The Federal Reserve Board continues to research a central bank digital currency (CBDC), or at least adjacent technologies, Vice Chair Michael Barr said on Oct. 27. He also touched on stablecoins at the Economics of Payments XII Conference, where his English colleague Sir Jon Cunliffe made his last speech as deputy governor of the Bank of England (BOE).
The Fed’s research is currently focused on “end-to-end system architecture,” such as ledgers and tokenization and custody models for an intermediated CBDC, Barr said in Washington. Barr repeated the Fed mantra of no digital dollar without a congressional mandate, but added that “learning from both domestic and international experimentation can aid decisionmakers in understanding how we can best support responsible innovation.”
Barr’s remarks are not controversial on the surface, but they bring to mind Representative Tom Emmer’s call for an end to the Fed’s “sketchy” CBDC research made in the House of Representatives in September.
Cunliffe, whose 10-year term in office ends on Oct. 31, spoke at the conference a day earlier. He, too, emphasized that no decision has been made in his country on a CBDC. But he said a consultation paper published in February “concluded that current trends and technological advances in payments […] made it likely that a Digital Pound would be needed by the end of the decade.”
The Deputy Governor of the BOE Sir Jon Cunliffe hiding his excitement of the coming CBDC
The consultation paper received 50,000 responses, Cunliffe said. Privacy, programmability and the decline of cash were the top concerns among commenters. Further:
“I would observe, if only a little tongue in cheek, that criticisms of the Digital Pound have ranged from concerns that it would […] disintermediate the banking system and threaten financial stability, to, at the same time, concerns that there would be no use for it and it would be a ‘solution looking for a problem.’”
Cunliffe envisioned that “private companies would be able to integrate and programme the Digital Pound, as the settlement asset, into the services they would offer to wallet holders.” The BOE will respond in “the coming months,” he added.
Cunliffe promised that the BOE would soon issue a discussion paper on stablecoin regulation. Barr also mentioned stablecoins, saying regulation was necessary. An asset of that type “borrows the trust of the central bank,” he said.
According to the US Department of Justice, Wolf Capital’s co-founder has pleaded guilty to wire fraud conspiracy for luring 2,800 crypto investors into a Ponzi scheme.
Making Britain better off will be “at the forefront of the chancellor’s mind” during her visit to China, the Treasury has said amid controversy over the trip.
Rachel Reeves flew out on Friday after ignoring calls from opposition parties to cancel the long-planned venture because of market turmoil at home.
The past week has seen a drop in the pound and an increase in government borrowing costs, which has fuelled speculation of more spending cuts or tax rises.
The Tories have accused the chancellor of having “fled to China” rather than explain how she will fix the UK’s flatlining economy, while the Liberal Democrats say she should stay in Britain and announce a “plan B” to address market volatility.
However, Ms Reeves has rejected calls to cancel the visit, writing in The Times on Friday night that choosing not to engage with China is “no choice at all”.
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On Friday, Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy defended the trip, telling Sky News that the climbing cost of government borrowing was a “global trend” that had affected many countries, “most notably the United States”.
“We are still on track to be the fastest growing economy, according to the OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] in Europe,” she told Anna Jones on Sky News Breakfast.
“China is the second-largest economy, and what China does has the biggest impact on people from Stockton to Sunderland, right across the UK, and it’s absolutely essential that we have a relationship with them.”
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10:32
Nandy defends Reeves’ trip to China
However, former prime minister Boris Johnson said Ms Reeves had “been rumbled” and said she should “make her way to HR and collect her P45 – or stay in China”.
While in the country’s capital, Ms Reeves will also visit British bike brand Brompton’s flagship store, which relies heavily on exports to China, before heading to Shanghai for talks with representatives across British and Chinese businesses.
It is the first UK-China Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) since 2019, building on the Labour government’s plan for a “pragmatic” policy with the world’s second-largest economy.
Sir Keir Starmer was the first British prime minister to meet with China’s President Xi Jinping in six years at the G20 summit in Brazil last autumn.
Relations between the UK and China have become strained over the last decade as the Conservative government spoke out against human rights abuses and concerns grew over national security risks.
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2:45
How much do we trade with China?
Navigating this has proved tricky given China is the UK’s fourth largest single trading partner, with a trade relationship worth almost £113bn and exports to China supporting over 455,000 jobs in the UK in 2020, according to the government.
During the Tories’ 14 years in office, the approach varied dramatically from the “golden era” under David Cameron to hawkish aggression under Liz Truss, while Rishi Sunak vowed to be “robust” but resisted pressure from his own party to brand China a threat.
The Treasury said a stable relationship with China would support economic growth and that “making working people across Britain secure and better off is at the forefront of the chancellor’s mind”.
Ahead of her visit, Ms Reeves said: “By finding common ground on trade and investment, while being candid about our differences and upholding national security as the first duty of this government, we can build a long-term economic relationship with China that works in the national interest.”