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In the age of silky-smooth and quiet electrification, big screens, cameras, and power everything, what truly defines a luxury car? It’s a question I found myself asking after two days with the Volkswagen ID.7, the new mid-size EV sedan from Wolfsburg. It’s not a luxury car, per se, but so much about it does feel luxurious. Between the amazing seats, plush ride, and abundant tech, this is a car that doesn’t want for much.

Philosophical musing aside, VW has found the proverbial sweet spot in the ID.7 — a nice but not-too-nice family car I’d genuinely love to live with. While I’m still not sure I know what makes a luxury car a luxury car anymore, the ID.7 prompts what is perhaps a better question, “What else do you really need in a car?” And maybe true luxury is the absence of need.

VW ID.7 specs and figures

  • Model: Volkswagen ID.7 Pro
  • Battery: 82 kWh (77 kWh available)
  • Range: 386 miles (WLTP, no EPA yet)
  • Charging: 11 kW AC onboard, up to 175 kW DC (CCS)
  • Motor configuration: Single motor, RWD
  • Power / torque : 282 hp / 402 lb-ft
  • Weight: 4788 lbs
  • Seating: 5-passenger
  • Price: Unknown
  • Release date: Late 2023 / early 2024
  • Other models: GTX (AWD sport model), Touring (wagon — not coming to the US)

The luxury question

Is luxury about ride quality? If so, the ID.7 has it in spades, with adjustable adaptive dampers and quiet, confident road manners. Is luxury about space? The ID.7 and its elongated 117-inch wheelbase puts it closer to a Mercedes EQE than a Passat by layout, and a total length of over 195 inches makes it the longest sedan produced by the brand since the Phaeton. Is luxury about whizz-bang features? The ID.7 has heated and cooled massaging front seats, motorized climate control vents, VW’s most ambitious ADAS system yet, and a vast 15-inch center display (complete with HUD nav integration for the driver). Is luxury about power? The ID.7 has, well, not quite so much of that — at 282 hp and 402 lb-ft of torque, it’s more than adequate to the task of highway passes and on-ramp hustling, but typically conservative Volkswagen. 

We were in quite luxurious surrounds for the ID.7’s big debut, with Volkswagen hosting journalists in the south of France — in my view, an attempt to associate the ID.7 with VW’s most bougie clientele. (Travel, accommodations, and delicious French desserts were provided to Electrek by VW.) And that leads to the one big thing Volkswagen wasn’t talking about: Money. We have no idea what the ID.7 will cost when it comes out. Based on the fully loaded ID.7 Pro trim we drove, I suspect the answer could be a pretty penny once all the order sheet option boxes are ticked. More basic configurations will be available, but none of those cars were on hand to test. Pricing is easily the biggest concern for any EV on the market, arguably even more important than form factor and range at this point to most buyers. Without that data point, the ID.7 is a bit tricky to place at the moment. But we’ll try.

Exterior & interior: A bigger, better Arteon

One way to couch the ID.7 is relative to its position in the greater VW portfolio. But even this proves a bit weird. Some of those who drove it were apparently (according to VW) keen to liken the ID.7 to an electrified Passat. But the ID.7 has a wheelbase a full seven inches longer than VW’s sedan of the people, making it a size class larger. While parking the two may be similar (the Passat is only 2 inches shorter overall), the ID.7 is inarguably a bigger vehicle to inhabit. And if you’re doing Model 3 math, stop now: The ID.7 is far more proximate to the Model S by wheelbase, length, and passenger space.

The front seats of the ID.7 offer over 40 inches of headroom — three inches more than a Passat or Arteon — making for an open and airy cabin feel. Cargo space is above average for an EV sedan, too. While there’s no frunk, the ID.7’s rear liftgate hatch has 530 liters of storage. That’s far less than a Model S (700 liters), but still a strong showing in the segment (e.g., the ID.7 is up 100 liters on the Mercedes EQE, and 40 liters on the BMW i5). Rear seat space also felt ample in the car, with more than enough head and legroom even for me, at 6’1″. It’s a true four-adult sedan; even five should be doable in a pinch. And if you fold down the rear seats, you’re ready for some medium-duty IKEAing.

