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For three weeks, Israel has been bombing the Gaza Strip as part of its war with Hamas.

The two sides have published conflicting accounts of the toll taken by the airstrikes. Satellite data gives us an independent view.

Every 12 days, NASA’s Sentinel-1 satellite passes three times over the Gaza Strip, firing out radar waves and listening for their echo. Buildings typically bounce the signals right back, but rubble scatters them in all directions.

By comparing signals before the war with those taken more recently, we can estimate the scope and scale of the destruction.

This map shows what Gaza looked like before the war, its population densely clustered in Gaza City, in the far north, and the southern cities of Rafah and Khan Younis.

Map of buildings in the Gaza Strip, with major cities highlighted. SOURCE: Open Street Map
Image:
Map of buildings in the Gaza Strip, with major cities highlighted. SOURCE: Open Street Map

By 13 October, six days after Hamas launched its attacks in southern Israel, much of Gaza City had been hit by airstrikes.

The satellite data suggests 15% of buildings in northern Gaza were damaged or destroyed in less than a week, along with 2% in southern Gaza.

That same day, Israel ordered all 1.1 million residents of northern Gaza to flee southwards to relative safety.

Since then, however, Israel has stepped up its bombing of the south.

The map below shows the estimated damage to buildings across Gaza on 13 and 25 October, with the most damaged areas highlighted in yellow.

Almost half of all new damage detected between 14 and 25 October was in southern Gaza (47%), up from 14% before the evacuation order.

While there was a decrease in new damage across the Gaza Strip during those two weeks, the level of destruction in southern Gaza increased by 85%.

A spokesperson for the Israeli Defence Forces declined to comment.

Many of those who fled the north after 13 October have ended up in the Gaza Strip’s second most populous city, Khan Younis.

Since then, satellite data shows neighbourhoods across the city have sustained damage.

The video below, uploaded to Snapchat on 24 October, shows smoke rising from behind a school in Khan Younis.

Sky News has verified the location of the footage, and satellite analysis shows that a row of buildings immediately behind the school sustained damage between 14 and 25 October.

The Gaza Strip has been under aerial bombardment since Hamas’s 7 October attack, in which the Israeli government says more than 1,400 were killed.

Israel says that Hamas is still holding more than 200 people hostage inside the enclave. Five British citizens remain missing.

The airstrikes come as Israel prepares to launch an anticipated ground invasion of the Gaza Strip.

According to Gaza’s health ministry, which is controlled by Hamas, more than 6,500 people have been killed in the airstrikes – two-thirds of them women and children.

Sky’s satellite data suggests that one in four buildings in northern Gaza (25%) have been damaged or destroyed in the past three weeks, along with 8% of those in the south.

The Rimal neighbourhood of Gaza City has been hit particularly hard.

This video below, uploaded to Snapchat on 20 October and verified by Sky News, shows the local high street in ruins.

From the satellite analysis, we can see that the video shows just a small part of the destruction in Rimal.

Map of estimated damage to buildings in Rimal, Gaza Strip, 25 October. SOURCE: NASA/Open Street Maps
Image:
Map of estimated damage to buildings in Rimal, Gaza Strip, 25 October. SOURCE: NASA/Open Street Maps

Sky’s analysis of satellite data followed a method developed by academics and promoted by NASA.

This is a conservative estimate – Sky News has only classified an area as damaged if the satellite records at least a 30% decrease in surface smoothness over a 1,600 square metre area.

Damage to a single building, or even its total destruction, is unlikely to reach that threshold. Damage to the side of buildings may not be detected at all.

The Gaza Ministry of Public Works says that 27,781 housing units, or around 7% of the total, have been destroyed or rendered uninhabitable since 7 October.

Additional reporting by Sanya Burgess


The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

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Trump calls for Epstein’s ‘ties’ with Bill Clinton and other Democrats to be investigated

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Trump calls for Epstein's 'ties' with Bill Clinton and other Democrats to be investigated

Donald Trump said he will ask the Justice Department to investigate Jeffrey Epstein’s alleged ties to former US president Bill Clinton and other prominent Democrats.

The call from the US president comes as fresh questions about Mr Trump’s own relationship with the paedophile financier were raised as his name came up multiple times when 20,000 pages were released from Epstein’s files earlier this week. Mr Trump has called claims to link him to Epstein as a “hoax”.

Mr Trump said he would ask US Attorney General Pamela Bondi to look into any alleged involvement between former Democrat leader Clinton and paedophile financier Epstein. She later wrote on X that she would assign the investigation to Jay Clayton, the US attorney for the Southern District of New York.

Along with Mr Clinton, Mr Trump said he would also ask the Justice Department to investigate former treasury secretary Larry Summers, and Reid Hoffman, the LinkedIn founder, who is also a prominent Democratic donor.

Former US president Bill Clinton. File Pic: Reuters
Image:
Former US president Bill Clinton. File Pic: Reuters

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All three men were mentioned in the 20,000 Epstein-related documents released by the House Oversight Committee on Wednesday. None of them, however, have been accused of wrongdoing in the Epstein case.

In a lengthy post on his social media platform Truth Social, Mr Trump said: “Now that the Democrats are using the Epstein Hoax, involving Democrats, not Republicans, to try and deflect from their disastrous SHUTDOWN, and all of their other failures, I will be asking A.G. Pam Bondi, and the Department of Justice, together with our great patriots at the FBI, to investigate Jeffrey Epstein’s involvement and relationship with Bill Clinton, Larry Summers, Reid Hoffman, J.P. Morgan, Chase, and many other people and institutions, to determine what was going on with them, and him.”

