Connect with us

Published

on

Memory chips are at the center of all devices, helping store and access data in smartphones, computers and the servers training generative artificial intelligence models.

Just three companies make more than 90% of the world’s dynamic random-access memory, or DRAM, chips. With Samsung and SK Hynix both headquartered in South Korea, Idaho-based Micron is the only manufacturer in the U.S. — that has made it the latest target of China’s bans on U.S. technologies.

About a quarter of Micron’s revenue comes from China, and “about half that revenue is at risk,” Micron CEO Sanjay Mehrotra told CNBC in an interview.

Meanwhile, Micron is doubling down on U.S. manufacturing. Its current leading-edge chips are made in Japan and Taiwan, but Micron is aiming to bring advanced memory production to the U.S. starting in 2026 with a new $15 billion chip fabrication plant in Boise, Idaho. Micron celebrated its 45th anniversary in October by pouring the first cement at the new fab.

The facility is located next to Micron’s huge research and development facility, where CNBC got a behind-the-scenes tour.

Micron’s existing research and development facility in Boise, Idaho, shown here on Oct. 6, 2023.

Ben Farrar

“Memory is very cost-sensitive and we have to get economies of scale to mass produce our chips on a level that meets the market demands,” said Scott Gatzemeier, Micron’s corporate vice president of front end U.S. expansion.

DRAM and NAND memory chips are a cheaper type of semiconductor than the high-powered central processing units from Intel and AMD and graphics processing units that sparked Nvidia’s growth. But multiple memory chips are needed to support each GPU or CPU, so making memory requires more fab space. 

That’s why Micron is planning the biggest chip project in U.S. history, spending $100 billion over 20 years to build four 600,000 square foot fabs in upstate New York.

Mehrotra told CNBC that Micron’s goal is to vastly increase the U.S. share of DRAM production, which he said currently sits at just 2%. That production comes from Micron’s fab in Manassas, Virginia. The company is getting assistance from the federal CHIPS and Science Act, which offers billions of dollars to incentivize domestic production.

“With Micron’s investments through CHIPS support in Boise, Idaho, as well as in Syracuse, New York, that 2% over the course of nearly 20 years will be changing to about 15% of the worldwide production coming from the U.S.,” Mehrotra said.

The U.S. share of overall chip manufacturing has plummeted from 37% to 12% in the last three decades, largely because it costs at least 20% more to build and operate a new fab in the U.S. than in Asia. Labor is also cheaper there, the supply chain is more accessible and government incentives have been far greater. That’s why the CHIPS and Science Act set aside $52.7 billion for companies that manufacture in the U.S. 

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., co-sponsored the bill.

“When it came to chips so essential to everything we do, we had lost that edge,” Schumer told CNBC in an interview. “And if we didn’t get back that edge, not just on chips but on science broadly, we would no longer be the No. 1 economic power in the world.”

Micron and at least 460 other companies have applied for funds from the CHIPS Act. States are also offering incentives to entice chip companies. Micron told CNBC it’s eligible for up to $5.5 billion from the state of New York for the four fabs it’s building just north of Syracuse. New York Gov. Kathy Hochul signed the state’s Green CHIPS Act into law last year.

“If they hadn’t passed the CHIPS and Science Act first, I don’t think it would have been as many incentives as necessary,” Hochul said. “I knew I had to woo them, talk about our incentives, but also we get out of it 50,000 jobs. That’s a good deal for us any day of the week.”

These promises come on the heels of a major price slump for memory chips, which led to layoffs at Micron and SK Hynix, and resulted in Samsung slashing production. Now, Micron is betting big that the memory market will grow.

“The large language learning models and other things like that continue to increase large demand,” Gatzemeier said.

“We’re now moving into things like FaceTime, higher resolution images, movies on demand,” he said. “All of that requires more and more memory to be made available.”

Micron says construction in New York will begin at the end of 2024 and chip production there will start in 2027. With both Idaho and New York fabs online, Mehrotra told CNBC that Micron plans to increase the share of chips it makes in the U.S. from 10% to nearly 60% in the next two decades.

Micron CEO Sanjay Mehrotra shows CNBC’s Katie Tarasov a 300mm silicon wafer at the memory company’s San Jose office on Oct. 2, 2023.

Kent Kessinger

‘Feast or famine’

Micron was founded in 1978 by three chip engineers, along with one of their twin brothers, in the basement of a dental office in Boise. By 1980, it was building its first fab and a year later was pumping out a revolutionarily small 64K DRAM chip. These chips, used for storing bits of data that can be quickly accessed by a CPU, ended up in many of the early PCs.