As to how all that space translates to the exterior, this is not a compact car. But it’s not massive, either. At 195.3 inches, the ID.7 is only a bit longer than a Passat or Arteon, which are both smaller than electrified mid-size luxury sedans like the previously-mentioned EQE (196.9″) or i5 (199.2″). It’s by no means a difficult car to maneuver, either — getting the ID.7 up and down a very tight French manor driveway in the hills of Cassis was eminently achievable, especially with the aid of parking sensors and automatically activated exterior cameras.

With that 282 horsepower responsible for moving 4788 lbs of ID.7, a 0-62 mph time of 6.5 seconds isn’t surprising. This is a relatively heavy vehicle, though the ID.7 is a lot lighter than a Mercedes EQE (5190 lbs) and meaningfully trimmer than the BMW i5 (4916 lbs), but those are also larger cars. By comparison, a Model S Dual Motor with its 100 kWh battery and AWD comes in around 4,560 lbs. Weight is a metric worth noting, as it impacts range, performance, and tire wear. That said, this makes VW’s range claim (386 miles WLTP) all the more impressive in context of the ID.7’s 77 kWh-available battery. Pound for pound, this is a very efficient car, at least on paper. In Europe, the ID.7 with attached hitch accessory will also be able to tow 1200 kg (around 2650 lbs).

Tech and features: An Audi in Wolfsburg clothing?

Going back to our initial “luxury” question, the level of equipment available in the ID.7 pretty quickly makes it evident that VW has no intention of letting its upmarket sibling in Ingolstadt have all the fun toys. If I may be so bold, the premium ergoActive seats in the ID.7 are a revelation in a Volkswagen product. They are really freaking good. The massage mode is powerful, and my codriver and I were both turning them back on after our 30-minute “pelvis activation” (yes, really) sessions had come to an end. They were also obscenely comfortable — sporty, a bit huggy, but very supportive and well-cushioned over the three or so hours we spent on the road. If you’re in the market for an ID.7, you’d be nuts not to spring for this upgrade. Heating and ventilation both work well, and there’s a “drying” mode that heats and ventilates the seat simultaneously in the event you’re feeling a bit schweaty.

The rest of the interior is a luxurious place to be, too. The heated steering wheel is nice and chunky (and the capacitive controls seemed fine to me), and the new 15″ center screen is, at the very least, much easier to see. Interior lighting accents can be customized, most touch points feel like premium materials, and you get a Qi wireless phone charger and two 45W USB-C ports in the center console. There’s a passthrough storage area under the center storage cubby, too — no fake transmission tunnels here. And if you opt for it, the ID.7 can even be configured with a tinting and blurring panoramic glass roof. On a Volkswagen!

Of all the tech in the car, I was particularly smitten with the “augmented reality” heads-up display that VW will include as standard on all trims of the ID.7. It provides navigation tooltips so you can ignore the big nav screen entirely, keeping your eyes on the road. I want a manufacturer to write a white paper on driver focus and stress levels using something like this HUD compared to a center-mounted nav screen, because I’d have a strong hunch it positively impacts both.

The infotainment system uses the newest version of Volkswagen’s in-car OS, but I didn’t have the time to explore it in meaningful depth. Some quality-of-life tweaks to the homescreen make certain things like climate and seat controls more accessible (they’re along a permanent nav strip on the bottom of the screen), and you can customize a few shortcuts to apps along the permanent top bar of the UI to quickly get in and out of CarPlay, for example. It all seems fine, with interaction generally straightforward and performance being passable. I wasn’t a big fan of the built-in navigation UI — it’s visually busy — but Android Auto and CarPlay are available (including wireless mode), so you can use whatever mapping solution suits you best. Most folks will plug in their phones once and never look back. As for digital climate and seat controls, I’ve never been a fan, and I don’t think I ever will be. I understand this is a very attractive cost-cutting measure for the manufacturer, but it makes a multi-step process out of something that used to be straightforward and naturally tactile. 

The VW “IDA” in-car voice assistant was about as refined as I’d expect of such a thing — and I should start by saying it’s not coming to the ID.7 in the US. In general, it seems to work OK, but IDA was inadvertently triggered many times on our test drive (don’t say “idea” in your Volkswagen because it will get… ideas), guaranteeing I’d turn it off in my own car on day one. I acknowledge there is likely some value from an accessibility standpoint to these interfaces for specific users. Still, the reality is that carmakers are just redoing the work Apple, Google, and Amazon have already done so much better than they ever will, and it makes all of these systems an inferior experience compared to the smartphones and smart speakers we all use every day.

