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The King and Queen have begun a four-day state visit to Kenya, which could be eclipsed by calls for an apology over abuses during British colonial rule.

The royal couple were welcomed by President William Ruto and the first lady at the State House in Nairobi.

The King will deliver a significant speech at a state banquet to address the “more painful aspects” of Kenyan-British relations, namely the Mau Mau uprising.

King Charles attends a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior on their state visit to Kenya at the Uhuru Gardens in Nairobi, Kenya
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The King attends a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior at the Uhuru Gardens in Nairobi, Kenya

King Charles III during a visit to the City Shamba urban farm project at the Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital in Nairobi, on day one of the State Visit to Kenya. City Shamba serves as a model farm and information centre for the local community, and provides food to the hospital. Picture date: Tuesday October 31, 2023.
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The King visiting the City Shamba urban farm project at the Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital in Nairobi

In the 1950s Mau Mau fighters in Kenya began a campaign to end British rule. Atrocities were committed on both sides, but the Mau Mau insurgents suffered significant mistreatment.

Ninety thousand Kenyans were murdered, tortured or maimed, with many held in detention camps.

A decade ago the British government expressed regret and paid out nearly £20m in compensation, but ministers never apologised.

King Charles III and Queen Camilla are welcomed by the President of Kenya Dr William Ruto and the First Lady Rachel Ruto as they arrive at the State House in Nairobi on day one of the State Visit to Kenya. Picture date: Tuesday October 31, 2023. PA Photo. See PA story ROYAL Kenya. Photo credit should read: Arthur Edwards/The Sun/PA Wire
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The King and Queen welcomed by President Dr William Ruto

Ahead of his visit, there have been renewed calls for the King to make a formal apology from the Kenyan Human Rights Commission, who have requested an “unequivocal public apology”, and those whose relatives suffered abuse.

One of the challenges facing the King is how to recognise historic wrongs committed under British rule.

King Charles III and Queen Camilla during a wreath laying ceremony at the tomb of the Unknown Warrior, in Uhuru Gardens, Nairobi, on day one of the State Visit to Kenya. Picture date: Tuesday October 31, 2023. Victoria Jones/Pool via REUTERS
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The King and Queen during a wreath-laying ceremony at the tomb of the Unknown Warrior

Many Kenyans will be listening carefully to his speech and how far he goes to address the issue.

Despite a rainy arrival, the King laid a wreath at the tomb of the unknown soldier, before viewing a sacred mugumo fig tree planted on the spot the British flag was last raised.

This year marks the 60th anniversary of Kenyan independence.

Despite the troubles of the past, Kenya and Britain have maintained a close relationship. Kenya is also an important ally in a troubled region.

King Charles III and Queen Camilla are welcomed by the President of Kenya Dr William Ruto and the First Lady Rachel Ruto as they arrive at the State House in Nairobi on day one of the State Visit to Kenya. King Charles planted a tree following the arrival ceremony. Picture date: Tuesday October 31, 2023. PA Photo. See PA story ROYAL Kenya. Photo credit should read: Arthur Edwards/The Sun/PA Wire
 King Charles visits City Shamba, an urban farming project during his and Queen Camilla's state visit to Kenya, in Nairobi, Kenya
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The King visits City Shamba, an urban farming project during his and Queen Camilla’s state visit to Kenya, in Nairobi, Kenya

The UK government is keen for this trip to focus on friendship and future relations. But many Kenyans believe the past must also be properly addressed.

The King’s deputy private secretary, Chris Fitzgerald, previously said the visit will “acknowledge more painful aspects of the United Kingdom and Kenya’s shared history”.

He added the King will “take time to deepen his understanding of the wrongs suffered in this period by people”.

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Starmer was a charmer – but Zelenskyy meeting is the moment of truth

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Starmer was a charmer - but Zelenskyy meeting is the moment of truth

It feels like “the draft” has come six weeks early – the annual selection meeting in American football.

For three or four days, teams in the NFL attempt to woo players with the most lucrative contracts.

In a classic Emmanuel Macron manoeuvre, the French president deployed flattery in the Oval Office.

Three days later, Sir Keir Starmer the charmer upped the game, whipping out a letter from the King.

In their determination to entice the key player back onto Europe’s side, their tactical game was top-notch.

But President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s arrival at the White House is the moment of truth for their charm offensive.

