He was a tech whizz before he left primary school, dropped out of one of America’s top universities, and appeared to be spearheading a revolution that could change our lives forever.
Sam Altman would have been unknown to most outside tech circles before the launch of his firm’s breakthrough chatbot ChatGPT, but he has recently much of his time rubbing shoulders with world leaders and some of America’s most recognisable executives.
But in a surprise announcement on Friday, OpenAI – the firm behind ChatGPT – revealed Altman had been ousted as its chief executive after the board said it no longer had confidence in him.
Here, Sky News looks at the 38-year-old’s rise to fame – before his sudden axing.
Earlier life
Altman grew up in the US state of Missouri where, as an eight-year-old, he was gifted his first computer and quickly learnt not just how to use it, but to program for it.
Altman attended John Burroughs School in St Louis, and told The New Yorker in a 2016 interview that having his computer helped him come to terms with his sexuality and come out to his parents when he was a teenager.
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“Growing up gay in the Midwest in the 2000s was not the most awesome thing,” he recalled. “And finding AOL chatrooms was transformative. Secrets are bad when you are 11 or 12.”
With school in the rear-view mirror, it was time for university – Stanford, no less. Altman made his way to that famous California institution to study computer science, but dropped out after just two years, following in the footsteps of previous dropouts-turned-tech superstars Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg, who both abandoned their Harvard degrees before becoming two of history’s most influential CEOs.
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Abandoning a precious spot at one of America’s top universities seemed such a rite of passage for the country’s leading tech entrepreneurs that it played right into the success story of the now disgraced Elizabeth Holmes, whose departure from Stanford to gatecrash Silicon Valley led to a wave of media attention not dissimilar to that currently given to Altman.
His first post-university venture was a smartphone app called Loopt, which let users selectively share their real-time location with other people. Some $30m (£24m) was raised to launch the company, aided by funding from a start-up accelerator firm called Y Combinator, which lists the likes of Airbnb and Twitch among the internet companies it has helped establish.
Altman became president of Y Combinator itself in 2014, after the sale of Loopt for $44m (£35m) in 2012. He also founded his own venture capital fund called Hydrazine Capital, attracting enough investment to be named on the Forbes 30 Under 30 list for venture capital. As if he wasn’t busy enough, Altman also ran Reddit for a grand total of eight days amid a leadership shake-up in 2014, describing his tenure as “sort of fun”.
The rise of OpenAI
While his time at the top of Reddit only lasted eight days, his oversight of OpenAI has lasted eight years. He was “doing pretty well” with it, he said in a February tweet (certainly compared to Loopt, which, he now says, “sucked”).
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He launched the company with a certain Elon Musk (who only ran SpaceX and Tesla at the time) in 2015, the two men providing funding alongside the likes of Amazon and Microsoft, totalling $1bn (£800m).
It was run as a non-profit with the noble goal of developing AI while making sure it doesn’t wipe out humanity.
So far, mission accomplished – but if Altman’s to be believed, the risk since has become very real indeed.
Under his tenure, OpenAI ceased to be a non-profit and grew to an estimated value of up to $29bn (£23bn), all thanks to the remarkable success of its generative AI tools – ChatGPT for text and DALL-E for images.
Microsoft boss Satya Nadella described Altman as an “unbelievable entrepreneur” who bets big and bets right, which OpenAI’s success makes hard to argue with.
ChatGPT amassed tens of millions of users within weeks of launching in late 2022, wowing experts and casual observers alike with its ability to pass the world’s toughest exams, get through job applications, compose anything from political speeches to children’s homework, and write its own computer code.
Suddenly the concept of a large language model (meaning it is trained on huge amounts of text data so that it can understand our requests and respond accordingly) became something of a mainstream buzz term, its popularity seeing Microsoft invest extra cash into OpenAI and bring the tech to its Bing search engine and Office apps.
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Will this chatbot replace humans?
‘My worst fears’
For all the wonder such systems have provided, it’s matched – if not surpassed – by the concerns. Whether it be spreading disinformation or making jobs redundant, governments are scrambling to formulate an effective way of regulating a technology that seems destined to change the world forever.
“My worst fears are that we, the industry, cause significant harm to the world,” Altman told the US Senate, his assessment that government regulation would be “critical to mitigate the risks” undoubtedly music to the ears of politicians who never seem overly impressed by figures from the tech world.
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AI speech used to open Congress hearing
In the space of a few short weeks, Altman met the US vice president, Kamala Harris, France’s Emmanuel Macron, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen and the British prime minister, Rishi Sunak – all politicians who share the same hopes and fears about the potential benefits and dangers of AI.
Announcing Altman’s departure as OpenAI chief executive on, the company said a review found he had not been “consistently candid in his communications with the board”.
He posted on social media following the announcement, writing: “I loved my time at OpenAI.
“It was transformative for me personally, and hopefully the world a little bit.
“Most of all, I loved working with such talented people. (I) will have more to say about what’s next later.”
The Russian state has been making more money from its oil and gas industry in the past three months than in any comparable period since the early days of the Ukraine invasion, it has emerged.
The figures underline that despite the imposition of various sanctions on fossil fuel exports from Russia since February 2022, the country is still making significant sums from them. This is in part because rather than preventing Russia from exporting oil, gas and coal, they have simply changed the geography of the global fossil fuels business.
In the three months to April, Russia made a monthly average of 1.2 trillion rubles (£10.4bn) from its oil and gas revenues, according to Sky analysis of figures collected by Bloomberg.
