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Russia’s Black Sea Fleet was once considered mighty but with a growing threat from Ukrainian attacks, Moscow has turned to a First World War strategy to protect it.

Despite not having a navy itself, Ukraine has managed to carry out a series of successful attacks including strikes on Russia’s Black Sea navy HQ in Sevastopol in September and its 612ft flagship Moskva last April.

Sky News has found Russia has painted five of the fleet’s ships including its flagship Admiral Makarov over the past two months in what analysts describe as an attempt to protect the “vulnerable” fleet.

The Black Sea Fleet (BSF) has around 30 warships and is primarily based in Sevastopol in occupied Crimea.

Pic: A. Brichevsky
Image:
The flagship Admiral Makarov. Pic: A. Brichevsky

We found the bow and stern of five warships including the Admiral Makarov – which became the fleet’s flagship after the sinking of the Moskva – were painted navy blue or black between 26 May and 4 July this year.

Experts suggest the painting of Makarov, its sister ship Admiral Essen, Ivan Gobulets, Muromets and Grayvoron aims to visually distract Ukrainian threats including sea drones, and to make the vessels appear smaller.

Ukraine has boasted about its use of sea drones – the unmanned nimble vessels that carry explosives and travel on the surface of the water – which have been used in attacks in Crimea.

We compared archive images of the five ships and more recent pictures posted on a Russian Telegram channel linked to KCHF.ru – the fleet’s website.

We’re unable to prove the exact date that these boats were painted but based our timeline on the dates the images were posted online.

Open-source researchers previously pointed out that the painted Admiral Essen can also be seen in satellite imagery. The ship contains an 8 Kalibr land missile – which has been regularly used against Ukraine during the war.

Analysts say this is a “new form of dazzle painting” – a decoy technique using irregular patterns and colours, which was first used in the First World War to help offer protection from German boats at sea.

Before and after images of the painted ships Admiral Makarov (top) and Ivan Gobulets (bottom). Pics: A. Brichevsky
Image:
Before and after images of two of the painted ships Admiral Makarov (top) and Ivan Gobulets (bottom). Pics: A. Brichevsky

Analysts say painting either side of the boat attempts to present it as smaller than it is – hiding key features like helipads.

While naval decoy is not new, it does tell us something about the threat Ukraine is posing.

Defence and security analyst Professor Michael Clarke said: “It’s sensible idea, but Russia didn’t think its fleet would be in that position. They’re having to go back to some old traditional methods.

“I didn’t think the BSF would be under so much pressure. The fact the Ukrainians have made it vulnerable, we didn’t expect it at the start of the war.”

He adds that it’s a cheap tactic and can buy Russian forces extra time to shoot down incoming missiles if drones fall for the visual distraction, but it has “declining effectiveness”.

Admiral Essen taken on 19th June in Sevastopol. Pic: Planet Labs PBC
Image:
The painted bow of the Admiral Essen taken on 19th June in Sevastopol. Pic: Planet Labs PBC

Ukraine has access to drones that use radar signature and infrared signals so in some cases, a coat of paint won’t make a difference to detection.

Painting planes on tarmac

But Russia hasn’t stopped at naval camouflage – it’s also used the decoy technique to try to protect its airbases – even ones close to Moscow.

Satellite imagery previously highlighted by open-source researchers has shown that Russia has painted several aircraft on the ground at airbases to try to trick Ukrainian drones.

Images taken at Engels and Yeysk airbases and an S400 missile launcher base over the past few months show aircraft including Tu-95 strategic bombers painted onto the tarmac.

The S400 base in the Timiryazevsky District is only roughly 10km from the heart of Moscow.

Satellite image shows tyres on planes at Engles airbase on 28 August. Pic: Maxar Technologies
Image:
Satellite image shows tyres on planes at Engles airbase on 28 August. Pic: Maxar Technologies

Raphael S. Cohen, Director of Strategy & Doctrine Program, Project Air Force at RAND said: “The war is coming closer to home for Russia. The fact that it merits a Russian response shows you should view this as a measure of effectiveness for the Ukrainians.