The Ukrainian leader has stressed the need for security guarantees before signing any agreement.

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President Donald Trump seems to be suggesting that a deal on rare earth minerals provides such security.

“Digging our hearts out,” as he put it, in an economic partnership, would certainly be ground-breaking diplomacy.

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‘What a beautiful accent’

This week’s flurry in Washington reflects Europe’s concern about Trump’s push to end the war.

Ten days ago, his apparent concessions to Russia sounded alarm bells across the Atlantic.

But his meetings with Macron and Starmer were more amicable than France and the UK dared hope.

Both fact-checked him in real time when he claimed European aid for Ukraine had been given as a loan.

Read more:
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Starmer contradicts Vance over free speech claim
Read some of Trump’s letter from the King

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An ‘intense session’ but ‘pretty good outing’

But rather than retaliate, he appeared to have heard their concerns about his U-turn towards Moscow.

Asked by one journalist if he still thought Zelenskyy was a “dictator”, he replied: “Did I really say that?”

Don’t underestimate that joke.

It is the closest Donald J Trump would ever come to a climb-down.

The publication of the detail is a pivotal moment in assessing which team he has opted to play for.

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FBI most wanted drug lord among 29 cartel figures sent from Mexico to US as Trump turns up pressure on organisations

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FBI most wanted drug lord among 29 cartel figures sent from Mexico to US as Trump turns up pressure on organisations

Mexico has sent 29 drug cartel figures, including a most wanted drug lord, to the US as the Trump administration cranks up the pressure on the crime groups.

The early days of the new US president’s second term were marked by him triggering trade wars with his nearest allies, where he threatened to hike tariffs with Mexico, and Canada, insisting the country crack down on drug cartels, immigration and the production of fentanyl.

With the imposition of the 25% tariffs just days away, drug lord Rafael Caro Quintero, one of the FBI’s “10 most wanted fugitives”, was one of the individuals handed over in the unprecedented show of cooperation.

The FBI wanted posted for Rafael Caro Quintero.
Pic: AP/FBI
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The FBI wanted poster for Rafael Caro Quintero. Pic: AP/FBI

It comes as top Mexican officials are in Washington ahead of Tuesday’s deadline.

Those sent to the US on Thursday were rounded up from prisons across Mexico and flown to eight US cities, according to the Mexican government.

Prosecutors from both countries said the prisoners sent to the US faced charges including drug trafficking and homicide.

“We will prosecute these criminals to the fullest extent of the law in honour of the brave law enforcement agents who have dedicated their careers – and in some cases, given their lives – to protect innocent people from the scourge of violent cartels,” US attorney general Pamela Bondi said in a statement.

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‘Cartel kingpin’

Quintero was convicted of the torture and murder of US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) agent Enrique ‘Kiki’ Camarena in 1985.

The murder marked a low point in US-Mexico relations.

Quintero was described by the US attorney general as “a cartel kingpin who unleashed violence, destruction, and death across the United States and Mexico”.

After decades in jail, and atop the FBI’s most wanted list, he walked free in 2013 when a court overturned his 40-year sentence for killing Mr Camarena.

Rafael Caro Quintero.
Pic: Reuters/FBI
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Rafael Caro Quintero. Pic: Reuters/FBI

Quintero, the former leader of the Guadalajara cartel, returned to drug trafficking and triggered bloody turf battles in the northern Mexico state of Sonora until he was arrested a second time in 2022.

The US sought his extradition shortly after, but the request remained stuck at Mexico’s foreign ministry for reasons unknown.

President Claudia Sheinbaum’s predecessor and political mentor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador severely curtailed Mexican cooperation with the DEA to protest undercover US operations in Mexico targeting senior political and military officials.

‘The Lord of The Skies’

Also sent to the US were cartel leaders, security chiefs from both factions of the Sinaloa cartel, cartel finance operatives and a man wanted in connection with the killing of a North Carolina sheriff’s deputy in 2022.

Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, a once leader of the Juarez drug cartel, based in the border city of Ciudad Juarez, across from El Paso, Texas, and brother of drug lord Amado Carrillo Fuentes, known as “The Lord of The Skies”, who died in a botched plastic surgery in 1997, was among those turned over to the US.

As were two leaders of the now defunct Los Zetas cartel, brothers Miguel and Omar Trevino Morales, who were known as Z-40 and Z-42.

