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September 2023 was not only the hottest September on record, new data has confirmed today, but it was warmer by a margin described by stunned scientists as “extraordinary”, “huge” and “whopping”.

It keeps the world on course for its hottest year ever, expected to be 1.4C warmer than before the industrial era.

The new record is just the latest to be shattered this year, following a record hot June, July and summer overall, and record hot September in the UK.

Scientists are pointing the finger primarily at climate change, and warned of worse to come. But they also put it down to a warm weather pattern called El Nino, and natural changes in the weather.

The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) confirmed today that in September average surface air temperatures globally reached 16.38C.

The figure is 0.93C above the average for September during the last two decades, and a significant 0.5C warmer than the previous warmest ever September, in 2020.

The margin has astonished scientists.

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Record heat in September smashed previous records by a "huge" 0.5C margin
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Record heat in September smashed previous records by a “huge” 0.5C margin

“It’s huge,” said Professor Ed Hawkins, climate scientist at Reading University. “We shouldn’t be breaking records by this amount.”

Piers Forster – the interim chair of the government’s Climate Change Committee but speaking in his capacity as climate change professor at Leeds University – said variations between months each year are usually quite small.

“Therefore, breaking the previous September record by a whopping 0.5C is crazy and shows something really bizarre is going on,” he said.

Dr Samantha Burgess, deputy director of C3S, said the “unprecedented temperatures” for September broke records by “an extraordinary amount”.

With two months until the next global climate talks, COP28 in Dubai in December, the “urgency for ambitious climate action has never been more critical”, added Dr Burgess.

The sea was hot too

Today’s findings are based on billions of measurements from satellites, ships, aircraft and weather stations around the world.

They confirmed that temperatures on the ocean surface had also soared in September, reaching the second highest ever, behind only August 2023.

Scientists have also been alarmed by the record low sea ice cover in Antarctica, which C3S confirmed has continued into September.

It is fuelling worries that climate change is finally catching up with the continent once thought to be relatively shielded.

Antarctic sea ice cover is at a record low in 2023. Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center
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Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Why was September and this summer so hot globally?

Part of the heat has come from a natural switch in the tropical east Pacific around July from a cool El Nina phase to a warm El Nino one, influencing temperatures around the world.

But while a combination of factors are at play, including natural variability from year to year, scientists believe the main cause is climate change.

Prof Forster said: “We think it’s caused by a combination of factors, principally greenhouse gas emissions being at an all time high.”

Global temperatures have warmed by around 1.1C since the pre-industrial era due to human activity, according to UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

“What we’re seeing this year is there is a bump on top of that,” said Prof Hawkins, which could be “due to other factors such as El Nino or other weather patterns”.

“But the largest component by far is the fact that we have added so much greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels.”

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UK climate deaths since 1990

Prof Hawkins said month after month of record heat was not necessarily a sign the climate crisis was accelerating, but a taste of the future under continued global warming.

Extreme weather events this summer – like fires in the Mediterranean, floods in New York or heatwaves in the UK – will become “more frequent and sadly become normal”, he added.

He said climate change is exacerbating flooding because warmer air can hold more water, meaning rainfall is heavier.

It also makes naturally occurring heatwaves even hotter, and it fuels the hot and dry conditions that allow wildfires to spread rapidly, even if the fires were sparked by something unrelated, he added.

Watch The Climate Show with Tom Heap on Saturday and Sunday at 3pm and 7.30pm on Sky News, on the Sky News website and app, and on YouTube and Twitter.

The show investigates how global warming is changing our landscape and highlights solutions to the crisis.

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Hamas official thanks Donald Trump for ceasefire deal – but tells Sky News Tony Blair not welcome

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Hamas official thanks Donald Trump for ceasefire deal - but tells Sky News Tony Blair not welcome

A senior Hamas official has thanked President Donald Trump for his role in securing a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas.

In an exclusive interview with Sky News’ lead world news presenter Yalda Hakim, senior Hamas official Dr Basem Naim also warned that former UK Prime Minister Sir Tony Blair would not be welcome in any post-war role for Gaza.

Latest updates: Palestinians head back north – as Israel pulls troops back

Israel and Hamas have agreed to a first phase of a peace deal brokered by the US president, with a ceasefire taking effect on Friday.

Dr Naim said the ceasefire would not have been possible without President Trump, but insisted he needed to continue to apply pressure to Israel to stick to the agreement.

He added that Hamas would be willing to step aside for a Palestinian body to govern a post-war Gaza, but that they would remain “on the ground” and would not be disarmed.

Dr Naim said in the interview: “Without the personal interference of President Trump in this case, I don’t think that it would have happened to have reached the end of the war.

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“Therefore, yes, we thank President Trump and his personal efforts to interfere and to pressure Israel to bring an end to this massacre and slaughtering.”

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He added: “We believe and we hope that President Trump will continue to interfere personally and to exercise the maximum pressure on [Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu to fulfil its obligation.

