israeli airstrikes near the start of the war.
Ms Bibas was kidnapped with her sons – four-year-old Ariel, and nine-month-old Kfir – from the Niz Or kibbutz during the Palestinian militant group’s incursion into Israel in October 2023.
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) confirmed it received the bodies of Ariel and Kfir on Thursday.
However, it said the body that Hamas had claimed was their mother was not her and the group had therefore violated the ceasefire agreement.
“During the identification process, it was found that the additional body received was not that of Shiri Bibas, and no match was found for any other abductee. It is an anonymous body without identification,” it said in a statement.
“This is a very serious violation by the Hamas terrorist organisation, which is required by the agreement to return four dead abductees. We demand that Hamas return Shiri home along with all of our abductees.”
Hamas said there was the “possibility of an error or overlap in the bodies” due to Israeli bombing. Hamas has said they were all killed in Israeli airstrikes near the start of the war. The group has never provided evidence to back this up. Israel says the Bibas family were murdered by Hamas in captivity.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu later said Israel would make Hamas pay for failing to release Shiri’s body, calling it a “cruel and malicious violation”.
“We will act with determination to bring Shiri home along with all our hostages – both living and dead – and ensure Hamas pays the full price for this cruel and evil violation of the agreement,” he said in a video statement.
Image: Shiri Bibas with her son Kfir.
Pic: PA
The body of journalist and peace activist Oded Lifshitz, who was 83 when he was abducted, was also handed over on Thursday.
The bodies were transferred in four black coffins in a carefully orchestrated public display as a crowd of Palestinians and dozens of armed Hamas militants watched.
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Hamas hands over bodies of Israeli hostages
Israelis lined the road in the rain near the Gaza border to pay their respects as the convoy carrying the coffins drove by.
In Tel Aviv, people gathered, some weeping, in a public square opposite Israel’s defence headquarters that has come to be known as Hostages Square.
Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to eliminate Hamas and said the four coffins meant “more than ever” that Israel had to ensure there was no repeat of the 7 October attack.
Mr Netanyahu said: “Our loved ones’ blood is shouting at us from the soil and is obliging us to settle the score with the despicable murderers, and we will.”
Image: Oded Lifshitz, 84, taken from Nir-Oz. Pic: Bring Them Home Now
Image: The coffins were displayed on a stage by Hamas. Pic: Reuters
Israel’s President Isaac Herzog said: “Agony. Pain. There are no words. Our hearts – the hearts of an entire nation – lie in tatters.”
United Nations human rights chief, Volker Turk, called the parading of the four bodies “cruel” and “inhumane” in a statement on Thursday.
He said: “Under international law, any handover of the remains of deceased must comply with the prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, ensuring respect for the dignity of the deceased and their families.”
The Bibas family has become a powerful symbol of the 251 Israelis kidnapped on 7 October – not least because Kfir was the youngest taken.
The children’s father, Yarden Bibas, was released on 1 February as part of the ceasefire deal between Hamas and Israel.
Sombre moment for Israelis – as Hamas uses opportunity for propaganda
The return of the bodies of four Israeli hostages is a “sombre moment” for everybody in Israel and Jews across the world, our international correspondent Diana Magnay says.
She says the two young boys, Ariel and Kfir, “really became a symbol of the tremendous suffering 7 October caused”.
“Now, to have them returned back in this way is tragic.”
Referring to the scenes of coffins being transferred to the Red Cross, Magnay says Hamas has chosen to use this “as a propaganda opportunity”.
“They have missiles on the stage where the four coffins were, saying they were killed by US bombs,” she explains.
She says Hamas’s main message is “this was caused by you, you should take responsibility for it”.
She adds that 7 October was caused by Hamas, and has brought “untold suffering to both Israel and Palestinians”.
Meanwhile, six living hostages, the final due to be freed under the first phase of the Gaza truce deal, will be released on Saturday, according to Hamas.
Israelis who survived being held prisoner in Gaza have been released in small groups since the first six-week phase began last month.
The deal has provided a vital pause in the fighting that’s devastated Gaza and left tens of thousands dead.
At least 1,200 people were killed in the attack that started the war.
Since then, the Hamas-run Gaza health ministry says more than 48,000 Palestinians have been killed in Israeli attacks. Its figures do not differentiate between civilians and fighters.