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For more than half a century, I have been studying the shifting relations between white and Black Americans. My first journal article, published in 1972, when I was a graduate student at the University of Chicago, was about Black political power in the industrial Midwest after the riots of the late 1960s. My own experience of race relations in America is even longer. I was born in the Mississippi Delta during World War II, in a cabin on what used to be a plantation, and then moved as a young boy to northern Indiana, where as a Black person in the early 1950s, I was constantly reminded of my place, and of the penalties for overstepping it. Seeing the image of Emmett Tills dead body in Jet magazine in 1955 brought home vividly for my generation of Black kids that the consequences of failing to navigate carefully among white people could even be lethal.Explore the November 2023 Issue

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For the past 16 years, I have been on the faculty of the sociology department at Yale, and in 2018 I was granted a Sterling Professorship, the highest academic rank the university bestows. I say this not to boast, but to illustrate that I have made my way from the bottom of American society to the top, from a sharecroppers cabin to the pinnacle of the ivory tower. One might think that, as a decorated professor at an Ivy League university, I would have escaped the various indignities that being Black in traditionally white spaces exposes you to. And to be sure, I enjoy many of the privileges my white professional-class peers do. But the Black ghettoa destitute and fearsome place in the popular imagination, though in reality it is home to legions of decent, hardworking familiesremains so powerful that it attaches to all Black Americans, no matter where and how they live. Regardless of their wealth or professional status or years of law-abiding bourgeois decency, Black people simply cannot escape what I call the iconic ghetto.

I know I havent. Some years ago, I spent two weeks in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, a pleasant Cape Cod town full of upper-middle-class white vacationers and working-class white year-rounders. On my daily jog one morning, a white man in a pickup truck stopped in the middle of the road, yelling and gesticulating. Go home! he shouted.

Who was this man? Did he assume, because of my Black skin, that I was from the ghetto? Is that where he wanted me to go home to?

From the May 1994 issue: Elijah Anderson on the code of the streets

This was not an isolated incident. When I jog through upscale white neighborhoods near my home in Connecticut, white people tense upunless I wear my Yale or University of Pennsylvania sweatshirts. When my jogging outfit associates me with an Ivy League university, it identifies me as a certain kind of Black person: a less scary one who has passed inspection under the white gaze. Strangers with dark skin are suspect until they can prove their trustworthiness, which is hard to do in fleeting public interactions. For this reason, Black students attending universities near inner cities know to wear college apparel, in hopes of avoiding racial profiling by the police or others.

I once accidentally ran a small social experiment about this. When I joined the Yale faculty in 2007, I bought about 20 university baseball caps to give to the young people at my family reunion that year. Later, my nieces and nephews reported to me that wearing the Yale insignia had transformed their casual interactions with white strangers: White people would now approach them to engage in friendly small talk.When I jog through upscale white neighborhoods near my home, white people tense upunless I wear my Yale or Penn sweatshirt.

But sometimes these signifiers of professional status and educated-class propriety are not enough. This can be true even in the most rarefied spaces. When I was hired at Yale, the chair of the sociology department invited me for dinner at the Yale Club of New York City. Clad in a blue blazer, I got to the club early and decided to go up to the fourth-floor library to read The New York Times. When the elevator arrived, a crush of people was waiting to get on it, so I entered and moved to the back to make room for others. Everyone except me was white.

As the car filled up, I politely asked a man of about 35, standing by the controls, to push the button for the library floor. He looked at me andemboldened, I have to imagine, by drinks in the bar downstairssaid, You can read? The car fell silent. After a few tense moments, another man, seeking to defuse the tension, blurted, Ive never met a Yalie who couldnt read. All eyes turned to me. The car reached the fourth floor. I stepped off, held the door open, and turned back to the people in the elevator. Im not a Yalie, I said. Im a new Yale professor. And I went into the library to read the paper.

I tell these stories and Ive told them beforenot to fault any particular institution (Ive treasured my time at Yale), but to illustrate my personal experience of a recurring cultural phenomenon: Throughout American history, every moment of significant Black advancement has been met by a white backlash. After the Civil War, under the aegis of Reconstruction, Black people for a time became professionals and congressmen. But when federal troops left the former Confederate states in 1877, white politicians in the South tried to reconstitute slavery with the long rule of Jim Crow. Even the Black people who migrated north to escape this new servitude found themselves relegated to shantytowns on the edges of cities, precursors to the modern Black ghetto.