On climate control, Volkswagen has talked up the electronically-actuated vents on the ID.7 (you cannot physically adjust them, a la Tesla), which you can control via the touchscreen interface. This sort of thing has always felt like reinventing the wheel to me, and I still don’t understand what it does to make blowing air “better.” It seems like one more thing to break, necessitating a trip to the dealer when it does. VW says it makes adjusting the cabin temperature more efficient without blasting you in the face so much — because the air is more evenly distributed — so that sounds like some kind of improvement. In practice, maxing the AC still basically felt like maxing the AC in most cars — just maybe quieter.

One legitimately finicky feature was the wireless Qi phone charger. That’s not surprising — most carmakers seem to struggle here because of the various sizes of phones, types of cases, and movement during driving. But the car’s OS repeatedly popped notifications that charging had been paused because the phone was too hot (it was) or the battery was full (when it definitely wasn’t). OEMs need to thoughtfully consider how they surface transient notifications like these, because they are legitimately disruptive while driving the car. Putting a giant blue box over the navigation UI that will not go away until explicitly dismissed is arguably a little unsafe, especially for information not genuinely critical while operating the vehicle. You still have those powerful 45W USB-C ports for charging, so you’re by no means required to use the pad.

Driving the ID.7: Performance, autonomy, range

As I alluded to earlier, the rear-wheel-drive ID.7 Pro we drove isn’t for those seeking thrilling performance — that will come with the AWD GTX model. That 6.5-second shuffle to 62 mph would have been quick 20 years ago for a car this size, but in 2023? In an EV? It’s firmly “acceptable.” We’ll be eagerly awaiting the GTX to see how much more go-juice VW can give us, range be damned. When it comes to handling, I only had a few short chances to toss the ID.7 around. But a tight French backroad made it clear that the low center of gravity provides the characteristic high confidence of an electric vehicle under cornering. Outside the confines of a race track, though, I’d be hard-pressed to differentiate it from most other EV sedans meaningfully. The long wheelbase and compliant suspension make it feel wonderfully composed under more restrained maneuvering — you feel like you’re driving a luxury car, down to the extremely low wind and tire noise in the cabin.

Volkswagen was keen to discuss the ID.7’s new autonomy features, including automatic lane change and speed limit-aware cruise control — but know now that neither feature is coming to the US. We couldn’t get the automatic lane change to work, and other drivers on the launch were similarly flummoxed by it. The speed limit-aware cruise control does work, arguably a little too well, as it rather abruptly decelerates when the speed limit in a given area goes down (which happens a lot in the south of France). I’d probably turn it off if were I driving this car daily.

All versions of the ID.7 at launch will share an 82 kWh battery (77 kWh available), which VW says is good for an impressive 386 miles on the European WLTP cycle. There are no EPA figures yet, but you can reasonably assume they’ll be a bit lower. As for validating VW’s claims, we had far too little seat time to tell — and we certainly weren’t hypermiling it. For those maximizing their efficiency with regenerative braking, the ID.7 offers the same “B” drive mode on the gear selector stalk to put the car in regen mode as other ID models. It’s not a one-pedal mode, and the level of regen force can’t be adjusted — you either use “D” or “B.” What’s unintuitive about all this is that moving between the “comfort” and “sport” drive settings also clearly affects the regen setting, with the latter very noticeably increasing it. This is needlessly confusing for owners — a global regen setting would make much more sense. We did not have a chance to test the 175kW DC charging claim on the press drive, but like the rest of the ID family, the ID.7 uses a CCS connector. Volkswagen has not yet announced plans to adopt NACS, either.

A quieter, more efficient drivetrain: The AP550

The ID.7 is among the first of VW’s EVs equipped with a new electric powertrain, dubbed the AP550, so named because it produces around 550 Nm of peak torque. This unit is substantially more potent than the previous powerplant in the ID family, and is already available in the VW ID.4 and ID.5. But power is plainly not the story, at least in this single-motor configuration.

The AP550’s improved efficiency was evident when VW introduced the motor on the ID.4 and ID.5 SUVs. But because the ID.7 is a proper sedan, its low profile cuts through the air substantially better than those crossovers, giving it 386 miles of range on the WLTP cycle. That’s more than a 10% gain on the ID.4 with the same battery and drivetrain.

