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Switzerland has lost 10% of its glaciers in just two years, research shows, after high summer heat and low winter snowfall.

The country lost as much ice in the 24 months as it did in the three decades before 1990, researchers said, describing the ice melt as “catastrophic”.

Switzerland – home to the most glaciers of any country in Europe – has seen 4% of its total glacier volume disappear in 2023, the second-biggest decline in a single year on top of a record 6% drop in 2022.

The team at Glacier Monitoring Switzerland (GLAMOS) said the “massive ice loss” stemmed from a winter with very low volumes of snow – which falls on top of glaciers and protects them from exposure to direct sunlight – and high summer temperatures.

All of Switzerland – where the Alps cut a swathe through most of the southern and central parts of the country – was affected, though glaciers in the southern and eastern regions melted almost as fast as in 2022’s record thaw.

In some places, GLAMOS had to cease monitoring due to the melt.

Andreas Bauer of the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology of the ETHZ works near a collapsed part of the Rhone glacier, amid climate change, in Obergoms, Switzerland, September 26, 2023. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse
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A collapsed part of the Rhone glacier

A view shows a collapsed part of the Rhone glacier, amid climate change, in Obergoms, Switzerland, September 26, 2023. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse

Images posted on social media by Matthias Huss, who leads GLAMOS, during data collection trips in recent weeks showed new lakes forming next to glacier tongues, as well as streams of melt water running through ice caves, and bare rock poking out from thinning ice.

“This year was very problematic for glaciers because there was really little snow in winter, and the summer was very warm,” he said.

“The combination of these two factors is the worst that can happen to glaciers.”

More than half of the glaciers in the Alps are in Switzerland where temperatures are rising by around twice the global average due to climate change.

In some places, bodies lost long ago have been recovered as ice sheets have shrunk.

“Melting of several metres was measured in southern Valais (region) and the Engadin valley at a level above 3,200 metres (10,500ft), an altitude at which glaciers had until recently preserved their equilibrium,” the GLAMOS team said.

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The average loss of ice thickness was up to three metres (10ft) in places such as the Gries Glacier in Valais, the Basodino Glacier in the southern canton, or region, of Ticino, and the Vadret Pers glacier system in eastern Graubunden.

The situation in some parts of the central Bernese Oberland and the Valais was less dramatic – such as for the Aletsch Glacier in Valais and Plaine Morte Glacier in the canton of Bern, because they enjoyed more winter snowfall.

But even in such areas, “a loss of over two metres of the average ice thickness is extremely high,” the team said.

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Zelenskyy says he would give up presidency in return for peace and NATO membership for Ukraine

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Zelenskyy says he would give up presidency in return for peace and NATO membership for Ukraine

Ukraine’s president has said he would step down in return for peace and NATO membership for his country.

“If (it means) peace for Ukraine, if you really need me to leave my post, I am ready,” Volodymyr Zelenskyy said at a news conference.

“I can exchange this for NATO [membership], if that condition is there, immediately,” he added.

Donald Trump has previously said Ukraine is unlikely to become a NATO ally and membership is a red line for Russia.

Mr Zelenskyy’s comment appeared to be a response to Mr Trump recently calling him a “dictator” as Ukraine hadn’t held fresh elections – despite laws prohibiting it during wartime

During a wide-ranging conference in Kyiv, Mr Zelenskyy also said talks on a minerals deal with the US were moving forward, adding “all is OK”, despite concerns of a stalemate in negotiations.

President Trump said on Saturday a deal was “pretty close” and he was determined to get payback for billions of dollars of aid provided to Ukraine.

Ukraine wants the deal to include robust security guarantees over any future peace settlement with Russia.

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Starmer trip to US vital, Zelenskyy tells Sky News

Mr Zelenskyy also told Sky’s Deborah Hayes that next week’s visits to Washington by Keir Starmer and Emmanuel Macron were vital.

He said Europe had to be “at the table” when a peace deal is negotiated.

“Who will represent Europe – I can’t tell you now exactly,” he said.

“But I think one person will represent the EU. And of course, the UK has to be at the table, if we speak, for example, about security guarantees.”

The prime minister has said he’s prepared to deploy British troops to Ukraine as part of a peacekeeping force.

Rescuers work at a site of a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine February 23, 2025. Press service of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Dnipropetrovsk region/Handout via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. WATERMARK FROM SOURCE.
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Mr Zelenskyy said more than 260 drones were fired at Ukraine overnight. Pic: Reuters

The Ukrainian leader was speaking after his country was hit overnight with what he called the biggest drone attack since the war started.

Mr Zelenskyy condemned Russia for the “aerial terror” – a day before the third anniversary of Russia’s full-scale invasion.

“Every day, our people stand against aerial terror,” Mr Zelenskyy wrote on X.