All of this reinforced what slavery had originally established: the Black bodys place at the bottom of the social order. This racist positioning became institutionalized in innumerable ways, and it persists today.

I want to emphasize that across the decades, many white Americans have encouraged racial equality, albeit sometimes under duress. In response to the riots of the 1960s, the federal governmentled by the former segregationist Lyndon B. Johnsonpassed far-reaching legislation that finally extended the full rights of citizenship to Black people, while targeting segregation. These legislative reformsand, especially, affirmative action, which was implemented via LBJs executive order in 1965combined with years of economic expansion to produce a long period of what I call racial incorporation, which substantially elevated the income of many Black people and brought them into previously white spaces. Yes, a lot of affirmative-action efforts stopped at mere tokenism. Even so, many of these tokens managed to succeed, and the result is the largest Black middle class in American history.To survive in white workplaces, Black newcomers must perform an elaborate dance in which they demonstrate their distance from the ghetto.

Over the past 50 years, according to a study by the Pew Research Center, the proportion of Black people who are low-income (less than $52,000 a year for a household of three) has fallen seven points, from 48 to 41 percent. The proportion who are middle-income ($52,000 to $156,000 a year) has risen by one point, to 47 percent. The proportion who are high-income (more than $156,000 a year) has risen the most dramatically, from 5 to 12 percent. Overall, Black poverty remains egregiously disproportionate to that of white and Asian Americans. But fewer Black Americans are poor than 50 years ago, and more than twice as many are rich. Substantial numbers now attend the best schools, pursue professions of their choosing, and occupy positions of power and prestige. Affirmative action worked.

But that very success has inflamed the inevitable white backlash. Notably, the only racial group more likely to be low-income now than 50 years ago is whitesand the only group less likely to be low-income is Black.

Read: Five decades of white backlash

For some white people displaced from their jobs by globalization and deindustrialization, the successful Black person with a good job is the embodiment of whats wrong with America. The spectacle of Black doctors, CEOs, and college professors out of their place creates an uncomfortable dissonance, which white people deal with by mentally relegating successful Black people to the ghetto. That Black man who drives a new Lexus and sends his children to private schoolhe must be a drug kingpin, right?

In predominantly white professional spaces, this racial anxiety appears in subtler ways. Black people are all too familiar with a particular kind of interaction, in the guise of a casual watercooler conversation, the gist of which is a sort of interrogation: Where did you come from?; How did you get here?; and Are you qualified to be here? (The presumptive answer to the last question is clearly no; Black skin, evoking for white people the iconic ghetto, confers an automatic deficit of credibility.)

Black newcomers must signal quickly and clearly that they belong. Sometimes this requires something as simple as showing a company ID that white people are not asked for. Other times, a more elaborate dance is required, a performance in which the worker must demonstrate their propriety, their distance from the ghetto. This can involve dressing more formally than the job requires, speaking in a self-consciously educated way, and evincing a placid demeanor, especially in moments of disagreement.

From the November 2018 issue: The personal cost of Black success

As part of my ethnographic research, I once embedded in a major financial-services corporation in Philadelphia, where I spent six months observing and interviewing workers. One Black employee I spoke with, a senior vice president, said that people of color who wanted to climb the management ladder must wear the right uniform and work hard to perform respectability. Theyre never going to envision you as being a white male, he told me, but if you can dress the same and look a certain way and drive a conservative car and whatever else, theyll say, This guy has a similar attitude, similar values [to we white people]. Hes a team player. If you dont dress with the uniform, obviously youre on the wrong team.

This need to constantly perform respectability for white people is a psychological drain, leaving Black people spent and demoralized. They typically keep this demoralization hidden from their white co-workers because they feel that they need to show they are not whiners. Having to pay a Black tax as they move through white areas deepens this demoralization. This tax is levied on people of color in nice restaurants and other public places, or simply while driving, when the fear of a lethal encounter with the police must always be in mind. The existential danger this kind of encounter poses is what necessitates The Talk that Black parentsfearful every time their kids go out the door that they might not come back alivegive to their children. The psychological effects of all of this accumulate gradually, sapping the spirit and engendering cynicism.

