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Storms, floods and wildfires led to more than 43 million displacements of children between 2016 and 2021, UNICEF has said.

The UN agency also warned that 100 million more children could be displaced by extreme weather over the next 30 years.

Weather-related disasters, which are becoming more violent and frequent as greenhouse gases cause the Earth’s atmosphere to heat up, uprooted up to 20,000 children a day in 44 countries over the six-year period, with 95% of those from floods, according to the research.

UNICEF said it had measured the number of child displacements rather than the number of children, as the same person could be displaced more than once.

The true number was also likely to be higher as many cases went undocumented.

China and the Philippines were among the countries most affected because of large child populations that were exposed to extreme weather and because early-warning and evacuation measures had improved recently, meaning better reporting.

Relative to the child population size, those on small island states such as Dominica in the Caribbean and Vanuatu in Oceania were the most affected by storms, while children in Somalia and South Sudan in Africa were most affected by floods.

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Children ride on a makeshift raft after flooding on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao
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Children ride on a makeshift raft after flooding on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao

Flooding accounted for 40.9 million (95%) of child displacements during the period analysed, in part because of effective reporting and evacuation, while droughts caused 1.3 million internal displacements and wildfires triggered 810,000, with more than a third of those in 2020 alone.

Canada, Israel and the US recorded the most wildfire displacements, while Somalia recorded the most from drought.

UNICEF’s executive director Catherine Russell said: “It is terrifying for any child when a ferocious wildfire, storm or flood barrels into their community.

“For those who are forced to flee, the fear and impact can be especially devastating, with worry of whether they will return home, resume school, or be forced to move again.”

In a report called Children Displaced In A Changing Climate, UNICEF said that decisions to move may be abrupt, in the face of immediate danger, or the result of an evacuation where lives are saved but at the cost of having to face other dangers.

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Children play at a makeshift evacuation after flash floods in Quezon City in the Philippines
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Children play at a makeshift evacuation after flash floods in Quezon City in the Philippines

Many children at risk of climate displacement were in countries that were already struggling with conflict and poverty and local authorities were often unable to offer enough resources in support.

Using a risk model developed by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, UNICEF said that flooding from rivers had the potential to displace 96 million children over the next 30 years.

Based on other climate data, they said cyclones and storm surges could displace 10.3 million and 7.2 million children respectively over the same period, although the real number would be likely to be much higher as climate change brought more extreme weather more frequently.

“Moving may have saved their lives, but it’s also very disruptive. As the impacts of climate change escalate, so too will climate-driven movement,” Ms Russell said.

 Internally displaced children in Dollow, Somalia
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Internally displaced children in Dollow, Somalia

Katherine Nightingale, WaterAid’s global director of international affairs, said: “We have the tools and knowledge to respond to this escalating challenge for children, but we are acting far too slowly.

“We need to strengthen efforts to prepare communities, protect children at risk of displacement, and support those already uprooted.

“The climate crisis is a water crisis, with a staggering 90% of all natural disasters water-related and while all of us are feeling the effects, it’s the world’s most vulnerable who suffer the most.

“From flood defences to drought resistance, the solutions exist. But more investment is needed urgently to develop robust and reliable water, sanitation and hygiene systems which serve as a lifeline for communities who must defend themselves against climate uncertainty on a daily basis.”

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Overnight attacks in Russia and Ukraine as Zelenskyy eyes talks with Trump over peace plan

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Overnight attacks in Russia and Ukraine as Zelenskyy eyes talks with Trump over peace plan

Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelenskyy are set to hold talks over the Ukraine peace plan.

US and Ukrainian officials have held discussions in Geneva about a controversial 28-point proposal drawn up by America and Russia, which has since been countered by an amended deal drawn up by Kyiv’s European allies.

The White House said there were still a “couple of points of disagreement” as of Monday night, but spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt said there was a “sense of urgency” to strike an agreement.

“The president wants to see this deal come together, and to see this war end,” she added.

Mr Zelenskyy echoed that message, saying “there is still work for all of us to do to finalise the document”.

“We must do everything with dignity,” he said in his nightly video address, adding: “The sensitive issues, the most delicate points, I will discuss with President Trump.”

Karoline Leavitt speaks with reporters at the White House. Pic: AP
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Karoline Leavitt speaks with reporters at the White House. Pic: AP

It comes after Mr Trump, who had accused Ukraine of not being grateful enough for US military support while the Geneva talks were under way, suggested the process could be moving in the right direction.