The AP550 is VW’s quietest electric power unit to date, and I can confirm that, even from a stop with the pedal to the floor, I could never hear it. It’s that quiet. VW says that the primary improvements to the power unit, aside from much beefier windings and electrics to increase output, came in the form of cooling, mechanical efficiency, and an upgraded chipset. The AP550 uses water and oil cooling to keep the unit at optimal operating temperature, and the components translating that power to motion are more finely machined to reduce friction. Finally, a newer, more powerful Infineon real-time chipset enables smoother power delivery and more efficient switching.

In the vacuum of a press drive, it’s difficult to assess an EV powertrain’s comparative “refinement” — almost all of them are smooth and quiet! And without other cars on hand to compare, it’s tough to say how much quieter and smoother the AP550 is. The place my imagination goes with this unit is jamming two of them into a single car making 550-plus horsepower. We can dream.

The Pros

  • Oodles of tech and comfort. The ID.7 is the definition of a well-equipped mid-size sedan.
  • If range claims stand up (386 miles WLTP), the ID.7 delivers noteworthy efficiency, especially given its battery capacity (77 kWh available) and weight (4788 lbs).
  • A roomy interior with lots of passenger space front and rear and an ample hatchback-style trunk with folding seats.
  • Forthcoming Touring (wagon) version for even more storage (sadly, it’s not coming to the US).
  • The “augmented reality” driver heads-up-display is legitimately helpful and handy. It just makes driving nicer.

The cons

  • Options like the pano roof and premium seats seem likely to ratchet up the price quickly — but we don’t know what the ID.7 will cost yet, or what trims will be available at launch.
  • The ID.7 Pro is not slow, but it’s not fast. If you want performance, wait for the all-wheel-drive GTX.
  • This is a large vehicle, outsizing both the Arteon and Passat. Still, it’s smaller than an EQE or i5.
  • It may have all the technology, but not all of it feels perfectly executed (ADAS, voice assist, wireless charging).
  • Exterior styling is somewhere between bland and awkward. Your mileage may vary, though.

Electrek’s Take

The ID.7 is hard to place in the larger EV discussion without a price. Particularly, without the base model MSRP, it’s difficult to say how much value Volkswagen will deliver relative to the competition dollar for dollar.

The upshots with the ID.7 are clear: This is a comfortable, practical, family-ready BEV with extremely respectable range and a roomy, high-tech interior that feels next-generation. I think Volkswagen has nailed the essential Volkswagenness of a nice mid-size car here — because even if you strip away the panoramic roof, fancy seats, and big wheels, you won’t lose any of what makes the ID.7 a good car. (Though, I’d be seriously lusting after those ErgoActive seats. I’m still thinking about them.) It still has the range, the fast charging, the storage, and the cushy ride. Probably even more cushy if you drop these 20″ wheels for the standard 19″ alloys.

In an age of crossovers, I also have to give VW props for putting out an honest-to-God sedan. I love a good sedan, and while CUVs and SUVs have their place in the world, I like being (relatively) low to the ground! When you actually provide the necessary interior space for adults to fit into a sedan layout, you aren’t losing anything but an inch or two of ground clearance, either (especially given EVs have no drivetrain or exhaust components hanging off the bottom). I will always be rooting for team sedan over team crossover.

My unrepentant shilling for Big Sedan aside, life as a new sedan isn’t an easy one right now. People are buying CUVs and SUVs in droves, and sedan sales have been flagging for years. While Tesla continues to do well with the Model 3, it’s an outlier — largely due to super-aggressive pricing and the extensive Supercharger network. The ID.7 doesn’t make a great analog in that sense. And because of its size class and level of available premium options, it’s conceivable the ID.7 may end up in something of a “no man’s land” — too expensive for the masses, but too Volkswagen for buyers looking at traditional luxury brands like Mercedes, BMW, or Audi. The Arteon has ostensibly struggled to sell for very similar reasons. Granted, the Arteon is not an EV.

To me, the question with the ID.7 isn’t whether it’s a good car — it quite plainly is a Very Good Car. The question is, who will buy one? I’m not sure Volkswagen knows the answer to that any better than we do at this point. Anyone who checks out an ID.7 will be pleased with what they find, but I suspect getting them into the driver’s seat in the first place will be VW’s biggest challenge.