The brothers have been accused of running the successor Northeast Cartel from prison.

Soldiers escort a man who authorities identified as Omar Trevino Morales, also known as Z-42.
Pic: AP/Eduardo Verdugo
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Soldiers escort a man who authorities identified as Omar Trevino Morales, also known as Z-42. Pic: AP/Eduardo Verdugo

Miguel Angel Trevino Morales after his arrest.
Pic: AP/Mexico's Interior Ministry
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Miguel Angel Trevino Morales after his arrest. Pic: AP/Mexico’s Interior Ministry

Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, the purported leader of the Juarez cartel, pictured after his arrest in 2014.
Pic: AP
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Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, the purported leader of the Juarez cartel, pictured after his arrest in 2014. Pic: AP

Trump-Mexico relations

The removal of the cartel figures coincided with a visit to Washington by Mexico’s foreign affairs secretary Juan Ramon de la Fuente and other top officials, who met with their US counterparts.

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Mr Trump has made clear his desire to crack down on drug cartels and has pressured Mexico to work with him.

The acting head of the DEA, Derek Maltz, was said to have provided the White House with a list of nearly 30 targets in Mexico wanted in the US on criminal charges and Quintero was top of the list.

It was also said that Ms Sheinbaum’s government, in a rush to seek favour with the Trump administration, bypassed the usual formalities of the countries’ shared extradition treaty in this incident.

This means it could potentially allow US prosecutors to try Quintero for Mr Camarena’s murder – something not contemplated in the existing extradition request to face separate drug trafficking charges in a Brooklyn federal court.

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Mount Vesuvius eruption turned part of man’s brain into glass after super-hot ash cloud

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Mount Vesuvius eruption turned part of man's brain into glass after super-hot ash cloud

A man’s brain was partly turned into glass after Mount Vesuvius erupted.

Researchers discovered dark fragments resembling obsidian in the skull of a man in the ancient settlement of Herculaneum.

Along with Pompeii, the ancient settlement was obliterated in 79AD when the volcano erupted, killing thousands and burying both under a thick layer of volcanic material and mud – preserving them in excellent condition for future archaeologists.

The remains of a custodian killed in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
Pic: Reuters/Pier Paolo Petrone
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The remains of a custodian killed in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
Pic: Reuters/Pier Paolo Petrone

The man was first discovered in the 1960s inside a building called the College of the Augustales, which was dedicated to the cult of Emperor Augustus.

He is thought to have been the college’s custodian and was killed in his bed, around midnight when he was assumed to be asleep, in the first effects of the eruption as the burning hot ash cloud hit.

The city was buried in the latter stages of the geological event.

But after his remains were re-examined more recently, the glass fragments were discovered.

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In a paper published on Thursday, researchers said this was the “only such occurrence” of this happening on Earth.

It was caused by a super-hot ash cloud that is thought to have suddenly descended on his city, likely instantly killing the inhabitants.

The glass was formed by vitrification, the process of transforming a substance into glass, when the brain’s organic material was exposed to the incredibly high temperatures – at least 510C (950F) – before rapidly cooling.

“The glass formed as a result of this process allowed for an integral preservation of the biological brain material and its microstructures,” said forensic anthropologist Pier Paolo Petrone of Universita di Napoli Federico II, one of the study’s lead researchers.

The archaeological site of Herculaneum with Mount Vesuvius visible in the background.
Pic: Reuters/Pier Paolo Petrone
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The archaeological site of Herculaneum with Mount Vesuvius visible in the background.
Pic: Reuters/Pier Paolo Petrone

He added: “The only other type of organic glass we have evidence of is that produced in some rare cases of vitrification of wood, sporadic cases of which have been found at Herculaneum and Pompeii.

“However, in no other case in the world have vitrified organic human or animal remains ever been found.”

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Mr Petrone continued: “I was in the room where the college’s custodian was lying in his bed to document his charred bones.

“Under the lamp, I suddenly saw small glassy remains glittering in the volcanic ash that filled the skull.

“Taking one of these fragments, it had a black appearance and shiny surfaces quite similar to obsidian, a natural glass of volcanic origin – black and shiny, whose formation is due to the very rapid cooling of the lava.

“But, unlike obsidian, the glassy remains were extremely brittle and easy to crumble.”

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