“First, as according to the deal, and second, according to the international law as an occupying power, because I think without this pressure, without this personal interference from President Trump, this will not happen.

“We have already seen Netanyahu speaking to the media, threatening to go to war again if this doesn’t happen, if that doesn’t happen.”

Donald Trump has been thanked for his role in securing a peace deal in Gaza. Pic: AP
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Donald Trump has been thanked for his role in securing a peace deal in Gaza. Pic: AP

Questions remain over the next phases of the peace plan, including who will govern Gaza as Israeli troops gradually pull back and whether Hamas will disarm – as called for in Mr Trump’s ceasefire plan.

Mr Netanyahu has hinted that Israel might renew its offensive if Hamas does not give up its weapons.

However, Dr Naim said Hamas would not completely disarm and that weapons would only be handed over to the Palestinian state, with fighters integrated into the Palestinian National Army.

“No one has the right to deny us the right to resist the occupation of armies,” he said.

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Thousands of Gazans are heading north as Israeli troops pull back.

On future governance, Dr Naim criticised plans for Sir Tony to play any role in overseeing the future of Gaza, saying that Hamas and Palestinians were angered by his role in previous wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Dr Naim added: “When it comes to Tony Blair, unfortunately, we Palestinians, Arabs and Muslims and maybe others around the world have bad memories of him.

“We can still remember his role in killing, causing thousands or millions of deaths to innocent civilians in Afghanistan and Iraq.

“We can still remember him very well after destroying Iraq and Afghanistan.”

Under Mr Trump’s plans, Sir Tony would form part of an international supervisory body.

The international body, the Council of Peace or Board of Peace, would govern under plans approved by Mr Netanyahu.

Read more:
How withdrawal of Israeli troops in Gaza could work
Could the Gaza deal lead to something even bigger?

The body would hold most power while overseeing the administration of Palestinian technocrats running day-to-day affairs.

It would also hold the commanding role of directing reconstruction in Gaza.

Sir Tony Blair has been told he would not be welcome in a post-war Gaza. Pic: PA
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Sir Tony Blair has been told he would not be welcome in a post-war Gaza. Pic: PA

Dr Naim added that Hamas was satisfied Mr Trump’s plan would achieve peace in Gaza.

But he said it could never be fully satisfied after accusing Israel of genocide.

Israel has continually denied this, claiming it has been fighting Hamas terrorists to defend itself following the October 7 massacre in 2023.

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‘Terror cannot beat us’: Nova Music Festival founders on surviving October 7 – and their hopes for peace

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'Terror cannot beat us': Nova Music Festival founders on surviving October 7 - and their hopes for peace

In the exhibition room of Berlin’s old Tempelhof Airport, three burned-out cars lie on their sides.

The windows, interiors and paintwork are gone; all that remains are lumps of twisted and rusted metal. Next to them is a rough circle of tents and scattered mats.

A picnic chair has toppled over on one, others are strewn with abandoned bags, camping equipment and discarded fairy lights.

“Everything you see here is original from the festival on October 7th,” Ofir Amir explains.

He’s referring to the Nova Music Festival, where around 400 people were murdered on 7 October 2023.

In the week where peace finally feels like a possibility, Ofir is remembering those killed in a massacre that sparked the latest conflict.

All around us are tables of abandoned items left behind in the panic. One displays clothes; another is filled with shoes.

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Shoes form part of the tributes to those who died on 7 October 2023
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Shoes form part of the tributes to those who died on 7 October 2023

All of them are reminders of a day, Ofir, who was a co-founder of the festival, nearly didn’t survive.

“When the terrorists came to the festival area, we saw them just shooting into the crowd that was running away from them,” he tells me.

Ofir and his friends managed to jump into a car and started to drive away, but they were cornered by Hamas militants who opened fire.

One of their friends died, and Ofir was shot in both legs. He remembers he was on the phone to his wife, who was nine months pregnant at the time.

‘How will my wife raise a child alone’

“This was all I could ever think about,” he says, “that I might not come home, and how will my wife raise a child alone.”

Ofir’s friends used what they could to stop the bleeding and managed to keep him alive until help came.

The memorial exhibition was created in memory of those who died.

It’s already opened in cities including New York and Toronto, but on the second anniversary of the October 7 attacks, the exhibition began its first European show in Berlin.

“With so much hate going on, so much antisemitism everywhere on the streets, all over the world, it’s important to show the world and give them a reminder when you go so blindly and follow hate, what the outcome can be,” Ofir says.

Omri Sasi, also a co-founder and DJ at the Nova Music Festival, was in the car with Ofir when they were hit.

He picks out faces from a long line of photos which cover one wall.

Ofir Amir was shot in both legs as he escaped the festival
Image:
Ofir Amir was shot in both legs as he escaped the festival

‘They were murdered together’

“This is my uncle, Avi Sasi. This is Alex Luke, my friend from Montreal… they were murdered together,” he says.

