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The United States government is, once again, on course to shut down. 

In just a few hours, when the clock strikes a minute past midnight, the state will likely be unable to pay its bills.

What happens?

It means all non-essential federal services are frozen. Government, military, waster disposal and air traffic control staff are unlikely to be paid. Federal agencies, national parks, federal courts, museums and a plethora of state bodies will be hit.

They simply won’t have the funding to have meet their wage and other bills.

Lawmakers, however, will continue to be paid, thanks to provision in the US constitution.

Why is this happening?

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Congress, encompassing the US Senate and House of Representatives, have yet to approve discretionary spending, a necessity for the new US financial year, which starts on 1 October.

Republican House Speaker Kevin McCarthy has not succeeded at getting hard right wing Republicans to agree a deal. If he pushes too hard, or gets a bill passed that the right flank of his party don’t like, he risks losing his job.

Mr McCarthy’s job is predicated on not upsetting that far right cohort. In order to secure his job as speaker he agreed that any House of Representatives member could call for a vote to oust him.

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In a way he’s backed himself in to a corner, promising something he couldn’t deliver: to return federal spending to pre-COVID levels. Many Republicans loath the trillions spent on health measures and economic stimulus.

While he secured a deal to lift the debt ceiling with President Joe Biden back in May to avert the US being unable to meet debt repayments, this is a different situation.

There aren’t the same catastrophic economic consequences hanging over a government shutdown and so there’s less of a threat to Mr McCarthy.

Had the US defaulted it would have been first time in the country’s history and would have led to a near total shutdown of the economy. There would have been severe consequences to the worldwide economy.

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When has it happened before?

Many times. In the last decade alone there have been four shutdowns over topics such as Obamacare and Trump’s border wall. This one is harder to tie to a specific event.

Most recently, in 2018, Democratic politicians refused to pass a Trump-led spending plan to fund his disputed southern border wall. The shutdown then lasted 35 days.

Numerous government organisations have manuals for furloughing staff in the event of a shutdown.

What are the consequences/effects?

Last time roughly 800,000 workers were furloughed but exact numbers for a 2023 repeat are unclear.

As the first day of the shutdown would be Sunday, the effects will not be immediate as many employees won’t be due at work.

When people activity falter so too does production.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated that the five-week Trump shutdown in 2018-2019 reduced economic output by $11bn, including $3bn that the US economy never regained.

Shutdowns also impact America’s reputation as a stable, functioning financial leader, and it had an influence on government spending plans, delaying legislative agendas.

Some consequences are less quantifiable.

The US’s credit rating was already downgraded after just months of debt limit debate that brought the country to the brink of default.

Fitch brought down the rating from AAA – the highest possible – to AA+ over debt and governance concerns.

Lower credit ratings can increase the cost of government borrowing, adding to taxpayer bills, reducing spending and shrinking the economy.

US officials criticised the move, with Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen calling it “arbitrary” and “based on outdated data”.

Another credit agency, Moody’s, said a shutdown would threaten the triple A credit rating it designated for the US.

What are the odds of this happening?

It’s highly likely. Hard-line Republicans in the House of Representatives voted down a long-shot bill proposed by Mr McCarthy to halt the shutdown.

The Senate, which would need to vote to approve any plan, is not scheduled to take a final vote until Sunday despite the final deadline being midnight on Saturday.

How long will it go on for?

No one knows.

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Donald Trump threatens to impose additional 100% tariff on ‘extraordinarily aggressive’ China

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Donald Trump threatens to impose additional 100% tariff on 'extraordinarily aggressive' China

Donald Trump has announced the US will impose an additional 100% tariff on China imports, accusing it of taking an “extraordinarily aggressive position” on trade.

In a post to his Truth Social platform on Friday, the US president said Beijing had sent an “extremely hostile letter to the world” and imposed “large-scale export controls on virtually every product they make”.

Mr Trump, who warned the additional tariffs would start on 1 November, said the US would also impose export controls on all critical software to China.

The president added that he was imposing the tariffs because of export controls placed on rare earths by China.

He wrote: “Based on the fact that China has taken this unprecedented position, and speaking only for the USA, and not other nations who were similarly threatened, starting November 1st, 2025 (or sooner, depending on any further actions or changes taken by China), the United States of America will impose a tariff of 100% on China, over and above any tariff that they are currently paying.

“It is impossible to believe that China would have taken such an action, but they have, and the rest is history. Thank you for your attention to this matter!”

President Trump says he sees no reason to see President Xi as part of a trip to South Korea. Pic: Reuters
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President Trump says he sees no reason to see President Xi as part of a trip to South Korea. Pic: Reuters

Mr Trump said earlier on Friday that there “seems to be no reason” to meet with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in a scheduled meeting as part of an upcoming trip to South Korea at the end of this month.

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He had posted: “I was to meet President Xi in two weeks, at APEC, in South Korea, but now there seems no reason to do so.”

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The trip was scheduled to include a stop in Malaysia, which is hosting the Association of Southeast Asian Nations summit, a stop in Japan and then the stop to South Korea, where Mr Trump would meet Mr Xi ahead of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit.

Mr Trump added: “There are many other countermeasures that are, likewise, under serious consideration.”

The move signalled the biggest rupture in relations in six months between Beijing and Washington – the world’s biggest
factory and its biggest consumer.

It also threatens to escalate tensions between the two countries, prompting fears over the stability of the global economy.

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Friday was Wall Street’s worst day since April, with the S&P 500 falling 2.7%, owing to fears about US-China relations.

China had restricted the access to rare earths ahead of the meeting between Presidents Trump and Xi.