Gatzemeier, who joined as an intern in 1997, explained the two main kinds of memory: DRAM and NAND.

DRAM is “volatile memory, which means that when the power is removed, it loses all of its information. It’s very fast but has to be, and it sits near the CPU and it’s used for real-time processing,” he said. “NAND flash memory is what’s in your SSDs or your storage cards. And NAND flash is nonvolatile, meaning it’ll still store your memory even when the power’s removed.”

Micron went public in 1984. Memory was a crowded field, but over the years, it has whittled down to just three top players. 

“The name of the game is high performance and low cost at the same time,” said Patrick Moorhead, CEO of Moor Insights and Strategy. “Otherwise, you’re going to be blasted out of the market.”

When it comes to the biggest type of memory, DRAM, Samsung is by far the leader, followed by SK Hynix and then Micron. Micron has made 11 acquisitions since 1998, including Texas Instruments‘ memory division, Numonyx, Elpida and Inotera.

“For a very long period, they had not invested in a new fab,” said Gaurav Gupta, an analyst at Gartner. “But they were still able to retain their market share by acquiring other smaller memory firms, which were either going out of business or bankrupt.”

Unlike many kinds of chips, memory wasn’t in short supply during the chip shortage. Micron and its competitors saw a major upswing in the pandemic-fueled boom in consumer electronics. Micron’s profits then fell significantly due to weakened demand for PCs and smartphones and a chip oversupply that led to lower prices. It’s a downturn that has affected much of the chip industry

“When I look at this market over the past 30 years, it’s always feast or famine,” Moorhead said. “We have an oversupply now. But guess what? Give it a couple of months and we will be in an undersupply and prices will go up.”

Even amid the downturn, Mehrotra is optimistic about the growth of Micron’s smartphone business. It supplies memory in phones from Apple, Motorola, Asus and more.

“The mix of smartphones is going more and more toward higher-end smartphones, toward the flagship smartphones, which require more memory as well,” Mehrotra said. “When we look ahead at 2024, we actually expect that year-over-year total worldwide smartphone unit sales will increase.”

Micron is also focused on rapid growth markets such as automotive and AI. The next generation of its most advanced product, High Bandwidth Memory, is set for volume production next year. HBM helps AI models such as ChatGPT remember past conversations and user preferences to generate more humanlike responses.

“It is able to pack 50% more memory capacity in a memory cube,” Mehrotra said. “It is able to give you 50% faster performance and is able to give you about 2.5 times better power and performance efficiency. And these are all the elements that are critically important in AI applications.”

Banned in China

Micron is facing one major specific challenge. In May, China’s cybersecurity administration banned some of its sales to key China infrastructure projects, saying it failed a security review. Last year, the U.S. barred chip companies from supplying China with certain key technologies.

“Micron is absolutely just a pawn in this game right now,” Moorhead said. “They weren’t the first and they were not the last.”

Mehrotra offers a more diplomatic approach.

“It’s very important for U.S. and China to provide an environment to the businesses so that they can invest in a predictable manner,” he said. “And what I can also tell you is that Micron, of course, is totally committed to bringing the value of its technology and products and manufacturing scale to the benefit of our customers across various end markets in China.”

Meanwhile, Micron has started construction on a $2.75 billion assembly and test facility in India.

“Micron is obviously trying to diversify its base,” Gartner’s Gupta said. “It has testing and packaging facilities in China. And obviously they are trying to move, diversify out of China.”

China can still rely on chips from Samsung, SK Hynix and smaller Chinese memory makers. That’s because memory is considered a commodity, meaning it’s relatively easy to switch between products from different companies. But that’s not guaranteed to last.

“When we get back to the boom days and Hynix and Samsung can’t fulfill all the volumes, you might see China diving back into Micron and suddenly lifting any restrictions,” Moorhead said.

Moorhead added that China’s cybersecurity risk accusation about Micron is “a front.”

“Compared to a CPU or a GPU system, it’s pretty hard to embed something nefarious into something like storage or memory,” he said. “That would be technology that I have never heard of.”

Schumer led a delegation of senators to visit China in October for a rare meeting with President Xi Jinping, in part to discuss the ban on Micron.

“We think China was being very nasty about this to Micron,” Schumer told CNBC ahead of the visit. “China’s upset with the Biden administration’s very smart prohibition of selling certain types of chip manufacturing equipment to China. But we’re going to stick up for Micron.”