“If you’re causing the Russians to worry about their base defences such that they’re taking the time to camouflage, then you’ve clearly thrown them off balance.”

Satellite images have also shown tyres placed on the top of aircraft at Engels airbase which analysts suggest may be used to prevent damage to the aircraft from nearby explosions.


The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

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Inside a secret, underground military base in eastern Ukraine

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Inside a secret, underground military base in eastern Ukraine

A hidden, underground military base in eastern Ukraine is so secret, soldiers change into civilian clothes whenever they step outside to avoid drawing attention.

Journalists are not usually allowed access.

But the unit that has been using this vast, subterranean warren of war rooms, a dormitory, kitchen, canteen and makeshift gym as its headquarters since the summer is imminently relocating, so Sky News was invited inside.

Lieutenant Colonel Arsen Dimitric – call sign Lemko – is the chief of staff of 1st Corps Azov of the National Guard of Ukraine, one of the country’s most effective combat forces.

Lemko
Image:
Lemko

He sat with us in the base, next to a large square table, covered by a map of the Donbas region.

His soldiers have been fighting in this area since the summer, countering a surge in Russian attacks in and around the frontline city of Pokrovsk.

“We aim to destroy as much of the enemy as possible,” he said.

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“Will we take losses? Yes. Will it hurt? Absolutely.”

But he said if Russia is allowed to advance, even more Ukrainians will suffer.

“Their [the Russians’] only advantage is numbers,” he said.

“They don’t care how many people they lose.”

Lemko said almost 17,000 Russian soldiers had been killed or wounded fighting in this section of the warzone alone between August to November.

Read more:
Russia hits Ukraine with massive missile and drone attack

Ukrainian video footage of the battlefield showed Russian armoured vehicles being taken out by drones and artillery fire.

At one point, Russian soldiers mounted on motorbikes try to advance, only to be stopped by Ukrainian fire.

“Our task is to hit them as hard as possible in various areas,” Lemko said. “We focus on our operations, others on theirs, and leadership will negotiate the best possible terms.”

The Azov Corps soldiers are fighting over land that should be handed over to Russia, according to an initial draft of a peace deal proposal between Kyiv and Moscow put forward by the United States. This is despite swathes of the Donbas remaining under Ukrainian control.

But General Oleksandr Syrskyi, the head of the Ukrainian armed forces, has since told Sky News that simply surrendering territory would be “unacceptable”.

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Giving up territory ‘unacceptable’, Ukraine’s military chief says

For Lemko, he says the job of his troops is to inflict as much damage as possible on the Russian side to help strengthen Ukraine’s hand in negotiations.

“Simply giving it [land] away isn’t the way,” he said.

“Diplomats do their work, we do ours. Our job as soldiers is to give as many advantages as possible to our negotiating team. And we’re doing exactly that.”

Lemko, who has been battling against Russia since the Crimean annexation in 2014, also had a warning for the rest of Europe about a rise in hybrid attacks, such as mysterious drone sightings, acts of sabotage and cyber hacks suspected of being linked to Moscow.

He said Ukraine’s experience showed that if attacks by Russia that fall under the threshold of conventional war are not successfully countered, full-scale conflict could follow.

“Ukraine once lost a hybrid war that had been waged since the very start of our independence,” he said.

“Because of that defeat, there was a physical operation against us in Crimea and then a physical operation in 2022.

“Now the hybrid war has reached its climax, and it is moving into the Baltic States and Europe.

“That is why, in my opinion – and in the opinion of most of our officers – now is the moment for all countries to unite and counter this hybrid war. Because the consequence may be a physical one.”

Production: Katy Scholes, security and defence producer, and Azad Safarov, Ukraine producer.

Camera operator: Mostyn Pryce

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At least 25 people dead after major fire at nightclub in Goa, India

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At least 25 people dead after major fire at nightclub in Goa, India

At least 25 people have been killed after a fire at a nightclub in Goa, the state’s police service has said.

The fire reportedly started around midnight on Saturday local time.

The majority of victims were kitchen staff at the club – although around three to four tourists are thought to be among those killed.

Videos on social media showed emergency services lining up to help the injured – some of whom were taken to nearby hospitals.

