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False videos, pictures and information have sprung up on social media since Hamas’s deadly attack on Israel last weekend which sparked retaliation strikes on the Gaza Strip.

Fireworks displays, excerpts from video games and clips posted months ago are among the false material seen and shared by millions of people on sites like X, formerly Twitter, and TikTok, purporting to show scenes from the conflict.

Social media platforms are under pressure from the UK and EU governments to combat misinformation and violent content on their platforms following the Hamas raid in Israel on Saturday.

But countless false videos purporting to show events in Israel and Gaza remain easily accessible across TikTok, X, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube, with some clocking up tens of millions of views.

“It’s unlike anything we’ve ever seen before,” said Achiya Schatz, executive director of the Israeli fact-checking NGO Fake Reporter.

One of the most prolific videos we’ve seen falsely claiming to show events from the past few days is pictured below, showing fireworks in an urban area.

At the time of writing, a compilation of footage that uses this clip was the top liked video on TikTok when searching for the word “Gaza”.

The video has garnered 2.9 million likes and over 59 million views altogether.

It’s also been shared on other platforms. On X, multiple users posted the video falsely claiming it shows Israel bombing Gaza with phosphorus. Taken together, these posts have been viewed over a million times.

A reverse image search of the footage’s key frames, however, reveal that it had been shared on the internet before Saturday’s events unfolded.

One user posted it on TikTok on 2 October and another shared it on YouTube on 28 September – meaning the footage existed well before the conflict between Israel and Hamas started.

A series of very similar videos posted to X in June show celebrations in Algiers, Algeria after the win of the football team CR Belouzidad.

The clip was removed from TikTok after Sky News reported it to them.

But not all of the widely-shared false clips require as many steps to reveal them as unrelated to the situation in Israel and Gaza.

Another video shared on X by the American-Israeli lawyer and Republican representative Marc Zell claimed to show a Hamas militant with a Jewish girl he said had been kidnapped and taken to Gaza.

The clip he shared had been viewed over 1.1 million times, while two other posts that repeated the claims also garnered over one million views each.

The video comes with a TikTok watermark which states the name of the account the video was posted by. A brief search on the short form video app shows the video was posted by the user back in September – rendering the claim that it shows a kidnapped child in Gaza impossible.

The clip has since been deleted by its original poster, but it continues to be reshared elsewhere with the false context attached.

X has issued a “community note” on some of the most widely-shared iterations of the video on its platform, which is a comment underneath certain posts outlining further context.

If enough users add notes with additional information underneath a particular post, the note will appear visible to all who read it.

The "Community Note" shared under Mr Zell's post. Pic: X
Image:
The ‘Community Note’ shared under Marc Zell’s post. Pic: X

In this case, users were advised that the clip posted by Mr Zell is unrelated to the conflict in Israel and Gaza. However, other posts using the video and false information remain on X without this additional context.

X today said that its community notes team had been bolstered after the EU issued a warning regarding the spread of misinformation on its platform.

Computer-generated material taken from video games has also proliferated online in the days since the latest fighting in Israel and Gaza broke out.

Sky News found one clip – originally from the combat game Arma 3 – shared on X, TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube all claiming to show Hamas militants shooting down Israeli helicopters.

A close look at the video displays clear signs that it is computer generated. The objects lack shadows, and appear cartoonish.

A reverse image search of one of the video’s keyframes alongside the word “video game” reveals images of similar scenes from a game called Arma 3.

A search for the terms “Arma 3 helicopter shot down” reveal a series of clips, including one posted on YouTube February 2023 that matches the clip claimed to be from Gaza.

The same clip from the video game Arma 3 was posted on YouTube shorts in February of this year. Pic: YouTube
Image:
The same clip from the video game Arma 3 was posted on YouTube shorts in February of this year. Pic: YouTube

On X, the most-viewed posts that use the video carry a community note explaining that the video is not from Israel or Gaza.

However, they’ve still amassed millions of views on the platform. One post has garnered over 2.6 million, while another clip also from Arma 3 but purporting to show Gaza has clocked up over 10.9 million views.

‘It’s like nothing we’ve ever seen before’

Achiya Schatz is the executive director of the NGO Fake Reporter, a disinformation watchdog in Israel that asks users to report online falsehoods to them.

He says the amount of misinformation and hateful material surfacing online in the days since the attacks is remarkable.

“It’s like nothing we’ve ever seen before,” he told Sky News.