This also isn’t the first time Micron has been at the center of U.S.-China tensions. In 2018, the U.S. accused Chinese chip company Fujian Jinhua of stealing intellectual property from Micron, a claim the Chinese company denied.

With no slowdown in geopolitical tension, Micron is instead focusing on U.S. expansion. Water and power were both significant reasons Micron settled on New York for its biggest project.

A rendering of Micron’s planned four memory chip fabs it will build north of Syracuse, New York, spending $100 billion over the next 20 years.

Micron

“Not just the Finger Lakes, but two Great Lakes: Lake Erie and Lake Ontario,” Hochul said. “There’s plentiful water and low-cost power generated primarily by hydroelectric and wind and solar. So we’re ready for it. We know it’s going to be a transition, but that’s what we want to do.”

Micron said each of its new fabs will use the equivalent of 25 Olympic-size swimming pools worth of water each day, with a goal of reusing or recycling 75% of that. Micron will also use the same amount of energy required to power some 25,000 homes.

“The energy costs are, interestingly enough, lower in the United States than most parts of the world,” Moorhead said. “People are more expensive in the United States, and so is the materials and the cost to build that factory. But that gap is narrowing over time.”

In Arizona, the world’s advanced chip leader, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, recently blamed a shortage of skilled labor for delays to its massive $40 billion fab under construction.

“That won’t happen in New York because we already have a legacy,” Hochul said. “We have Wolfspeed, we have GlobalFoundries. So this is not a new industry to us.”

Micron runs a Chip Camp in Boise for middle schoolers, which Gatzemeier’s daughter attended over the summer, and is investing in university programs to feed the pipeline for future semiconductor engineers.

“We’re actively starting our hiring ramp now,” Gatzemeier said. “We’ve started aggressively targeting all the universities. We’re also really going to draw on the global resources that Micron has across the world and bring in some of that semiconductor expertise to help train these new team members.”

Continue Reading

Technology

Navan sets price range for IPO, expects market cap of up to $6.5 billion

Published

on

By

Navan sets price range for IPO, expects market cap of up to .5 billion

FILE PHOTO: Ariel Cohen during a panel at DLD Munich Conference 2020, Europe’s big innovation conference, Alte Kongresshalle, Munich.

Picture Alliance for DLD | Hubert Burda Media | AP

Navan, a developer of corporate travel and expense software, expects its market cap to be as high as $6.5 billion in its IPO, according to an updated regulatory filing on Friday.

The company said it anticipates selling shares at $24 to $26 each. Its valuation in that range would be about $3 billion less than where private investors valued Navan in 2022, when the company announced a $300 million funding round.

CoreWeave, Circle and Figma have led a resurgence in tech IPOs in 2025 after a drought that lasted about three years. Navan filed its original prospectus on Sept. 19, with plans to trade on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “NAVN.”

Last week, the U.S. government entered a shutdown that has substantially reduced operations inside of agencies including the SEC. In August, the agency said its electronic filing system, EDGAR, “is operated pursuant to a contract and thus will remain fully functional as long as funding for the contractor remains available through permitted means.”

Cerebras, which makes artificial intelligence chips, withdrew its registration for an IPO days after the shutdown began.

Navan CEO Ariel Cohen and technology chief Ilan Twig started the company under the name TripActions in 2015. It’s based in Palo Alto, California, and had around 3,400 employees at the end of July.

For the July quarter, Navan recorded a $38.6 million net loss on $172 million in revenue, which was up about 29% year over year. Competitors include Expensify, Oracle and SAP. Expensify stock closed at $1.64on Friday, down from its $27 IPO price in 2021.

Navan ranked 39th on CNBC’s 2025 Disruptor 50 list, after also appearing in 2024.

WATCH: Brex CEO on Navan partnership

We developed 'best in class' enterprise travel expense solution, says Brex CEO on Navan partnership

Continue Reading

Technology

Tech megacaps lose $770 billion in value as Nasdaq suffers steepest drop since April

Published

on

By

Tech megacaps lose 0 billion in value as Nasdaq suffers steepest drop since April

Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia, speaking with CNBC’s Jim Cramer during a CNBC Investing Club with Jim Cramer event at the New York Stock Exchange on Oct. 7th, 2025.

Kevin Stankiewicz | CNBC

Shares of Amazon, Nvidia and Tesla each dropped around 5% on Friday, as tech’s megacaps lost $770 billion in market cap, following President Donald Trump’s threats for increased tariffs on Chinese goods.