Beside them are the photos of Omri’s pregnant cousin and her husband, who were also killed.

Despite their losses, Omri and Ofir say they don’t want the exhibition to focus on religion or politics but to help spread peace.

However, the memorial event has faced some opposition; for example, several hundred demonstrators protested against Israel at the exhibit in New York.

In Los Angeles, Omri says a pro-Palestinian group also gathered outside the show. He invited them in, and they talked about the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

Omri Sasi was also in the car with Ofir, when they were hit by Hamas gunmen
Image:
Omri Sasi was also in the car with Ofir, when they were hit by Hamas gunmen

‘We cried together’

“We cried together, we hugged each other and we understood that the best way to deal with this war is to talk,” he says. “Not to fight and not hit people.”

More than 60,000 Gazans have died in the Israel-Hamas war, according to the Hamas-run Gaza health ministry.

Omri tells me he has friends in Gaza, that he wants the ceasefire to hold, and Gazans “to have a good life” – but he’s also deeply concerned by the rise in antisemitism he’s seen in the last two years.

“People are scared,” he says. “Even when I go out here in Berlin, I look around myself and I try to not speak in Hebrew, and this is sad.

“It doesn’t need to be like this.”

Liora Furema says she is worried about her safety at Jewish events
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Liora Furema says she is worried about her safety at Jewish events

Authorities across Europe have warned about growing hate and violence against Jewish people since the October 7 attack.

The fatal synagogue attack in Manchester has added to the fear.

This week, Germany’s domestic intelligence chief said antisemitism had increased with sometimes open calls for attacks on Jewish institutions, while the country’s chancellor denounced the trend as “shameful”.

At the Berlin exhibition, Liora Furema says she’s worried about her safety as a Jewish student when she goes to university or to the synagogue.

“At any Jewish event, I think about my security,” she explained.

Omri says he is deeply concerned by the rise in antisemitism
Image:
Omri says he is deeply concerned by the rise in antisemitism

It’s hoped the ceasefire will be the beginning of the end of the war in Gaza, but the fear of antisemitism remains.

Rather than deepening the divisions, the organisers say the show is a reminder of the dangers of allowing hate to flourish. They now are focusing on healing.

“Our message is, we will dance again,” says Omri. “Whatever happened to us, we are standing and dancing again. Terror cannot beat us.”

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Donald Trump threatens to impose additional 100% tariff on ‘extraordinarily aggressive’ China

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Donald Trump threatens to impose additional 100% tariff on 'extraordinarily aggressive' China

Donald Trump has announced the US will impose an additional 100% tariff on China imports, accusing it of taking an “extraordinarily aggressive position” on trade.

In a post to his Truth Social platform on Friday, the US president said Beijing had sent an “extremely hostile letter to the world” and imposed “large-scale export controls on virtually every product they make”.

Mr Trump, who warned the additional tariffs would start on 1 November, said the US would also impose export controls on all critical software to China.

The president added that he was imposing the tariffs because of export controls placed on rare earths by China.

He wrote: “Based on the fact that China has taken this unprecedented position, and speaking only for the USA, and not other nations who were similarly threatened, starting November 1st, 2025 (or sooner, depending on any further actions or changes taken by China), the United States of America will impose a tariff of 100% on China, over and above any tariff that they are currently paying.

“It is impossible to believe that China would have taken such an action, but they have, and the rest is history. Thank you for your attention to this matter!”

President Trump says he sees no reason to see President Xi as part of a trip to South Korea. Pic: Reuters
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President Trump says he sees no reason to see President Xi as part of a trip to South Korea. Pic: Reuters

Mr Trump said earlier on Friday that there “seems to be no reason” to meet with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in a scheduled meeting as part of an upcoming trip to South Korea at the end of this month.

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He had posted: “I was to meet President Xi in two weeks, at APEC, in South Korea, but now there seems no reason to do so.”

Read more:
China tightens control of global rare earth supply
Three things you may have missed from China this week

The trip was scheduled to include a stop in Malaysia, which is hosting the Association of Southeast Asian Nations summit, a stop in Japan and then the stop to South Korea, where Mr Trump would meet Mr Xi ahead of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit.

Mr Trump added: “There are many other countermeasures that are, likewise, under serious consideration.”

The move signalled the biggest rupture in relations in six months between Beijing and Washington – the world’s biggest
factory and its biggest consumer.

It also threatens to escalate tensions between the two countries, prompting fears over the stability of the global economy.

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Sky’s Siobhan Robbins explains why Donald Trump didn’t receive the Nobel Peace Prize

Friday was Wall Street’s worst day since April, with the S&P 500 falling 2.7%, owing to fears about US-China relations.

China had restricted the access to rare earths ahead of the meeting between Presidents Trump and Xi.

Under the restrictions, Beijing would require foreign companies to get special approval for shipping the metallic elements abroad.

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