Even the most exalted members of the Black elite must live in two worlds. They understand the white elites mores and values, and embody them to a substantial extentbut they typically remain keenly conscious of their Blackness. They socialize with both white and Black people of their own professional standing, but also members of the Black middle and working classes with whom they feel more kinship, meeting them at the barbershop, in church, or at gatherings of long-standing friendship groups. The two worlds seldom overlap. This calls to mind W. E. B. Du Bois double consciousnessa term he used for the first time in this publication, in 1897referring to the dual cultural mindsets that successful African Americans must simultaneously inhabit.

From the August 1897 issue: W. E. B. Du Bois Strivings of the Negro People

For middle-class Black people, a certain fluidityabetted by family connectionsenables them to feel a connection with those at the lower reaches of society. But that connection comes with a risk of contagion; they fear that, meritocratic status notwithstanding, they may be dragged down by their association with the hood.

When I worked at the University of Pennsylvania, some friends of mine and I mentored at-risk youth in West Philadelphia.

One of these kids, Kevin Robinson, who goes by KAYR (pronounced K.R.), grew up with six siblings in a single-parent household on public assistance. Two of his sisters got pregnant as teenagers, and for a while the whole family was homeless. But he did well in high school and was accepted to Bowdoin College, where he was one of five African Americans in a class of 440. He was then accepted to Dartmouths Tuck School of Business, where he was one of 10 or so African Americans in an M.B.A. class of roughly 180. He got into the analyst-training program at Goldman Sachs, where his cohort of 300 had five African Americans. And from there he ended up at a hedge fund, where he was the lone Black employee.

Whats striking about Robinsons accomplishments is not just the steepness of his rise or the scantness of Black peers as he climbed, but the extent of cultural assimilation he felt he needed to achieve in order to fit in. He trimmed his Afro. He did a pre-college program before starting Bowdoin, where he had sushi for the first time and learned how to play tennis and golf. Let me look at how these people live; let me see how they operate, he recalls saying to himself. He decided to start reading The New Yorker and Time magazine, as they did, and to watch 60 Minutes. I wanted people to see me more as their peer versus someone from the hood. I wanted them to see me as, like, Hey, look, hes just another middle-class Black kid.? When he was about to start at Goldman Sachs, a Latina woman who was mentoring him there told him not to wear a silver watch or prominent jewelry: ?KAYR, go get a Timex with a black leather band. Keep it very simple Fit in.? My friends and I had given him similar advice earlier on.

All of this worked; he thrived professionally. Yet even as he occupied elite precincts of wealth and achievement, he was continually getting pulled back to support family in the ghetto, where he felt the need to code-switch, speaking and eating the ways his family did so as not to insult them.

The year he entered Bowdoin, one of his younger brothers was sent to prison for attempted murder, and a sister who had four children was shot in the face and died. Over the years he would pay for school supplies for his nieces and nephews, and for multiple family funeralsall while keeping his family background a secret from his professional colleagues. Even so, he would get subjected to the standard indignitiesbeing asked to show ID when his white peers were not; enduring the (sometimes obliviously) racist comments from colleagues (You dont act like a regular Black). He would report egregious offenses to HR but would usually just let things go, for fear that developing a reputation as a race guy would restrict his professional advancement.

Robinsons is a remarkable success story. He is 40 now; he owns a property-management company and is a multimillionaire. But his experience makes clear that no matter what professional or financial heights you ascend to, if you are Black, you can never escape the iconic ghetto, and sometimes not even the actual one.

The most egregious intrusion of a Black person into white space was the election (and reelection) of Barack Obama as president. A Black man in the White House! For some white people, this was intolerable. Birthers, led by Donald Trump, said he was ineligible for the presidency, claiming falsely that he had been born in Kenya. The white backlash intensified; Republicans opposed Obama with more than the standard amount of partisan vigor. In 2013, at the beginning of Obamas second term, the Supreme Court gutted the Voting Rights Act, which ad protected the franchise for 50 years. Encouraged by this opening, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas moved forward with voter-suppression laws, setting a course that other states are now following. And this year, the Supreme Court outlawed affirmative action in college admissions. I want to tell a story that illustrates the social gains this puts at risk.

Many years ago, when I was a professor at Penn, my father came to visit me. Walking around campus, we bumped into various colleagues and students of mine, most of them white, who greeted us warmly. He watched me interact with my secretary and other department administrators. Afterward, Dad and I went back to my house to drink beer and listen to Muddy Waters.