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Debunking myths of misinformation online

Schatz says that the lack of communication from the Israeli government during the Hamas attack’s initial stages created an information void that, combined with the shock of the attack, became filled with false information and conspiracy theories.

“In terms of the reports we receive from the public, X is definitely at the top,” he told Sky News.

Many of the most widely-shared posts we encountered in our research were made by accounts subscribed to X Premium, the paid-for service that offers users perks including content promotion and financial compensation for posts that perform well.

Using the social listening platform TalkWalker, Sky News analysed the top posts across X, TikTok and YouTube that used the Arabic hashtag “Al Aqsa Flood” – the name given by Hamas to Saturday’s attack.

The post using the hashtag with the highest engagement was from an X Premium user making the unsubstantiated claim that the Emir of Qatar had threatened to halt global gas supplies if the bombing of Gaza did not cease.

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This unsubstantiated claim received the highest engagement of any post under the Arabic hashtag for ‘Al Aqsa Flood’. Pic: X

“It was claimed that the Premium option would reduce malicious content. But the truth is, we see paid services that are carrying conspiracies and messages promoting violence. It seems like the structure of content moderation is not sufficiently built and capable to serve the users,” he said.

Meta and X have responded to pressure from the UK and EU regarding the proliferation of misinformation on their platforms, with both companies saying they are putting additional resources towards addressing the situation.

Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram, says it is investigating the material found by Sky News.

X did not respond to a request for comment.


The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

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Cost of long term UK government borrowing hits fresh 27-year high

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Cost of long term UK government borrowing hits fresh 27-year high

After hitting the highest level this century on Tuesday, the cost of long term UK government borrowing has now hit a fresh 27-year high.

The interest rate demanded by investors on the state’s long-dated borrowing (30-year bonds) rose to just below 5.75%, surpassing the 5.72% peak reached on Tuesday, pushing it to a high not seen since May 1998.

 

It comes as the government auctioned off these long-term loans on Tuesday and was forced to pay a premium to do so.

Issuing bonds is a routine way states raise money.

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As well as meaning the state has to pay more to borrow money, high interest rates on debt can signify reduced investor confidence in the ability of the UK to pay back these loans.

As the trading session continued, the interest rates on long-term government bonds, known as gilt yields, fell back to just above 5.66%, not enough to erase two days of rises.

The benchmark for state borrowing costs, the interest rate on 10-year bonds, also saw rises. The yield rose above 4.8% for the first time since January, before slightly falling back

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Why did UK debt just get more expensive?

The spiked borrowing cost also continued to cause a weakening in the pound.

After an initial fall to a month-long low against the dollar, one pound again buys $1.34.

It means sterling goes less far in dollars than before the latest peak in interest rates on government bonds. On Monday, sterling could buy $1.35.

Sterling dropped to equal €1.14 before easing up to €1.15. Just a few months earlier, a pound could buy €1.19 before Donald Trump’s April country-specific tariff announcements.

So why has this happened?

Government borrowing costs have been rising across the world amid a sell-off in bonds – which prompts investors to look for a higher return to hold them.

High inflation and national debts have increased concern about whether states can pay back the money.

Japan’s long-term borrowing cost hit a record high, while the yield on the US’s benchmark 10-year bond hit the 5% mark for the first time since July.

UK bond yields tend to follow the US.

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Key to easing UK borrowing costs was the announcement of the date of the budget on Wednesday morning.

UK public finances had been a worry for markets as Chancellor Rachel Reeves struggles to stick to her fiscal rules to bring down the debt and balance the budget.

Disquiet around comparatively low growth in the UK economy also played a role.

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Telegraph buyers take step towards £500m deal with Whitehall filing

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Telegraph buyers take step towards £500m deal with Whitehall filing

The American investors who have agreed to become the new owners of The Daily Telegraph have edged closer to gaining control of the newspaper by formally notifying the government of the deal.

Sky News understands that lawyers acting for RedBird Capital Partners, which will own a majority stake in the publisher if the deal is approved, submitted their detailed proposals to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) in the last few days.

The filing means that Lisa Nandy, the culture secretary, must decide whether to issue a new Public Interest Intervention Notice (PIIN) which would trigger further investigations into the takeover.

The notification by RedBird Capital’s lawyers should pave the way for the lifting of an interim enforcement order (IEO) imposed by Lucy Frazer, the then Conservative culture secretary, in December 2023, which prevented the acquirers from exerting any control over the Telegraph.

