Rishi Sunak is shaking up the post-16 education system with a new qualification called the Advanced British Standard.
According to the government, this will be a “new Baccalaureate-style qualification” for 16 to 19 year-olds that would combine and replace A-Levels and T-Levels.
Downing Street has admitted introducing the reforms will take more than a decade to implement in full.
Here Sky News takes a look at how it will work.
What is the Advanced British Standard (ABS) ?
The ABS is a new qualification “that takes the best of A-levels and T Levels and brings them together into a single qualification”, the Department for Education (DfE) said.
Students will be able to study predominantly technical or academic components – or a blend of both.
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What subjects will pupils have to take?
Under the ABS, most students would study a minimum of five subjects at different levels– either major or minor (for example, three majors alongside two minors).
A major would be the equivalent of 90% of an A-level. It is not clear how much a minor would be worth.
Every pupil would be required to study some form of maths and English until age 18.
In some cases students can take four subjects if they choose “to focus on a specific occupation”, giving them time to take industry placements.
This could include doing “double major” in their occupational specialism alongside a core major in their chosen sector, alongside two minors.
There would be potential for “further ‘stretch'” for those who want to take four majors – similar to those who take four A-levels now.
What about pupils who struggle with maths and English?
Most pupils will study maths and English at major or minor level, but for those who struggle there will be an option to study the basic level they need to succeed in work and life.
This could include an essay-based subject where pupils can demonstrate written communication and understanding of the English language.
While English and maths will always be a requirement, those that want to take an academic route don’t have to take technical subjects.
For example, a pupil could take three majors in history, French and English, alongside minors in maths and geography.
How will it be graded?
The government has not decided how the new system will be graded. The DfE said it will “consider this carefully” so that employers and universities can understand individuals’ achievement.
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Under the plans, teaching time would be increased to a minimum of 1,475 hours over two years, which would be an extra 195 hours or 15% more than now for most students (equivalent to two and half hours per week).
The government has announced an initial investment of £600m over two years to prepare for the standard.
This includes funding for a tax-free bonus of up to £6,000 per year for those teaching key shortage subjects who are in the first five years of their career.
When will it be introduced?
The government has said the plans will take over a decade to deliver in full.
Pupils starting primary school this term are expected to be the first cohort to take the new qualification, giving a possible implementation date of 2034/35.
A consultation document will be issued next autumn, followed by a white paper next year setting out the reforms and how they can be implemented in further detail.
But with a general election expected by the end of next year, it is not clear how this could ultimately pan out.
Education unions said the promises of bonuses will not be enough to address the severity of the teacher recruitment and retention crisis.
Labour has called the reforms undeliverable and said it will focus on raising standards in state education if it gets into power.
Prince Harry has visited war victims in Ukraine as part of his work with wounded veterans, a spokesperson has said.
The Duke of Sussex was in central London this week for a Court of Appeal hearing over his security arrangements in the UK.
The visit on Thursday to Lviv in western Ukraine, which has frequently been targeted with Russian missiles, was not announced until after he was out of the country.
Image: Prince Harry visits Superhumans Center in Lviv. Pic: Superhumans Center
Harry, who served 10 years in the British Army, visited the Superhumans Center, an orthopaedic clinic in Lviv that treats and rehabilitates wounded military personnel and civilians.
The prince, 40, was accompanied by a contingent from his Invictus Games Foundation, including four veterans who have been through similar rehabilitation experiences.
Image: Harry at the rehabilitation centre in Lviv on Thursday. Pic: Superhumans Center
A spokesperson for the Duke of Sussex said Harry had been invited by the centre’s CEO, Olga Rudneva, a year ago, and at the Invictus Games Vancouver Whistler 2025, which took place in February.
Harry travelled to the centre, which offers prosthetics, reconstructive surgery and psychological help free of charge, to see first-hand the support they provide at an active time of war.
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Image: Prince Harry made an unannounced visit to Ukraine. Pic: Superhumans Center
The duke, who served two tours in Afghanistan, met patients and medical professionals while touring the centre, the spokesperson said.