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In rare earth metals power struggle with China, old laptops, phones may get a new life

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In rare earth metals power struggle with China, old laptops, phones may get a new life

A stack of old mobile phones are seen before recycling process in Kocaeli, Turkiye on October 14, 2024.

Anadolu | Anadolu | Getty Images

As the U.S. and China vie for economic, technological and geopolitical supremacy, the critical elements and metals embedded in technology from consumer to industrial and military markets have become a pawn in the wider conflict. That’s nowhere more so the case than in China’s leverage over the rare earth metals supply chain. This past week, the Department of Defense took a large equity stake in MP Materials, the company running the only rare earths mining operation in the U.S.

But there’s another option to combat the rare earths shortage that goes back to an older idea: recycling. The business has come a long way from collecting cans, bottles, plastic, newspaper and other consumer disposables, otherwise destined for landfills, to recreate all sorts of new products.

Today, next-generation recyclers — a mix of legacy companies and startups — are innovating ways to gather and process the ever-growing mountains of electronic waste, or e-waste, which comprises end-of-life and discarded computers, smartphones, servers, TVs, appliances, medical devices, and other electronics and IT equipment. And they are doing so in a way that is aligned to the newest critical technologies in society. Most recently, spent EV batteries, wind turbines and solar panels are fostering a burgeoning recycling niche.

The e-waste recycling opportunity isn’t limited to rare earth elements. Any electronics that can’t be wholly refurbished and resold, or cannibalized for replacement parts needed to keep existing electronics up and running, can berecycled to strip out gold, silver, copper, nickel, steel, aluminum, lithium, cobalt and other metals vital to manufacturers in various industries. But increasingly, recyclers are extracting rare-earth elements, such as neodymium, praseodymium, terbium and dysprosium, which are critical in making everything from fighter jets to power tools.

“Recycling [of e-waste] hasn’t been taken too seriously until recently” as a meaningful source of supply, said Kunal Sinha, global head of recycling at Swiss-based Glencore, a major miner, producer and marketer of metals and minerals — and, to a much lesser but growing degree, an e-waste recycler. “A lot of people are still sleeping at the wheel and don’t realize how big this can be,” Sinha said. 

Traditionally, U.S. manufacturers purchase essential metals and rare earths from domestic and foreign producers — an inordinate number based in China — that fabricate mined raw materials, or through commodities traders. But with those supply chains now disrupted by unpredictable tariffs, trade policies and geopolitics, the market for recycled e-waste is gaining importance as a way to feed the insatiable electrification of everything.

“The United States imports a lot of electronics, and all of that is coming with gold and aluminum and steel,” said John Mitchell, president and CEO of the Global Electronics Association, an industry trade group. “So there’s a great opportunity to actually have the tariffs be an impetus for greater recycling in this country for goods that we don’t have, but are buying from other countries.”

With copper, other metals, ‘recycling is going to play huge role’

Although recycling contributes only around $200 million to Glencore’s total EBITDA of nearly $14 billion, the strategic attention and time the business gets from leadership “is much more than that percentage,” Sinha said. “We believe that a lot of mining is necessary to get to all the copper, gold and other metals that are needed, but we also recognize that recycling is going to play a huge role,” he said.

Glencore has operated a huge copper smelter in Quebec, Canada, for almost  20 years on a site that’s nearly 100-years-old. The facility processes mostly mined copper concentrates, though 15% of its feedstock is recyclable materials, such as e-waste that Glencore’s global network of 100-plus suppliers collect and sort. The smelter pioneered the process for recovering copper and precious metals from e-waste in the mid 1980s, making it one of the first and largest of its type in the world. The smelted copper is refined into fresh slabs that are sold to manufacturers and traders. The same facility also produces refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium recovered from recycling feeds. 

The importance of copper to OEMs’ supply chains was magnified in early July, when prices hit an all-time high after President Trump said he would impose a 50% tariff on imports of the metal. The U.S. imports just under half of its copper, and the tariff hike — like other new Trump trade policies — is intended to boost domestic production.

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Price of copper year-to-date 2025.

It takes around three decades for a new mine in the U.S. to move from discovery to production, which makes recycled copper look all the more attractive, especially as demand keeps rising. According to estimates by energy-data firm Wood Mackenzie, 45% of demand will be met with recycled copper by 2050, up from about a third today.