He had earlier given Kyiv until Thursday to agree to the plan, but US Secretary of State Marco Rubio downplayed the deadline, saying officials could keep negotiating.

Moscow, however, has already signalled its opposition to the European version of the peace plan.

It would halt fighting at present front lines, leaving discussions of territory for later, and also include a NATO-style US security guarantee for Ukraine.

Read more:
Trump’s 28-point peace plan in full…
…and Europe’s 28-point counterproposal

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Russian drones devastate Kharkiv

The talks in Geneva, Switzerland, had begun with Mr Rubio denying the original plan was written by Russia.

It appeared to include a number of longstanding Kremlin demands that have proved impossible for Kyiv, including sacrificing territory Russian forces have not even seized since the war began.

Ms Leavitt has also insisted the US is not favouring the Russians.

Ukrainian troops fire near the frontline town of Pokrovsk. Pic: Reuters
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Ukrainian troops fire near the frontline town of Pokrovsk. Pic: Reuters

Starmer to lead talks of Ukraine’s allies

Ukraine’s allies in the so-called “coalition of the willing” will hold a virtual meeting today, chaired by Sir Keir Starmer.

The British prime minister said the alliance was focused on achieving a “just and lasting peace”.

It “matters for all of us, because the conflict in Ukraine has had a direct impact here in the UK”, he added.

Russia and Ukraine report overnight attacks

The talks will begin hours after the governor of Russia’s Rostov region reported three people had been killed and 10 more injured in a Ukrainian attack overnight.

The Russian defence ministry said 249 Ukrainian drones were downed over Russian regions in total.

Meanwhile, Russian drone strikes in Kyiv left at least two dead and triggered fires on residential buildings – forcing evacuations, and leaving several people injured.

Drone strikes rocked Kyiv in the early hours of Tuesday. Pic: Ukrainian emergency services/Telegram
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Drone strikes rocked Kyiv in the early hours of Tuesday. Pic: Ukrainian emergency services/Telegram

The war was also a topic of discussion in a call between Mr Trump and China’s Xi Jinping on Monday.

Mr Xi urged “all parties” in the conflict to “reduce differences”, according to Chinese state news agency Xinhua.

He reiterated that China supported all efforts conducive to peace.

China has remained a consistent ally of Russia throughout its invasion of Ukraine, and is the top buyer of Russian oil, along with India.

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Return to China ‘not an option’, Taiwan warns – as Xi mentions issue in phone call with Trump

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Return to China 'not an option', Taiwan warns - as Xi mentions issue in phone call with Trump

Taiwan’s prime minister has warned that a “return” to China is not an option.

Cho Jung-tai’s remarks came hours after President Xi Jinping mentioned the issue on a phone call with his US counterpart Donald Trump.

Mr Xi had described Taiwan’s return to mainland China as “an integral part of the post-war international order”.

But the island’s democratically elected government has rejected this – describing Taiwan as a “fully sovereign and independent country”.

“For the 23 million people of our nation, ‘return’ is not an option – this is very clear,” Mr Cho added.

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Is Taiwan ready for a Chinese invasion?

China has offered Taiwan a “one country, two systems” model, but this position is not supported by any mainstream political party.

Meanwhile, relations between Beijing and Tokyo recently plunged to fresh lows after Japan’s prime minister suggested any attack on Taiwan would spark a military response.

Sanae Takaichi’s remarks were swiftly denounced by China’s foreign ministry, which said Japan had “crossed a red line that should not have been touched”.

Sun Yun from the Stimson Centre thinktank said: “My best guess is China is worried about the escalation with Japan.

“The reference to Taiwan and the post-World War II order directly points to the spat with Japan over Taiwan.”

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Trump scores Xi meeting out of 10

The US has not taken a side when it comes to Taiwan’s sovereignty but is opposed to any use of force to seize the territory.

Mr Trump’s administration has also been ambiguous over whether it would deploy US troops if war broke out in the Taiwan Strait.

Yesterday, Taiwan’s defence ministry spotted a single balloon from China flying over the strait and claims this is part of a campaign of harassment by Beijing.

Chinese officials have previously dismissed these complaints, arguing the balloons are for meteorological purposes.

In other developments, Mr Trump has confirmed that he will visit Beijing in April – with Mr Xi set to travel to Washington for a state visit later in 2026.