So youre teaching at that white school? he said.

Yeah.

You work with white people. And you teach white students.

Yeah, but they actually come in all colors, I responded. I got his point, though.

Well, let me ask you one thing, he said, furrowing his brow.

Whats that, Dad?

Do they respect you?

After thinking about his question a bit, I said, Well, some do. And some dont. But you know, Dad, it is hard to tell which is which sometimes.

Oh, I see, he said.

He didnt disbelieve me; it was just that what hed witnessed on campus was at odds with his experience of the typical Black-white interaction, where the subordinate status of the Black person was automatically assumed by the white one. Growing up in the South, my dad understood that white people simply did not respect Black people. Observing the respectful treatment I received from my students and colleagues, my father had a hard time believing his own eyes. Could race relations have changed so much, so fast?

Read: A 1999 interview with Elijah Anderson on his book Code of the Street

They hadin large part because of what affirmative action, and the general processes of racial incorporation and Black economic improvement, had wrought. In the 1960s, the only Black people at the financial-services firm I studied would have been janitors, night watchmen, elevator operators, or secretaries; 30 years later, affirmative action had helped populate the firm with Black executives. Each beneficiary of affirmative action, each member of the growing Black middle class, helped normalize the presence of Black people in professional and other historically white spaces. All of this diminished, in some incremental way, the power of the symbolic ghetto to hold back people of color.

Too many people forget, if ever they knew it, what a profound cultural shift affirmative action effected. And they overlook affirmative actions crucial role in forestalling social unrest.

Some years ago, I was invited to the College of the Atlantic, a small school in Maine, to give the commencement address. As I stood at the sink in the mens room before the event, checking the mirror to make sure all my academic regalia was properly arrayed, an older white man came up to me and said, with no preamble, What do you think of affirmative action?

I think its a form of reparations, I said.

Well, I think they need to be educated first, he said, and then walked out.

I was so provoked by this that I scrambled back to my hotel room and rewrote my speech. Id already been planning to talk about the benefits of affirmative action, but I sharpened and expanded my case, explaining that it not only had lifted many Black people out of the ghetto, but had been a weapon in the Cold War, when unaligned countries and former colonies were trying to decide which superpower to follow. Back then, Democrats and some Republicans were united in believing that affirmative action, by demonstrating the countrys commitment to racial justice and equality, helped project American greatness to the world.

Beyond that, I said to this almost entirely white audience, affirmative action had helped keep the racial unrest of the 60s from flaring up again. When the kinthe mothers, fathers, cousins, nephews, sons, daughters, baby mamas, uncles, auntsof ghetto residents secure middle-class livelihoods, those ghetto relatives hear about it. This gives the young people who live there a modicum of hope that they might do the same. Hope takes the edge off distress and desperation; it lessens the incentives for people to loot and burn. What opponents of affirmative action fail to understand is that without a ladder of upward mobility for Black Americans, and a general sense that justice will prevail, a powerful nurturer of social concord gets lost.

Yes, continuing to expand the Black professional and middle classes will lead to more instances of the dance, and the loaded interrogations, and the other awkward moments and indignities that people of color experience in white spaces. But the greater the number of affluent, successful Black people in such places, the faster this awkwardness will diminish, and the less power the recurrent waves of white reaction will have to set people of color back. I would like to believe that future generations of Black Americans will someday find themselves as pleasantly surprised as my dad once was by the new levels of racial respect and equality they discover.

This article appears in the November 2023 print edition with the headline Black Success, White Backlash.

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Business

Tesla shares sink as Musk launches political party

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Tesla shares sink as Musk launches political party

Shares in Elon Musk’s Tesla have reversed sharply over renewed concerns about his focus on the company’s recovery as he plots against Donald Trump.

Shares in the electric car firm plunged by more than 7% at the start of trading on Wall Street – taking about $71bn (£52bn) off its market value.

The stock has often come under pressure since Musk started his association with the president, latterly helping bring down federal government costs through a new department known as DOGE (Department of Government Efficiency).

Money latest: Call centre worker’s tips for getting discounts

But it is now suffering as their political relationship has soured.

Musk has publicly opposed the so-called “big, beautiful bill” – Mr Trump’s flagship tax cut and spending plans that received Congressional approval last week – since he left his DOGE role.