During his trip to Ukraine, he also met members of the Ukrainian Invictus community, as well as Ukraine’s minister of veterans affairs, Natalia Kalmykova.
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Image: The Duke of Sussex was in London earlier this week.
Pic: PA
Helping wounded soldiers has been one of Harry’s most prominent causes, as he founded the Invictus Games in 2014 to offer wounded veterans the challenge of competing in sports events similar to the Paralympics.
Harry is the second member of the royal family to visit Ukraine since Russia launched a full-scale invasion of its smaller neighbour in February 2022.
His aunt, Sophie, the Duchess of Edinburgh, made an unannounced visit to Ukraine’s capital of Kyiv last year.
The government will fund any further local inquiries into the grooming gangs scandal that are deemed necessary, Sir Keir Starmer has said.
However, the prime minister said it is his “strong belief” that the focus must be on implementing recommendations from the Alexis Jay national review before more investigations go ahead.
It follows a row over whether Labour is still committed to the five local inquiries it promised in January, after safeguarding minister Jess Phillips failed to provide an update on them in a statement to parliament hours before it closed for recess on Tuesday.
Image: Sir Keir Starmer joins police officers on patrol in Cambridgeshire. Pic: PA
Instead, Ms Phillips told MPs that local authorities will be able to access a £5m fund to support locally-led work on grooming gangs.
On Thursday morning, Home Secretary Yvette Cooper insisted the “victim-centred, locally-led inquiries” will still go ahead, while a Home Office source told Sky News more could take place in addition to the five.
Speaking to Sky News’ Rob Powell later on Thursday, Sir Keir confirmed that there could be more inquiries than those five but said the government must also “get on and implement the recommendations we’ve already got”.
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The prime minister said: “Of course, if there’s further local inquiries that are needed then we will put some funding behind that, and they should happen.
“But I don’t think that simply saying we need more inquiries when we haven’t even acted on the ones that we’ve had is necessarily the only way forward.”
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Yvette Cooper speaks to Sky News
Ms Phillips’s earlier comments led to accusations that the government was diluting the importance of the local inquiries by giving councils choice over how to use the funds.
Sky News understands she was due to host a briefing with MPs this afternoon at 5pm – the second she had held in 24 hours – in an attempt to calm concern amongst her colleagues.
Review recommendations ‘sat on a shelf’
Sir Keir insisted he is not watering down his commitment for the five local enquiries, but said the Jay recommendations were “sitting on a shelf under the last government” and he is “equally committed” to them.
He added: “At the most important level, if there is evidence of grooming that is coming to light now, we need a criminal investigation. I want the police investigation because I want perpetrators in the dock and I want justice delivered.”
In October 2022, Professor Alexis Jay finished a seven-year national inquiry into the many ways children in England and Wales had been sexually abused, including grooming gangs.
Girls as young as 11were groomed and raped across a number of towns and cities in England over a decade ago.
Prof Jay made 20 recommendations which haven’t been implemented yet, with Sir Keir saying on Thursday he will bring 17 of them forward.
However, the Tories and Reform UK want the government to fund a new national inquiry specifically into grooming gangs, demands for which first started last year after interventions by tech billionaire Elon Musk on his social media platform X.
Image: Elon Musk has been critical of Labour’s response to grooming gangs and has called for a national inquiry. Pic: Reuters
‘Fuelling confusion’
Reform leader Nigel Farage said the statement made by Ms Phillips “was one of the most cowardly things I have ever seen” as he repeated calls for a fresh inquiry.
Robert Jenrick, the shadow justice secretary, also told Sky News that ministers were “fuelling confusion” and that the “mess.. could have been avoided if the government backed a full national inquiry – not this piecemeal alternative”.
Tory leader Kemi Badenoch said the government needed to look at “state failings” and she would try and force a fresh vote on holding another national inquiry, which MPs voted down in January.
‘Political mess’
As well as facing criticism from the Opposition, there are signs of a backlash within Labour over how the issue has been handled.
Labour MPs angry with government decision grooming gangs
With about an hour until the House of Commons rose for Easter recess, the government announced it was taking a more “flexible” approach to the local grooming gang inquiries.