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What did Xi and Trump’s meeting tell us?

Relations have improved in recent weeks after the pair met face to face in South Korea, with the US president moving to cut tariffs.

On Truth Social, he wrote: “Our relationship with China is extremely strong!”

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US hails ‘tremendous progress’ on Ukraine peace plan – but says negotiators ‘need more time’

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US hails 'tremendous progress' on Ukraine peace plan - but says negotiators 'need more time'

The US secretary of state has hailed a “tremendous amount of progress” on peace talks after the US and Ukraine delegations met in Geneva – but said that negotiators would “need more time”.

Marco Rubio said the meetings in Switzerland on Sunday have been “the most productive and meaningful” of the peace process so far.

He said the US was making “some changes” to the peace plan, seemingly based on Ukrainian suggestions, “in the hopes of further narrowing the differences and getting closer to something that both Ukraine and obviously the United States are very comfortable with”.

Mr Rubio struck an optimistic tone talking to the media after discussions but was light on the details, saying there was still work to be done.

US secretary of state Marco Rubio in Geneva after peace talks with Ukraine. Pic: Reuters
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US secretary of state Marco Rubio in Geneva after peace talks with Ukraine. Pic: Reuters

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Analysis: Rubio strikes an optimistic tone – but is light on detail

“I don’t want to declare victory or finality here. There’s still some work to be done, but we are much further ahead today at this time than we were when we began this morning and where we were a week ago for certain,” Mr Rubio said.

He also stressed: “We just need more time than what we have today. I honestly believe we’ll get there.”

Sky News’ defence analyst Michael Clarke said on the initial US-Russian 28-point peace plan that it was Donald Trump against the world, with maybe only Moscow on his side.

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Is Trump’s plan a ‘capitulation document’?

Mr Rubio praised the Ukrainian attitude towards the talks and said Mr Trump was “quite pleased” after he previously said in a social media post that Ukraine’s leaders had expressed “ZERO GRATITUDE” for US efforts.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in his nightly address on Sunday that there are signs that “President Trump’s team hears us”.

In a news release on Sunday evening, the White House said the day “marked a significant step forward”.

“Ukrainian representatives stated that, based on the revisions and clarifications presented today, they believe the current draft reflects their national interests and provides credible and enforceable mechanisms to safeguard Ukraine’s security in both the near and long term,” it claimed.

Despite diplomatic progress in Geneva the finish line remains a long way off


John Sparks

John Sparks

International correspondent

@sparkomat

We’ve witnessed a day of determined and decidedly frantic diplomacy in this well-heeled city.

Camera crews were perched on street corners and long convoys of black vehicles swept down Geneva’s throughfares as the Ukrainians worked hard to keep the Americans on side.

Secretary of state Marco Rubio did not want to go into details at a press “gaggle” held at the US Mission this evening, but he seemed to think they had made more progress in the last 96 hours than the previous 10 months combined.

The Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelenskyy also seemed satisfied enough, posting on Telegram that there were “signals President Trump’s team is hearing us” after a day of “numerous meetings and negotiations”.

That said, we are a long way from the finish line here – something Rubio acknowledged when he said that any proposal agreed here would have to be handed over to the Russians.

At that point, negotiations to stop the war would surely get tougher.

President Putin has shown little or no inclination to stop the conflict thus far.

This, then, is the most important reason the Ukrainians seem determined to keep the Americans on side.

European leaders have presented a counter proposal to the widely criticised US-Russian peace plan, with suggestions including a cap on Ukraine’s peacetime army and readmitting Moscow into the G8.

This will only take place if the plan is agreed to by the US, Russia and Ukraine, and the G7 signs off on the move. Russia was expelled after annexing Crimea in 2014.

The counter proposal also includes US guarantees to Ukraine that mirror NATO’s Article 5 – the idea that “an armed attack against one NATO member shall be considered an attack against them all”.

The initial peace plan was worked up by the White House and Kremlin without Ukraine’s involvement, and it acquiesces to many of Russia’s previous demands.

Read more:
Who actually wrote US-Russian peace plan for Ukraine?
In full: Europe’s 28-point counter proposal to US-Russia plan

It covers a range of issues – from territorial concessions to reconstruction programmes, the future Ukrainian relationship with NATO and the EU, and educational reforms in both Ukraine and Russia.

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