With tech’s trillion-dollar companies occupying an increasingly large slice of the U.S. market, their declines send the Nasdaq down 3.6% and the S&P 500 down 2.7%. For both indexes, it was the worst day since April, when Trump said he would slap “reciprocal” duties on U.S. trading partners.

After market close on Friday, Trump declared in a social media post that the U.S. would impose a 100% tariff on China and on Nov. 1 it would apply export controls “on any and all critical software.”

Amazon, Nvidia and Tesla all slipped about 2% in extended trading following the post.

The president’s latest threats are disrupting, at least briefly, what had been a sustained rally in tech, built on hundreds of billions of dollars in planned spending on artificial intelligence infrastructure.

Read more CNBC tech news

In late September, Nvidia, which makes graphics processing units for training AI models, became the first company to reach a market cap of $4.5 trillion. Nvidia alone saw its market capitalization decline by nearly $229 billion on Friday.

OpenAI counts on Nvidia’s GPUs from a series of cloud suppliers, including Microsoft. OpenAI is only seeing rising demand.

In September it introduced the Sora 2 video creation app, and this week the company said the ChatGPT assistant now boasts over 800 million weekly users. But Microsoft must buy infrastructure to operate its cloud data centers. Microsoft’s market cap dropped by $85 billion on Friday.

The sell-off wiped out Amazon’s gains for the year. That stock is now down 2% so far in 2025. It competes with Microsoft to rent out GPUs from its cloud data centers, but it doesn’t have major business with OpenAI. The online retailer is now worth $121 billion less than it was on Thursday.

“There continues to be a lot of noise about the impact that tariffs will have on retail prices and consumption,” Amazon CEO Andy Jassy told analysts in July. “Much of it thus far has been wrong and misreported. As we said before, it’s impossible to know what will happen.”

Tesla, which introduced lower-priced vehicles on Tuesday, saw its market capitalization sink by $71 billion.

The automaker reports third-quarter results on Oct. 22, with Microsoft earnings scheduled for the following week. Nvidia reports in November.

Google parent Alphabet and Facebook owner Meta fell 2% and almost 4%, respectively.

WATCH: Pres. Trump: Calculating massive increase of tariffs on Chinese products into U.S.

Pres. Trump: Calculating massive increase of tariffs on Chinese products into U.S.

Continue Reading

Technology

Govini, a defense tech startup taking on Palantir, hits $100 million in annual recurring revenue

Published

on

By

Govini, a defense tech startup taking on Palantir, hits 0 million in annual recurring revenue

Govini, a defense tech software startup taking on the likes of Palantir, has blown past $100 million in annual recurring revenue, the company announced Friday.

“We’re growing faster than 100% in a three-year CAGR, and I expect that next year we’ll continue to do the same,” CEO Tara Murphy Dougherty told CNBC’s Morgan Brennan in an interview. With how “big this market is, we can keep growing for a long, long time, and that’s really exciting.”

CAGR stands for compound annual growth rate, a measurement of the rate of return.

The Arlington, Virginia-based company also announced a $150 million growth investment from Bain Capital. It plans to use the money to expand its team and product offering to satisfy growing security demands.

In recent years, venture capitalists have poured more money into defense tech startups like Govini to satisfy heightened national security concerns and modernize the military as global conflict ensues.

The group, which includes unicorns like Palmer Luckey’s Anduril, Shield AI and artificial intelligence beneficiary Palantir, is taking on legacy giants such as Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman, that have long leaned on contracts from the Pentagon.

Read more CNBC tech news

Dougherty, who previously worked at Palantir, said she hopes the company can seize a “vertical slice” of the defense technology space.

The 14-year-old Govini has already secured a string of big wins in recent years, including an over $900-million U.S. government contract and deals with the Department of War.

Govini is known for its flagship AI software Ark, which it says can help modernize the military’s defense tech supply chain by better managing product lifecycles as military needs grow more sophisticated.

“If the United States can get this acquisition system right, it can actually be a decisive advantage for us,” Dougherty said.

Looking ahead, Dougherty told CNBC that she anticipates some setbacks from the government shutdown.

Navy customers could be particularly hard hit, and that could put the U.S. at a major disadvantage.

While the U.S. is maintaining its AI dominance, China is outpacing its shipbuilding capacity and that needs to be taken “very seriously,” she added.

Continue Reading

Trending