Musk wrote in a post on his X platform on 30 June: “It is obvious with the insane spending of this bill, which increases the debt ceiling by a record FIVE TRILLION DOLLARS that we live in a one-party country – the PORKY PIG PARTY!!”

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Once the bill was passed, he created a poll on X, asking people if they would want him to launch the America Party.

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Musk v Trump: ‘The Big, Beautiful Breakup’

He wrote on 4 July: “Independence Day is the perfect time to ask if you want independence from the two-party (some would say uniparty) system!”

The vote ended with 65.4% in favour of creating the party.

The formation of the America Party was announced the following day.

“By a factor of 2 to 1, you want a new political party and you shall have it! When it comes to bankrupting our country with
waste & graft, we live in a one-party system, not a democracy.”

“Today, the America Party is formed to give you back your freedom,” Musk posted.

Trump responded on his Truth Social account: “I am saddened to watch Elon Musk go completely ‘off the rails,’ essentially becoming a TRAIN WRECK over the past five weeks.

“He even wants to start a Third Political Party, despite the fact that they have never succeeded in the United States –
The System seems not designed for them.”

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Trump threatens to ‘put DOGE’ on Musk

Trump has previously threatened to go after Tesla‘s government subsidies and contracts through the DOGE department to save “big” as their relationship deteriorated.

Such threats have also pressured the share price at Tesla.

It has suffered throughout Trump 2.0 and, in fact, has trended lower since last December – shortly after Mr Trump’s election win was confirmed.

Read more:
The Trump-Musk bust-up that everyone knew was coming
Musk hits out at Tesla succession claim

The possibility of tariff hits to the business, followed by actual tariff disruption, along with a consumer and investor backlash against Musk’s previous DOGE role have contributed to a 35% decline on the December peak.

The very absence of Tesla’s CEO dragged on the shares.

Tesla sales suffered globally as the trade war ramped up due to the imposition of tariffs by a government he supported, until the public row between him and the president began in early June.

Musk had only just renewed his 100% focus on Tesla and his other business interests by that time.

Tesla sales were down during the presidential election campaign last year and continued to decline, on a quarterly basis, during the first half of 2025.

Neil Wilson, UK investor strategist at Saxo Markets, said of the company’s share price woes: “Investors are worried about two things – one is more Trump ire affecting subsidies and the other more importantly is a distracted Musk.

“Investors had cheered Musk stepping back from frontline politics but are now worried he’s going to sucked back in and take his eye off Tesla.”

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Hyundai Ioniq 9 first drive: Stylish SUV outside, spacious and versatile 3-row minivan inside

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Hyundai Ioniq 9 first drive: Stylish SUV outside, spacious and versatile 3-row minivan inside

Hyundai flew us out to Savannah, Georgia, a few weeks ago to get our first impressions of the much-anticipated Ioniq 9 three-row SUV. The vehicle uses the same E-GMP platform as the Kia EV9 and some smaller HMG EVs but the real question is: how is the Ioniq 9 different? Let’s take a look…

Size matters

This is a big EV with spacious three rows that seat six or seven adults comfortably. As far as I am concerned,the Ioniq 9 is Hyundai’s flagship vehicle.

The drive was similar to the Kia EV9, which is obviously a good thing. The big vehicle has solid electric acceleration, and Hyundai has done great work with the suspension to make this heavy car feel light on its toes. But Hyundai has made efforts to make the drive even smoother and quieter. The foam-filled tires, soft suspension, acoustic glass, and active noise cancellation all make the ride feel like floating rather than driving.

Front-row seats are not only spacious but also offer ample comfort and legroom. Also, there’s plenty of legroom in the second row (42.8 inches) and spacious third row (32.0 inches). Did I mention this is a big vehicle?

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What stands out to me on the interior is the flat floor enabled by the E-GMP battery and remarkably long wheelbase (3,130mm / 123.2 inches). It doesn’t feel like an SUV inside, it feels like a big minivan (oxymoron noted). While many folks are embarrassed to be seen in a minivan, nothing beats the configuration internally for trips and driving more than 4 people around – so the comparison is fully complimentary.

Hyundai obviously kitted us out with their top-end interiors, and they definitely felt sporty and luxurious.

