Federal Reserve Board governor Michelle Bowman shared her views on financial innovation in a speech at Harvard Law School on Oct. 17. Bowman has spoken several times on the topic, and her position seems to be growing more bearish.
Bowman spoke at length about central bank digital currency (CBDC) and stablecoin. She also considered “unified ledger” technology and distributed ledger technology as a bridge between existing systems, as well as ways to improve existing technology. She repeated questions she has raised before about the need for such innovations and suggested that banks can play a role in preventing government overreach:
“The U.S. intermediated banking model helps to insulate consumer financial activities from unnecessary government overreach, and I believe this is an appropriate model for future financial innovation.”
Bowman, a Republican, is echoing concerns that are increasingly heard among politicians, from congresspeople to governors, although she did not elaborate on exactly how banks prevent overreach.
A CBDC could lead to bank disintermediation if not “properly” designed, she said. Moreover, the financial system faces issues such as “frictions within the payment system, promoting financial inclusion, and providing the public with access to safe central bank money,” but she saw no compelling arguments for the superiority of CBDC over other alternatives.
In particular, Bowman saw no advantage in CBDCs over the FedNow service introduced in July. The Fed has stated that it would not issue a U.S. dollar CBDC without a congressional mandate.
Bowman also reiterated her call for a regulatory framework for financial innovation on the principle of the same regulation for the same risks. The low level of regulation of stablecoins was her main argument against their use.
Speech by Governor Bowman on responsible innovation in money and payments: https://t.co/gkYjDmRVYO
Some frictions in the payment system are there by design, according to Bowman. “Perceived payment limitations do not always stem from problems with existing technology, but rather from existing policies, laws, and even consumer and business preferences,” she said, mentioning Anti-Money Laundering and prevention of overreach as examples.
Bowman spoke up for research, including on CBDC. In this respect, she has broken with some politicians. “The Federal Reserve remains open to multiple options to improve the payments landscape,” she said.
According to the US Department of Justice, Wolf Capital’s co-founder has pleaded guilty to wire fraud conspiracy for luring 2,800 crypto investors into a Ponzi scheme.
Making Britain better off will be “at the forefront of the chancellor’s mind” during her visit to China, the Treasury has said amid controversy over the trip.
Rachel Reeves flew out on Friday after ignoring calls from opposition parties to cancel the long-planned venture because of market turmoil at home.
The past week has seen a drop in the pound and an increase in government borrowing costs, which has fuelled speculation of more spending cuts or tax rises.
The Tories have accused the chancellor of having “fled to China” rather than explain how she will fix the UK’s flatlining economy, while the Liberal Democrats say she should stay in Britain and announce a “plan B” to address market volatility.
However, Ms Reeves has rejected calls to cancel the visit, writing in The Times on Friday night that choosing not to engage with China is “no choice at all”.
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On Friday, Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy defended the trip, telling Sky News that the climbing cost of government borrowing was a “global trend” that had affected many countries, “most notably the United States”.
“We are still on track to be the fastest growing economy, according to the OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] in Europe,” she told Anna Jones on Sky News Breakfast.
“China is the second-largest economy, and what China does has the biggest impact on people from Stockton to Sunderland, right across the UK, and it’s absolutely essential that we have a relationship with them.”
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10:32
Nandy defends Reeves’ trip to China
However, former prime minister Boris Johnson said Ms Reeves had “been rumbled” and said she should “make her way to HR and collect her P45 – or stay in China”.
While in the country’s capital, Ms Reeves will also visit British bike brand Brompton’s flagship store, which relies heavily on exports to China, before heading to Shanghai for talks with representatives across British and Chinese businesses.
It is the first UK-China Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) since 2019, building on the Labour government’s plan for a “pragmatic” policy with the world’s second-largest economy.
Sir Keir Starmer was the first British prime minister to meet with China’s President Xi Jinping in six years at the G20 summit in Brazil last autumn.
Relations between the UK and China have become strained over the last decade as the Conservative government spoke out against human rights abuses and concerns grew over national security risks.
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2:45
How much do we trade with China?
Navigating this has proved tricky given China is the UK’s fourth largest single trading partner, with a trade relationship worth almost £113bn and exports to China supporting over 455,000 jobs in the UK in 2020, according to the government.
During the Tories’ 14 years in office, the approach varied dramatically from the “golden era” under David Cameron to hawkish aggression under Liz Truss, while Rishi Sunak vowed to be “robust” but resisted pressure from his own party to brand China a threat.
The Treasury said a stable relationship with China would support economic growth and that “making working people across Britain secure and better off is at the forefront of the chancellor’s mind”.
Ahead of her visit, Ms Reeves said: “By finding common ground on trade and investment, while being candid about our differences and upholding national security as the first duty of this government, we can build a long-term economic relationship with China that works in the national interest.”