Safeguarding minister Jess Philips argued this was based on experience from certain affected areas, and that the government is funding new police investigations to re-open historic cases.
Speaking on Times Radio, former chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission Sir Trevor Phillips called the move “utterly shameful” and claimed it was a political decision.
One Labour MP told Sky News: “Some people are very angry. I despair. I don’t disagree with many of our decisions but we just play to Reform – someone somewhere needs sacking.”
The government has insisted party political misinformation was fanning the flames of frustration in Labour.
The government also said it was not watering down the inquiries and was actually increasing the action being taken.
But while many Labour MPs have one eye on Reform in the rearview mirror, any accusations of being soft on grooming gangs only provides political ammunition to their adversaries.
One Labour MP told Sky News the issue had turned into a “political mess” and that they were being called “grooming sympathisers”.
On the update from Ms Phillips on Tuesday, they said it might have been the “right thing to do” but that it was “horrible politically”.
“We are all getting so much abuse. It’s just political naivety in the extreme.”
Ms Phillips later defended her decision, saying there was “far too much party political misinformation about the action that is being taken when everyone should be trying to support victims and survivors”.
“We are funding new police investigations to re-open historical cases, providing national support for locally led inquiries and action, and Louise Casey… is currently reviewing the nature, scale and ethnicity of grooming gangs offending across the country,” she said.
“We will not hesitate to go further, unlike the previous government, who showed no interest in this issue over 14 years and did nothing to progress the recommendations from the seven-year national inquiry when they had the chance.
“We will leave no stone unturned in pursuit of justice for victims and will be unrelenting in our crackdown on sick predators and perpetrators who prey on vulnerable children.”
The father of a grooming gang victim has told Sky News the government should be “ashamed” of itself over the confusion surrounding inquiries – accusing it of “messing around with survivors’ lives”.
Safeguarding minister Jess Phillips this week sparked fresh uncertainty over whether regional inquiries into grooming gangs – promised by the government in January – would go ahead.
But her comments have done little to reassure Marlon West, whose daughter Scarlett was a victim of sexual exploitation in Manchester.
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PM challenged on grooming gang inquiry timeline
Ms Phillips’s statement in parliament on Tuesday – which sparked criticism after it failed to mention the reviews – left survivors “so disappointed”, he said.
The uncertainty “makes you dizzy because you get hope and think ‘I’m getting somewhere now’ then they do a U-turn as they’ve done twice this week”, Mr West continued.
“I think they should be ashamed of themselves,” he said. “The government now are messing around with survivors’ lives and campaigners like me.”
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Govt denies ‘watering down’ grooming gang inquiries
Throughout her ordeal, Scarlett has “been let down by the local authority, by social workers, by the police force,” he said. “With the government, she’s just been let down again. That’s what’s cruel.”
Mr West added he is “really disappointed” in the government’s decision to push forward with the five regional inquiries instead of a statutory, national one.
Image: Mr West’s daughter Scarlett was a victim of sexual exploitation
He pointed out that police officers and professionals can refuse to give evidence at regional inquiries, whereas national ones can compel them to do so.
“With a statutory inquiry, it’d be more like a [legal] setting,” Mr West said. “Professionals will not be allowed to refuse interviews. They have to attend.
“It needs to [be in a] legal arena where they are compelled to give evidence.”
Image: Scarlett West
His comments came as the prime minister said the government is focussing on implementing the “hundreds” of recommendations from previous inquiries into grooming gangs.
Sir Keir Starmer said: “My strong belief is we’ve got to implement those recommendations.
“At the moment, and under the last government, they just stacked up and sat on a shelf. So they need to be implemented.”
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Both the prime minister and the home secretary have rejected claims the government’s pledge to hold “victim-centred, locally-led inquiries” is being “watered down”.
Asked by Sky News presenter Anna Jones if that was the case, Ms Cooper replied: “No, completely the opposite.
“What we’re doing is increasing the action we’re taking on this vile crime.”
Sir Keir separately said: “We put the money behind it. We’re not watering it down. We’re committed to that.
“But, I’m equally committed to implementing the recommendations that we’ve got.”