Under the restrictions, Beijing would require foreign companies to get special approval for shipping the metallic elements abroad.

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Tennessee: Multiple people killed and others missing after explosion at military munitions plant

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Tennessee: Multiple people killed and others missing after explosion at military munitions plant

Multiple people have been killed and others are missing after an explosion at a Tennessee military munitions plant.

Secondary explosions have forced rescuers back from the burning site at Accurate Energetic Systems, according to the Hickman County Sheriff’s Office.

Humphreys County Sheriff Chris Davis told a news conference: “We do have several people at this time unaccounted for.

“We are trying to be mindful of families and that situation. We do have some folks. We can confirm that we do have some that are deceased.”

The explosion was reported at 7.45am in Hickman County on Friday. Pic: WTVF-TV / AP
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The explosion was reported at 7.45am in Hickman County on Friday. Pic: WTVF-TV / AP

The cause of the blast, which occurred at 7.45am on Friday (1.45pm in the UK), was not immediately known.

Video from the scene showed flames and smoke billowing from a field of debris.

Emergency crews were initially unable to enter the Tennessee plant because of continuing explosions, Hickman County Advanced MT David Stewart said.

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Pics: WTVF-TV / AP
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Pics: WTVF-TV / AP

Residents in Lobelville, a 20-minute drive from the scene, told the Associated Press that they felt their homes shake and some people captured the loud boom of the explosion on their home cameras.

Gentry Stover, who was woken from his sleep by the blast, said: “I thought the house had collapsed with me inside of it.

“I live very close to Accurate and I realised about 30 seconds after I woke up that it had to have been that.”

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According to its website, Accurate Energetic Systems manufactures products for the defence, aerospace, demolition, and oil and gas industries

It adds that the company makes and tests explosives at an eight-building facility that sprawls across wooded hills near Bucksnort, a town about 60 miles southwest of Nashville.

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Letitia James indicted for fraud after Donald Trump demanded case against New York attorney general

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Letitia James indicted for fraud after Donald Trump demanded case against New York attorney general

Letitia James – New York attorney general and long-time critic of Donald Trump – has been indicted for fraud.

Ms James, a Democrat, was charged on Thursday with one count of bank fraud and one count of making false statements to a financial institution, in connection with a home she purchased in Norfolk, Virginia, in 2020.

The 66-year-old could face up to 30 years in prison and up to a $1m (£752m) fine on each count if convicted, according to Sky’s US partner network NBC News.

Mr Trump has been advocating charging Ms James for months, posting on social media without citing any evidence that she’s “guilty as hell” and telling reporters at the White House: “It looks to me like she’s really guilty of something, but I really don’t know.”

Trump had been pushing for Ms James to be indicted. Pic: AP
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Trump had been pushing for Ms James to be indicted. Pic: AP

In a lengthy statement, Ms James vehemently denied any wrongdoing and described the indictment as “nothing more than a continuation of the president’s desperate weaponisation of our justice system”.

She said: “These charges are baseless, and the president’s own public statements make clear that his only goal is political retribution at any cost.”

The indictment was presented to a grand jury by Lindsey Halligan, the newly appointed attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia.

Ms Halligan, who has previously worked as a lawyer for Mr Trump, replaced veteran prosecutor Erik Siebert, who had resisted filing charges against Ms James and former FBI director James Comey, who was charged with lying to Congress two weeks ago.

Former FBI director James Comey. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Former FBI director James Comey. Pic: Reuters

The indictment pertains to Ms James’s purchase of a house in Norfolk, where she has family.

During the sale, she allegedly signed a document called a “second home rider” in which she agreed to keep the property primarily for her “personal use and enjoyment for at least one year”. However, the indictment claims she instead rented it out to a family of three.

According to the indictment, the misrepresentation allowed Ms James to obtain favourable loan terms that are not available for investment properties.

Lindsey Halligan brought the case against Letitia James. Pic: AP
Image:
Lindsey Halligan brought the case against Letitia James. Pic: AP

History of Trump and James

Ms James’s indictment is the latest indication that the Trump administration is determined to use the powers of the justice department to target the president’s political and public figure foes.

In a statement on Truth Social last month, Mr Trump called on US Attorney General Pam Bondi, who leads the department, to prosecute his political opponents.

“We can’t delay any longer, it’s killing our reputation and credibility. They impeached me twice, and indicted me (5 times!), OVER NOTHING. JUSTICE MUST BE SERVED, NOW!!!” Trump wrote.

Ms James is a particularly personal target of Mr Trump. During the president’s first term in office, she sued him and his administration dozens of times.

Last year, she won a staggering judgment against the Trump Organization after she brought a civil lawsuit alleging he and his companies defrauded banks by overstating the value of his real estate holdings on financial statements.

An appeals court later overturned a hefty fine Mr Trump was ordered to pay, but upheld a lower court’s finding that he had committed fraud.

Ms James in court during Trump's civil fraud trial in 2024. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Ms James in court during Trump’s civil fraud trial in 2024. Pic: Reuters

What happens now?

Ms James is scheduled to make an initial appearance in the federal court in Norfolk on 24 October.

The case has been assigned to US District Judge Jamar K Walker, who was appointed by Joe Biden.

The standard for securing an indictment before a federal grand jury is much lower than securing a unanimous conviction by a jury at trial, NBC reported.

The Justice Manual, which guides federal prosecutors, says attorneys for the government should move forward on a case only if they believe the admissible evidence – evidence that is allowed to be presented in a court of law – would be enough to obtain and sustain a conviction.

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