The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is open to using a central bank digital currency (CBDC) as the future of money, where state-issued digital money would represent a tokenized form of central bank reserves.
In a speech titled “A Tokenised Future for the Australian Financial System,” Brad Jones, assistant governor (financial system) of the RBA, talked about the opportunities and challenges arising from the tokenization of assets and money in the digital age while shedding light on the proposed plan to use CBDCs as a form of money.
Jones started his speech by outlining the use of different forms of money throughout history and how financial instruments have evolved over time. While talking about tokenization and tokenized forms of money in the modern era, Jones mentioned stablecoins and CBDCs.
He stated that stablecoins issued by “well-regulated financial institutions and that are backed by high-quality assets (i.e., government securities and central bank reserves) could be widely used to settle tokenized transactions;“ however, due to lack of regulatory guidelines, stablecoins issued by private parties often come with increased risk. On the other hand, CBDCs in the form of tokenized bank deposits could become a good form of transaction settlement, according to Jones.
The assistant governor added that introducing tokenized bank deposits would represent a minor change to current practice given that deposits issued by various banks are already widely exchanged and settled (at par) across the central bank balance sheet. A payment between two parties using tokenized deposits would still be settled via a transfer of exchange settled (or wholesale CBDC) balances between the payer and payee bank.
Jones also shared some of the findings from the central bank’s pilot CBDC program findings, including a range of areas where CBDC could add value in wholesale payments, such as facilitating atomic settlement in tokenized asset markets. The pilot project also highlighted opportunities for a wholesale CBDC to complement new forms of privately issued digital money, namely tokenized bank deposits and asset-backed stablecoins.
Sir Keir Starmer has admitted his decision to increase defence spending was “accelerated” by Donald Trump taking office.
The prime minister said today’s announcement was “three years in the making” after Russia invaded Ukraine – but a “very changed context” pushed him forward.
While this honours a Labour manifesto commitment, ministers have previously been tight-lipped about when the new target would be reached – with today’s decision coming ahead of a meeting between Sir Keir and Mr Trump in Washington on Thursday.
Asked by Sky News political editor Beth Rigby if Mr Trump had “bounced” him into setting out a timeline, given he has long called for European countries to boost defence spending, the prime minister said: “I think in our heart of hearts, we’ve all known that this decision has been coming for three years, since the beginning of the conflict in Ukraine.
“The last few weeks have accelerated my thinking on when we needed to make this announcement.”
However, he denied Mr Trump was effectively setting UK government policy, saying the defence spending increase is “very much my decision” and he has been “arguing for some time” that Europe and the UK “needed to do more”.
“I have pushed our system to move this date forward because I think it’s vital that we take the decision now, that we rise to the occasion and we show the leadership that’s needed across Europe, in response to a very changed context,” he said.
Image: Sir Keir Starmer
The UK currently spends 2.3% of GDP on defence, with the jump to 2.5% meaning £13.4bn more will be spent annually on defence from 2027.
Sir Keir said he wants that figure to reach 3% of gross domestic product during the next parliament, but that would depend on Labour winning the next election.
Farage ‘fawning over Putin’
Asked if he is “Nigel Farage is disguise”, given the Reform UK leader has previously vowed to increase defence spending but cut the foreign aid budget, Sir Keir said: “Nigel Farage didn’t even turn up to the debate in parliament today. Nigel Farage is fawning over Putin. That’s not patriotism.
“What I’ve done is take the duty of the prime minister seriously, which is to ensure that our citizens are safe and secure.”
Image: Nigel Farage addresses the Conservative Political Action Conference in Maryland Pic: Reuters
Sir Keir’s announcement comes as Europe reels from a shift in US foreign policy, with the White House making clear it is no longer prepared to bankroll the defence of other NATO members.
Last week also saw an exchange of words between Mr Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, after officials from Washington and Moscow held peace talks without anyone from Kyiv or Europe present.
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Ukraine war three years on
‘Desertion of leadership’
Sir Keir announced the government would cut back on foreign aid to fund the increase, reducing current spending from 0.5% of GDP to 0.3% – in a move that has angered some charities.
Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch welcomed the measure and said she had written to the prime minister over the weekend to suggest how he could redirect money from the overseas development budget.
But former Tory defence secretary Ben Wallace said an extra 0.2% was “a staggering desertion of leadership”.
“Tone deaf to dangers of the world and demands of the United States,” he wrote on X.
“Such a weak commitment to our security and nation puts us all at risk.”
The platform called the move a “huge win for DeFi” after reports have suggested the SEC may be radically changing its approach to crypto enforcement in 2025.