“On the eve of the third anniversary of the full-scale war, Russia launched 267 attack drones against Ukraine – the largest attack since Iranian drones began striking Ukrainian cities and villages.”

A total of 138 of the drones were shot down and another 119 disappeared from radars after being jammed by electronic warfare, Ukraine’s air force said.

Damage was reported across five regions.

Mr Zelenskyy said nearly 1,150 drones, more than 1,400 guided aerial bombs and 35 missiles had been launched at Ukraine in the past week.

He thanked those operating air defences and called on allies to stand united to secure a “just and lasting peace”.

“This is achievable through the unity of all partners – we need the strength of all of Europe, the strength of America, the strength of everyone who seeks lasting peace,” he said.

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Fact-checking Trump’s claims on Zelenskyy and Ukraine

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Trump calls Zelenskyy a ‘dictator’

It comes amid concerns over Mr Trump’s recent war of words with Mr Zelenskyy and his false claim that Ukraine had started the war.

At a conservative conference on Saturday, Mr Trump – who alarmed Europe and Ukraine by holding a recent call with Vladimir Putin – repeated his optimism that a peace deal is possible under his watch.

“I’ve spoken to President Putin and I think that thing [the war] is going to end,” said Mr Trump.

Ukraine has insisted it won’t accept any peace deal agreed without its participation, after it was excluded from a meeting between US and Russian diplomats in Saudi Arabia.

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German election: Voting under way after campaign focused on economy and migration

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German election: Voting under way after campaign focused on economy and migration

Voters are heading to the polls in Germany’s general election.

They are electing a new parliament after a campaign focused on the state of Europe’s biggest economy and calls to restrict migration.

The vote also comes at a time of fragile relations between Europe and the US over Ukraine’s future in its war with Russia.

Chancellor Olaf Scholz lost a confidence vote in parliament last December, paving the way for an early election.

Chancellor Olaf Scholz attends the final Social Democratic Party (SPD) rally in Potsdam. Pic: Reuters
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Chancellor Olaf Scholz attends the final Social Democratic Party (SPD) rally in Potsdam. Pic: Reuters

Mr Scholz, leader of Germany’s centre-left Social Democrats (SPD), had governed as the head of a fractious three-party coalition until it collapsed the previous month when he sacked his finance minister.

He had weeks of disputes with Christian Lindner over how to kickstart Germany’s stagnant economy.

Mr Lindner and his colleagues in the Free Democrats Party (FDP) promptly quit the coalition, leaving the SPD and their remaining partner, the Greens, without a majority in parliament.

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Germany’s constitution does not allow the Bundestag to dissolve itself, so a confidence vote was needed to set in motion the early election, which is being held seven months ahead of schedule.

Friedrich Merz, leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party, at a rally in Munich. Pic: Reuters
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Friedrich Merz, leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party, at a rally in Munich. Pic: Reuters

Opposition leader Friedrich Merz, of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party, has vowed to revive the stagnant economy and defend Europe’s interests in the face of a confrontational White House.

The far-right, anti-immigration Alternative for Germany is looking to make gains – but has no other party willing to go into government with it.

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Pope had ‘tranquil’ night in hospital, Vatican says

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Pope had 'tranquil' night in hospital, Vatican says

Pope Francis had a “tranquil” night and rested in hospital, the Vatican has said.

Unlike previous updates since the Pope was admitted to hospital on 14 February, the Vatican didn’t say whether he had gotten up or had breakfast.

The 88-year-old has been in hospital for more than a week as he receives treatment for double pneumonia and chronic bronchitis.

On Saturday night, the Vatican said the Pope was in a critical condition after a “prolonged respiratory crisis” that required a high-flow of oxygen.

He also had blood transfusions after tests revealed thrombocytopenia, which is associated with anaemia.

Doctors said the prognosis was “reserved”.

In an update earlier on Saturday morning, the Vatican said he will not lead Sunday prayers for the second week running, adding: “The Pope rested well.”

Francis, who has been leading the Catholic Church since 2013, is likely to prepare a written homily for someone else to read at Sunday’s Angelus.

Millions of people around the world have been concerned about the Pope’s increasingly frail health – and his condition has given rise to speculation over a possible resignation, which the Vatican has not commented on.

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‘The Pope is like family to us’

Doctors on Friday said he was “not out of danger” and was expected to remain at Rome’s Gemelli hospital for at least another week.

Sergio Alfieri, the chief of the pontiff’s medical team, said: “Is he out of danger? No. But if the question is ‘is he in danger of death’, the answer is ‘no’.”

Doctors warned that while he did not have sepsis – where germs enter the bloodstream – there was always a risk the infection could spread in his body, and they said that was the biggest concern.

Sepsis is a complication of an infection that can lead to organ failure and death.

Pope Francis has a history of respiratory illness, having lost part of one of his lungs to pleurisy as a young man.

He had an acute case of pneumonia in 2023.

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