Foreign recycling companies have begun investing in the U.S.-based facilities. In 2022, Germany’s Wieland broke ground on a $100-million copper and copper alloy recycling plant in Shelbyville, Kentucky. Last year, another German firm, Aurubis, started construction on an $800-million multi-metal recycling facility in Augusta, Georgia.

“As the first major secondary smelter of its kind in the U.S., Aurubis Richmond will allow us to keep strategically important metals in the economy, making U.S. supply chains more independent,” said Aurubis CEO Toralf Haag.

Massive amounts of e-waste

The proliferation of e-waste can be traced back to the 1990s, when the internet gave birth to the digital economy, spawning exponential growth in electronically enabled products. The trend has been supercharged by the emergence of renewable energy, e-mobility, artificial intelligence and the build-out of data centers. That translates to a constant turnover of devices and equipment, and massive amounts of e-waste.

In 2022, a record 62 million metric tons of e-waste were produced globally, up 82% from 2010, according to the most recent estimates from the United Nations’ International Telecommunications Union and research arm UNITAR. That number is projected to reach 82 million metric tons by 2030.

The U.S., the report said, produced just shy of 8 million tons of e-waste in 2022. Yet only about 15-20% of it is properly recycled, a figure that illustrates the untapped market for e-waste retrievables. The e-waste recycling industry generated $28.1 billion in revenue in 2024, according to IBISWorld, with a projected compound annual growth rate of 8%.

Whether it’s refurbished and resold or recycled for metals and rare-earths, e-waste that stores data — especially smartphones, computers, servers and some medical devices — must be wiped of sensitive information to comply with cybersecurity and environmental regulations. The service, referred to as IT asset disposition (ITAD), is offered by conventional waste and recycling companies, including Waste Management, Republic Services and Clean Harbors, as well as specialists such as Sims Lifecycle Services, Electronic Recyclers International, All Green Electronics Recycling and Full Circle Electronics.

“We’re definitely seeing a bit of an influx of [e-waste] coming into our warehouses,” said Full Circle Electronics CEO Dave Daily, adding, “I think that is due to some early refresh cycles.”

That’s a reference to businesses and consumers choosing to get ahead of the customary three-year time frame for purchasing new electronics, and discarding old stuff, in anticipation of tariff-related price increases.

Daily also is witnessing increased demand among downstream recyclers for e-waste Full Circle Electronics can’t refurbish and sell at wholesale. The company dismantles and separates it into 40 or 50 different types of material, from keyboards and mice to circuit boards, wires and cables. Recyclers harvest those items for metals and rare earths, which continue to go up in price on commodities markets, before reentering the supply chain as core raw materials.

Even before the Trump administration’s efforts to revitalize American manufacturing by reworking trade deals, and recent changes in tax credits key to the industry in Trump’s tax and spending bill, entrepreneurs have been launching e-waste recycling startups and developing technologies to process them for domestic OEMs.

“Many regions of the world have been kind of lazy about processing e-waste, so a lot of it goes offshore,” Sinha said. In response to that imbalance, “There seems to be a trend of nationalizing e-waste, because people suddenly realize that we have the same metals [they’ve] been looking for” from overseas sources, he said. “People have been rethinking the global supply chain, that they’re too long and need to be more localized.” 

China commands 90% of rare earth market

Several startups tend to focus on a particular type of e-waste. Lately, rare earths have garnered tremendous attention, not just because they’re in high demand by U.S. electronics manufacturers but also to lessen dependence on China, which dominates mining, processing and refining of the materials. In the production of rare-earth magnets — used in EVs, drones, consumer electronics, medical devices, wind turbines, military weapons and other products — China commands roughly 90% of the global supply chain.

The lingering U.S.–China trade war has only exacerbated the disparity. In April, China restricted exports of seven rare earths and related magnets in retaliation for U.S. tariffs, a move that forced Ford to shut down factories because of magnet shortages. China, in mid-June, issued temporary six-month licenses to certain major U.S. automaker suppliers and select firms. Exports are flowing again, but with delays and still well below peak levels.

The U.S. is attempting to catch up. Before this past week’s Trump administration deal, the Biden administration awarded $45 million in funding to MP Materials and the nation’s lone rare earths mine, in Mountain Pass, California. Back in April, the Interior Department approved development activities at the Colosseum rare earths project, located within California’s Mojave National Preserve. The project, owned by Australia’s Dateline Resources, will potentially become America’s second rare earth mine after Mountain Pass. 