Frunk

The Frunk o the Ioniq 9 isn’t anything to write home about and one of the few downsides to this vehicle. Hyundai of course says that their customers don’t want it, just like the bigger Frunk-maker’s say that their customers love it. For better or worse, it is a great place to put some charging cables, a tire inflator kit or some valuables but don’t expect it to be used frequently like a Tesla/Rivian or F-150/Silverado Frunk for groceries and general purpose cargo.

I really love the look of the Ioniq 9, which the company says is shaped like a sailboat hull with its big taper at the back. That also gives the Ioniq an otherworldly low drag coefficient of 0.259. That, along with the big 110kWh battery and Hyundai’s always efficient EVs, gets this thing to 335 miles for the RWD version. The performance AWD variant only drops down to 311 miles, a hit worth taking.

That range and the spacious interior mean that this is a great road trip EV. AWD versions can even tow up to 5000lbs. HMG’s software adjusts range predictions based on towing. Aerodynamics and efficiency of the trailer will all determine how much range is sacrificed but with over 300 miles to start with, odds are it will get you where you are towing.

NACS charging

The Ioniq 9 is one of the first non-Tesla EVs to come standard with a NACS charger, meaning it can natively charge at most Tesla Superchargers. Hyundai also includes an adapter so it can charge at CCS Combo stations and use a J-1772 Level1/2 charger.

Exterior

I am torn on the exterior look of the Ioniq 9. I love the shape, which Hyundai says is reminiscent of the aerodynamic hull of a sailing ship. I love the pixel lights that have become iconic in Hyundai’s EV lineup. Even the overall silhouette, something that Hyundai calls “Aerosthetic”—a harmonious blend of aerodynamics and aesthetics— is pretty incredible.

But I don’t love some of the design ornaments–like the cutout pieces over the front and back wheels. While I realize that seems like a nit-pick, I can’t unsee it. It is more subdued in the darker colors, however.

Pricing: starts at $58,955 for the RWD S trim and goes up to $76,490 for the Performance Calligraphy Design AWD trim. Eligible for $7500 Federal tax credit and various state/local and utility discounts.

Electrek’s take

I really love this take on the 3rd row electric SUV. Would I take the Ioniq 9 off-road like a Rivian? No. Does it accelerate like a Telsa Model X? No.

However, it does everything most third-row SUV owners expect, and it does it quietly and effortlessly. For those looking for a luxurious 3-row electric SUV with an interior that rivals the comfort of a minivan, you have to put the Hyundai Ioniq 9 at the top of your list.

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Technology

Trump advisor Navarro rips Apple’s Tim Cook for not moving production out of China fast enough

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Trump advisor Navarro rips Apple's Tim Cook for not moving production out of China fast enough

Peter Navarro: 'Inconceivable' that Apple could not produce iPhones outside China

White House trade advisor Peter Navarro chastised Apple CEO Tim Cook on Monday over the company’s response to pressure from the Trump administration to make more of its products outside of China.

“Going back to the first Trump term, Tim Cook has continually asked for more time in order to move his factories out of China,” Navarro said in an interview on CNBC’s “Squawk on the Street.” “I mean it’s the longest-running soap opera in Silicon Valley.”

CNBC has reached out to Apple for comment on Navarro’s criticism.

President Donald Trump has in recent months ramped up demands for Apple to move production of its iconic iPhone to the U.S. from overseas. Apple’s flagship phone is produced primarily in China, but the company has increasingly boosted production in India, partly to avoid the higher cost of Trump’s tariffs.

Trump in May warned Apple would have to pay a tariff of 25% or more for iPhones made outside the U.S. In separate remarks, Trump said he told Cook, “I don’t want you building in India.”

Read more CNBC tech news

Analysts and supply chain experts have argued it would be impossible for Apple to completely move iPhone production to the U.S. By some estimates, a U.S.-made iPhone could cost as much as $3,500.

Navarro said Cook isn’t shifting production out of China quickly enough.

“With all these new advanced manufacturing techniques and the way things are moving with AI and things like that, it’s inconceivable to me that Tim Cook could not produce his iPhones elsewhere around the world and in this country,” Navarro said.

Apple currently makes very few products in the U.S. During Trump’s first term, Apple extended its commitment to assemble the $3,000 Mac Pro in Texas.

In February, Apple said it would spend $500 billion within the U.S., including on assembling some AI servers.

WATCH: Apple’s $500 billion investment: For AI servers not manufacturing iPhones

Apple's $500 billion U.S. investment: For AI servers not manufacturing iPhones

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