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Mr Trump also said: “Epstein was a Democrat, and he is the Democrat’s problem, not the Republican’s problem!

“They all know about him, don’t waste your time with Trump. I have a Country to run!”

What do the named parties say about alleged links to Epstein?

Angel Urena, deputy chief of staff for Mr Clinton, said in 2019: “President Clinton knows nothing about the terrible crimes Jeffrey Epstein pleaded guilty to in Florida some time ago, or those with which he has been recently charged in New York…has never been to Little St James Island, Epstein’s ranch in New Mexico, or his residence in Florida.”

Epstein had been a JPMorgan client from 1998 until 2013.

“The firm deeply regrets any association with this man, and would never have continued doing business with him if it believed he was using the bank in any way to commit his heinous crimes,” JPMorgan said in a statement in September 2023.

Summers, former Harvard University president, recently issued a statement saying he has “great regrets in my life.”

“As I have said before, my association with Jeffrey Epstein was a major error of judgement,” the statement said.

Similarly, Mr Hoffman told Axios in 2019 he regretted his relationship with Epstein.

“My few interactions with Jeffrey Epstein came at the request of Joi Ito, for the purposes of fundraising for the MIT Media Lab.

“Prior to these interactions, I was told by Joi that Epstein had cleared the MIT vetting process, which was the basis for my participation.

“My last interaction with Epstein was in 2015. Still, by agreeing to participate in any fundraising activity where Epstein was present, I helped to repair his reputation and perpetuate injustice. For this, I am deeply regretful.”

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A US man is believed to be the first to have died from a meat allergy linked to tick bites

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A US man is believed to be the first to have died from a meat allergy linked to tick bites

A 47-year-old New Jersey man died last year from alpha-gal syndrome, a red meat allergy caused by a tick bite.

His death is believed to be the first documented death from a meat allergy triggered by tick bites.

Symptoms for alpha-gal syndrome – which in 2011 was first linked to bites from the Lone Star tick – can include hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, severe stomach pain, difficulty breathing, dizziness and swelling of the lips, throat, tongue or eyelids.

The reaction to the foods that cause the symptoms can be delayed, and usually present themselves a few hours later, unlike some other food allergies, which occur soon after eating.

The new research follows the case of a healthy airline pilot who went camping in 2024 with his wife and children. They had steak for supper. This was unusual, as he rarely ate meat.

He woke at 2am with violent pain in his abdomen, vomiting and diarrhoea.

The next day he ate breakfast and went on a five-mile walk.

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A fortnight later, back in New Jersey, he went to a barbecue, where he ate a hamburger. About four hours later, he grew ill. Shortly afterwards, his son found him on the bathroom floor unconscious.

Am operating theatre. File pic by iStock
Image:
Am operating theatre. File pic by iStock

His son called paramedics, and he was admitted to hospital, but the man was announced dead later that night.

Blood tests conducted by researchers revealed evidence of the alpha-gal syndrome. Proof that it came from a Lone Star tick is inconclusive.

The researchers made the link after a statement from the man’s wife, who had said he had 12 or 13 “chigger” bites near his ankles earlier in the summer.

But the conclusion makes sense, as people in eastern America sometimes mistake the bites from mites with those from larval ticks.

More than 100,000 people in the U.S. have become allergic to red meat since 2010 because of the syndrome, according to one estimate.

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Dr Scott Commins, a leading alpha-gal syndrome researcher at the University of North Carolina, called his death an “unmitigated tragedy”.

“Totally unnecessary and with increased awareness, this won’t happen again,” he said in an email.

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Stranded Chinese astronauts return to Earth after space capsule damaged

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Stranded Chinese astronauts return to Earth after space capsule damaged

Three Chinese astronauts have successfully returned to Earth from their nation’s space station after their capsule was damaged.

The team deployed a red and white striped parachute as they descended, before landing at a remote site in the Gobi Desert in Asia on Friday.

The astronauts – Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie – had been due to return on 5 November to end their six-month rotation at the Tiangong space station.

However, their journey back was delayed by nine days because the Shenzhou-20 return capsule they were due to travel in was found to have tiny cracks.

These were most likely caused by the impact of space debris hitting the craft, China’s space agency said.

There are millions of pieces of mostly tiny particles that circle the Earth at speeds faster than a bullet.

They can come from launches and collisions and pose a risk to satellites, space stations and the astronauts who operate outside them.

With the Shenzhou-20 out of action, the crew – who travelled to the space station in April – used a Shenzhou-21 craft instead, which had brought a three-person replacement crew to the station.

The launch of the Shenzhou-21 craft from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province, China, on 31 October. Pic: Kyodo via AP
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The launch of the Shenzhou-21 craft from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province, China, on 31 October. Pic: Kyodo via AP

The Chinese space agency said the stranded taikonauts – the Chinese word for astronauts – had remained in good condition throughout.

The first module of the Tiangong, which means “Heavenly Palace”, was launched by the Chinese state in 2021.

It is smaller than the International Space Station, from which Beijing is blocked, due to US national security concerns.

China’s space programme has developed steadily since 2003.

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In a long term plan to advance its orbital capabilities, China plans to land a person on the moon by 2030 and has already explored Mars with a robotic rover.

The Asian nation’s latest space mission brought four mice to study how weightlessness and confinement would affect them.

An engineer from the Chinese Academy of Sciences said the study will help master key technologies for breeding and monitoring small mammals in space.

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