Dr Pramod Sawant, Goa’s chief minister, said: “I am deeply grieved and offer my heartfelt condolences to all the bereaved families in this hour of unimaginable loss.”

He later said he was “closely reviewing the situation arising from the tragic fire” – adding six additional people had been injured.

“All six injured persons are in a stable condition and are receiving the best medical care,” he said.

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Pic: NDTV
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Pic: NDTV

Fire at nightclub in Goa. Pic: NDTV
Image:
Fire at nightclub in Goa. Pic: NDTV

Authorities worked through the night to bring the situation under control and all bodies have been recovered, the state’s police chief told reporters, according to Reuters news agency.

India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the deadly fire was “deeply saddening”.

He said he had spoken with Goa’s chief minister and that “the state government is providing all possible assistance to those affected”.

Dr Sawant said he has “ordered an inquiry” to discover what happened after visiting the site.

Pic: AP
Image:
Pic: AP

“The inquiry will examine the exact cause of the fire and whether fire safety norms and building rules were followed,” he said.

“Those found responsible will face most stringent action under the law – any negligence will be dealt with firmly.”

Goa, a small state on India’s western coast, is a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of tourists every year.

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Russia hits Ukraine with massive missile and drone attack amid peace talks

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Russia hits Ukraine with massive missile and drone attack amid peace talks

Russia launched a massive missile and drone attack on Ukraine overnight, after US and Ukrainian officials said they would meet for a third day of talks aimed at bringing the war to an end.

The two sides said they had made progress on a security framework for post-war Ukraine, but that any “real progress toward any agreement” will depend “on Russia’s readiness to show serious commitment to long-term peace.”

Russia launched 653 drones and 51 missiles in its attack on Ukraine, triggering air raid alerts across the country, Ukraine’s air force said.

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Giving up territory ‘unacceptable’ – Ukraine’s military chief

Ukrainian forces shot down and neutralised 585 drones and 30 missiles, the air force said, adding that 29 locations were struck.

At least eight people were wounded in the attacks, Ukraine’s minister of internal affairs Ihor Klymenko said.

Russia conducted a “massive missile-drone attack” on power stations and other energy infrastructure in several regions, Ukraine’s national energy operator Ukrenergo said on Instagram.

Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant temporarily lost all off-site power overnight, the International Atomic Energy Agency said.

The plant is in an area that has been under Russian control since early in Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine. It is not in service, but needs reliable power to cool its six shutdown reactors and spent fuel in order to avoid any catastrophic nuclear incidents.

Read more from Sky News:
Young Germans fear return to conscription
Giving up territory would be ‘unjust’, says Kyiv armed forces chief

Russia struke a train station in the city of Fastiv. Pics: Reuters
Image:
Russia struke a train station in the city of Fastiv. Pics: Reuters

Zelenskyy condemns ‘meaningless’ strikes

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy condemned the strikes as “meaningless” from a military point of view.

He said energy facilities were the main targets, but a drone strike had “burned down” a train station in the city of Fastiv, in the Kyiv region.

“The Russians’ goal is to hurt millions of Ukrainians, and they have sunk so low that they are launching missiles at peaceful cities on St. Nicholas Day,” he said.

“That is why additional pressure is needed. Sanctions must work, and so must our air defence, which means we must continue to support those who defend our lives.”

Ukraine strikes oil refinery

Meanwhile, Russia’s defence ministry said its air defences had shot down 116 Ukrainian drones over Russian territory overnight.

The General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces said Ukrainian forces had struck Russia’s Ryazan Oil Refinery, while Russian Telegram news channel Astra shared footage appearing to show a fire breaking out and plumes of smoke rising above the refinery.

Over the last few months, Ukraine has used long-range drones to target Russian refineries in an attempt to deprive Moscow of the oil export revenue it needs to continue the war.

Meanwhile, Kyiv and its Western allies say Russia is trying to cripple Ukraine’s power grid and deny civilians access to heat, light and running water in winter, which Ukrainian officials call “weaponising” the cold.

On Monday, Mr Zelenskyy will meet Sir Keir Starmer in London to discuss the ongoing negotiations mediated by the US, along with French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz.

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