A wheel loader takes ore to a crusher at the MP Materials rare earth mine in Mountain Pass, California, U.S. January 30, 2020. Picture taken January 30, 2020.

Steve Marcus | Reuters

Meanwhile, several recycling startups are extracting rare earths from e-waste. Illumynt has an advanced process for recovering them from decommissioned hard drives procured from data centers. In April, hard drive manufacturer Western Digital announced a collaboration with Microsoft, Critical Materials Recycling and PedalPoint Recycling to pull rare earths, as well as copper, gold, aluminum and steel, from end-of-life drives.

Canadian-based Cyclic Materials invented a process that recovers rare-earths and other metals from EV motors, wind turbines, MRI machines and data-center e-scrap. The company is investing more than $20 million to build its first U.S.-based facility in Mesa, Arizona. Late last year, Glencore signed a multiyear agreement with Cyclic to provide recycled copper for its smelting and refining operations.

Another hot feedstock for e-waste recyclers is end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, a source of not only lithium but also copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese and aluminum. Those materials are essential for manufacturing new EV batteries, which the Big Three automakers are heavily invested in. Their projects, however, are threatened by possible reductions in the Biden-era 45X production tax credit, featured in the new federal spending bill.

It’s too soon to know how that might impact battery recyclers — including Ascend Elements, American Battery Technology, Cirba Solutions and Redwood Materials — who themselves qualify for the 45X and other tax credits. They might actually be aided by other provisions in the budget bill that benefit a domestic supply chain of critical minerals as a way to undercut China’s dominance of the global market.

Nonetheless, that looming uncertainty should be a warning sign for e-waste recyclers, said Sinha. “Be careful not to build a recycling company on the back of one tax credit,” he said, “because it can be short-lived.”

Investing in recyclers can be precarious, too, Sinha said. While he’s happy to see recycling getting its due as a meaningful source of supply, he cautions people to be careful when investing in this space. Startups may have developed new technologies, but lack good enough business fundamentals. “Don’t invest on the hype,” he said, “but on the fundamentals.”

Glencore, ironically enough, is a case in point. It has invested $327.5 million in convertible notes in battery recycler Li-Cycle to provide feedstock for its smelter. The Toronto-based startup had broken ground on a new facility in Rochester, New York, but ran into financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection in May, prompting Glencore to submit a “stalking horse” credit bid of at least $40 million for the stalled project and other assets.

Even so, “the current environment will lead to more startups and investments” in e-waste recycling, Sinha said. “We are investing ourselves.”

MP Materials CEO on deal with the Defense Department

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LiveWire gives surprise unveil of two smaller, lower-cost electric motorcycles

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LiveWire gives surprise unveil of two smaller, lower-cost electric motorcycles

LiveWire, the electric motorcycle company that was spun out of Harley-Davidson several years ago, has just shown off two fun-sized electric motorcycles designed to make powered two-wheelers more accessible to new riders, both physically and financially.

The company took to HD Homecoming, a motorcycle festival in Milwaukee, to give a surprise unveiling of the new bikes.

The bikes, which wear what look to be smaller 12″ tires and offer a barely 30″ (76 cm) seat height, are smaller and nimbler than anything we’ve seen from LiveWire before.

But that doesn’t mean they can’t perform. These aren’t some 30 mph (48 km/h) mopeds. LiveWire confirmed that early testing shows respectable performance figures of around 53 mph (85 km/h) speeds and 100 miles (160 km) of range from the pair of removable batteries.

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I’m assuming that range is measured at a lower urban speed, but these appear to be purpose-built to give riders the capability to ride where and how they want at a much more affordable price than LiveWire has ever offered.

Showing off both a trail and a street version, the LiveWire seems to be covering all of its bases.

“The trail model is intended for riding backyards, pump tracks, or even out on the ranch or campgrounds,” the brand explained. “The street model is perfect for urban errands, new riders, mini-moto fans, and anyone looking for a new hobby in the form of a readily customizable, approachable electric moto experience.”

LiveWire hasn’t shared any pricing details yet, and the two models are understood to still be in their development phase, but the advanced stages of the designs mean we likely won’t have to wait too much longer.