Insiders believe that the removal of the IEO will result in the DCMS issuing a new PIIN, which would prompt investigations by Ofcom and the Competition and Markets Authority into the £500m takeover.

A previous PIIN was issued in January 2024 when RedBird intended to buy the Telegraph titles in conjunction with Abu Dhabi state-controlled investor IMI.

Following a fraught legislative battle, IMI is now restricted to owning a maximum 15% stake in the newspapers – which it intends to acquire as part of the RedBird-led consortium.

Sky News has already revealed that Sir Leonard Blavatnik, owner of the DAZN sports streaming platform, and Daily Mail proprietor Lord Rothermere are preparing to buy minority stakes as part of the RedBird-led transaction.

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RedBird said in May that it was “in discussions with select UK-based minority investors with print media expertise and strong commitment to upholding the editorial values of the Telegraph”.

The Telegraph’s ownership has been in a state of limbo for nearly two-and-a-half years after its parent company was forced into insolvency by Lloyds Banking Group, which ran out of patience with the Barclay family, the newspaper’s long-standing owner.

RedBird IMI, a joint venture between the two firms, paid £600m in 2023 to acquire a call option that was intended to convert into ownership of the Telegraph newspapers and The Spectator magazine.

The Spectator was sold last year for £100m to Sir Paul Marshall, the hedge fund billionaire, who has installed Lord Gove, the former cabinet minister, as its editor.

In July, the House of Lords approved legislation that will allow IMI, which is controlled by Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the vice-president of the United Arab Emirates and ultimate owner of Manchester City Football Club, to hold a minority stake.

Other bidders had tried to gatecrash the Telegraph deal, with the field of rival contenders led by Dovid Efune, the owner of The New York Sun.

His key backer – the hedge fund founder Jeremy Hosking – recently told Sky News their bid was “ready to go” if the RedBird-led transaction fell apart.

Announcing its agreement to acquire the Telegraph titles in May, Gerry Cardinale, founder of RedBird Capital, said it marked the “start of a new era” for two of Britain’s most prominent newspapers.

Mr Cardinale said after the Lords vote: “With legislation now in place, we will move quickly and in the forthcoming days work with DCMS to progress to completion and implement new ownership for The Telegraph.”

Senior Telegraph executives and journalists are said to be frustrated at the pace of the process.

None of the parties involved in the Telegraph ownership situation would comment, while the DCMS declined to comment.

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Hundreds of jobs at risk as retailer Bodycare braces for administration

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Hundreds of jobs at risk as retailer Bodycare braces for administration

More than a thousand high street jobs will be put at risk this week when Bodycare, the health and beauty retailer, is forced to call in administrators.

Sky News has learnt that Bodycare, which was founded on a Lancashire market stall more than half a century ago, is expected to appoint administrators from Interpath Advisory as soon as Friday.

Bodycare, which specialises in selling fragrances, toiletries, cosmetics and skincare products, employs about 1,500 people and trades from nearly 150 stores across the country.

The chain’s collapse into insolvency proceedings is likely to trigger a further effort by Interpath to find a buyer for parts of the business.

The company is owned by Baaj Capital, a family office run by Jas Singh.

Baaj, which is considered a likely candidate to buy Bodycare back from the administrators, counts In The Style among its other investments.

The firm also attempted to take over The Original Factory Shop earlier this year before its offer was trumped by Modella Capital, another specialist retail investor.

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Bodycare’s deepening crisis comes just weeks after the retailer secured a £7m debt facility to buy it short-term breathing space.

The facility was secured against Bodycare’s retail inventory, according to a statement in July.

Bodycare was established by Graham and Margaret Blackledge in Skelmersdale in 1970, and sells branded products made by the likes of L’Oreal, Nivea and Elizabeth Arden.

The chain was profitable before the pandemic, but like many retailers, lost millions of pounds in the financial years immediately after it hit.

Bodycare received financial support from the taxpayer in the form of a multimillion-pound loan issued under one of the Treasury’s pandemic funding schemes.

The chain is run by retail veteran Tony Brown, who held senior roles at BHS and Beales, the now-defunct department store groups.

Bodycare is the latest high street chain to face collapse this year, amid intensifying complaints from the industry about tax increases announced in last autumn’s Budget.

In recent weeks, River Island and Poundland both narrowly avoided administration after winning creditor approval for restructuring plans involving store closures and job losses.

Baaj has been contacted for comment, while Interpath declined to comment.

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