And with most of LiveWire’s current electric motorcycle models in the $16k- $17k, these bikes could conceivably cost less than half of that figure, changing the equation for young riders who can’t afford a luxury ride.

Electrek’s Take

Of course, they had to do this unveiling at the exact time that I was banging out a multi-thousand-word treatise bemoaning the fact that LiveWire hadn’t launched any smaller models yet. Hmmm, maybe it’s time for an article about how the e-bike industry needs a single battery standard.

Anyway, I’m all-in on this! I can’t even describe how excited this news makes me! This is an important step for LiveWire’s growth because the kind of folks who are drawn to electric motorcycles are often a different market than that sought by traditional legacy motorcycle manufacturers. LiveWire’s existing models are impressive, both in their extreme performance and their design, but they’re still powerhouses that provide more kick than most riders probably need.

These new mini e-motos could be exactly what new riders are looking for. Consider all the teens and young adults ripping it up on Sur Rons in towns across the US right now. Those Sur Rons aren’t street-legal bikes and they were never meant for the riding they’re most commonly being used for. But a street bike in a fun little Grom form factor like LiveWire is showing off? It could scratch that itch and also provide riders with the safety and support of a motorcycle company that comes from a storied history of over 100 years of motorcycle design, all from a new brand like LiveWire that speaks young riders’ language.

And that trail version – same thing. It’s going to offer the fun off-road riding that so many are looking for, yet do it in a well-designed package that isn’t just produced by some nameless factory in China trying to eke out the best profit margin.

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This new wireless e-bike charger wants to be the future of electric bikes

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This new wireless e-bike charger wants to be the future of electric bikes

Forget fumbling with cables or hunting for batteries – TILER is making electric bike charging as seamless as parking your ride. The Dutch startup recently introduced its much-anticipated TILER Compact system, a plug-and-play wireless charger engineered to transform the user experience for e-bike riders.

At the heart of the new system is a clever combo: a charging kickstand that mounts directly to almost any e‑bike, and a thin charging mat that you simply park over. Once you drop the kickstand and it lands on the mat, the bike begins charging automatically via inductive transfer – no cable required. According to TILER, a 500 Wh battery will fully charge in about 3.5 hours, delivering comparable performance to traditional wired chargers.

It’s an elegantly simple concept (albeit a bit chunky) with a convenient upside: less clutter, fewer broken cables, and no more need to bend over while feeling around for a dark little hole.

TILER claims its system works with about 75% of existing e‑bike platforms, including those from Bosch, Yamaha, Bafang, and other big bames. The kit uses a modest 150 W wireless power output, which means charging speeds remain practical while keeping the system lightweight (the tile weighs just 2 kg, and it’s also stationary).

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TILER has already deployed over 200 charging points across Western Europe, primarily serving bike-share, delivery, hospitality, and hotel fleets. A recent case study in Munich showed how a cargo-bike operator saved approximately €1,250 per month in labor costs, avoided thousands in spare batteries, and cut battery damage by 20%. The takeaway? Less maintenance, more uptime.

Now shifting to prosumer markets, TILER says the Compact system will hit pre-orders soon, with a €250 price tag (roughly US $290) for the kickstand plus tile bundle. To get in line, a €29 refundable deposit is currently required, though they say it is refundable at any point until you receive your charger. Don’t get too excited just yet though, there’s a bit of a wait. Deliveries are expected in summer 2026, and for now are covering mostly European markets.

The concept isn’t entirely new. We’ve seen the idea pop up before, including in a patent from BMW for charging electric motorcycles. And the efficacy is there. Skeptics may wonder if wireless charging is slower or less efficient, but TILER says no. Its system retains over 85% efficiency, nearly matching wired charging speeds, and even pauses at 80% to protect battery health, then resumes as needed. The tile is even IP67-rated, safe for outdoor use, and about as bulky as a thick magazine.

Electrek’s Take

I love the concept. It makes perfect sense for shared e-bikes, especially since they’re often returning to a dock anyway. As long as people can be trained to park with the kickstand on the tile, it seems like a no-brainer.

And to be honest, I even like the idea for consumers. I know it sounds like a first-world problem, but bending over to plug something in at floor height is pretty annoying, not to mention a great way to throw out your back if you’re not exactly a spring chicken anymore. Having your e-bike start charging simply by parking it in the right place is a really cool feature! I don’t know if it’s $300 cool, but it’s pretty cool!

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