That is the highest three-month average since April 2022.
It comes amid elevated oil prices and concerns that sanctions on Russia are failing to prevent the country earning money and waging war on Ukraine.
Before the invasion of Ukraine, the world’s biggest recipients of Russian oil experts were the European Union, the US and China. Since then, the UK, US and EU have banned the import of crude oil or refined products from Russia.
G7 nations have also introduced a price cap which aims to prevent any Western companies – from shipping firms to insurers – from assisting with any Russian oil exports for anything more than $60 a barrel.
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However, Russia continues to export just as much oil as it did before the invasion of Ukraine and the imposition of the price cap.
Sanctions experts say the price cap has been a qualified success, since it has slightly reduced the potential revenues enjoyed by the Kremlin, if it intends to ship that oil via most commercial ships. In response, Russia is reported to have built up a so-called “dark fleet” of ships carrying Russian oil without obeying those sanctions.
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The top three destinations for Russian oil are now China, India and Turkey. The UK now imports considerably more oil and oil products from the Middle East than before, making it more reliant on the Gulf.
However, Russian fossil fuel molecules are still being exported to the UK, albeit indirectly, because the sanctions imposed by western nations do not cover oil products refined elsewhere.
The upshot is that Indian refineries are importing a record amount of oil from Russia, and Britain is importing a record amount of oil from Indian refineries – up by 176% since the invasion of Ukraine.
At least some Russian oil still powers the cars in Britain and the planes refilling in British airports, but because it is impossible to trace the fossil fuels molecule by molecule, it is hard to know precisely how much.
A “nationwide issue” with e-gates at airports has been resolved after causing travel chaos across the country, the Home Office has said.
It said the system was back up and running and there was “no indication of malicious cyber activity”.
Social media images and footage showed long queues at the passport scanning gates at several airports overnight.
Passengers also reported being held on planes after they landed, while others said the delays caused them to miss trains.
Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted airports were affected, as well as Manchester, Bristol and Southampton, along with Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen.
One passenger at Stansted Airport told Sky News they had missed several coaches to central London because of the issues, and only cleared the airport after nearly three hours in line.
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Travel chaos across UK airports
“Not much info given. No water handed out. Babies crying,” they said.
Another at Luton Airport said it took around 80 minutes from leaving their flight from Amsterdam to get through border control.
One traveller said they were held on their plane at Stansted for around an hour and a half after landing.
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“We weren’t told much other than the e-gates were down but had no idea how long it would take,” they told Sky News.
“After that not much was said other than we couldn’t disembark till the other five planes ahead of us did.”
A Home Office spokesperson said: “E-gates at UK airports came back online shortly after midnight.
“As soon as engineers detected a wider system network issue at 7.44pm last night, a large-scale contingency response was activated within six minutes.
“At no point was border security compromised, and there is no indication of malicious cyber activity.”
E-gate system crashed last year
The disruption came after Border Force workers staged a four-day strike at Heathrow Airport in a dispute over working conditions last week.
The union said workers were protesting against plans to introduce new rosters, which they claim will see around 250 of them forced out of their jobs at passport control.
The UK’s e-gates system also crashed in May last year, causing long queues and several hours of delays for passengers.
At the time travel expert Paul Charles told Sky News underinvestment in the UK’s transport infrastructure had left these systems “hanging by a thread”.
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Experts have hailed a “critical turning point” as renewable power generated a record-breaking 30% of the world’s electricity last year, new data has found.
It raises hopes that the peaking of global greenhouse gas emissions is on the horizon.
But there are concerns many countries are being held up in their switch to clean power because they cannot access the cash needed to fund it.
Last year’s renewable power “milestone” was driven by yet another booming year for wind and especially solar.
China, Brazil and the Netherlands led the way in terms of fast roll-outs, thinktank Ember said in its annual Global Electricity Review.
Christiana Figueres, former United Nations climate chief, called 2023 a “critical turning point”.
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She said “outdated” fossil fuels now can’t compete with the “exponential innovations and declining cost curves in renewable energy and storage”.
“All of humanity and the planet upon which we depend will be better off for it,” she added.
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In the last two decades, solar and wind have defied expectations and grown far faster than expected, surging from just 0.2% of global power generation in 2000 to 13.4% in 2023.
Dave Jones, Ember’s head of global insights, said the huge growth was due to “matured” policies and technologies and a plummet in costs.
The cost of solar power halved last year despite a surge in demand, thanks to an explosion in manufacturing capacity.
Meanwhile problems that had held up wind power – such as inflationary costs – began to resolve, unlocking more projects.
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China ramps up coal power despite pledge to control it
A ‘genuinely ambitious’ renewables target
At the COP28 climate summit in Dubai last year leaders pledged to triple renewable power capacity by 2030.
The “genuinely ambitious” target shows leaders are backing renewables, which are the “main tools that we have in the box today to deliver the big emissions reductions we need”, rather than riskier technology, such as that to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, Mr Jones said.
Ember suggests the global burning of fossil fuels in the power sector probably peaked in 2023 and will start to fall this year, along with the pollution and emissions they bring.
As the power sector accounts for the largest share of global emissions, that means global emissions could start to fall soon too.
That is good news for curbing climate change, although scientists have repeatedly warned that emissions are not falling fast enough to limit global warming to agreed safer levels.
Mr Jones said the pace of emissions falls “depends on how fast the renewables revolution continues”.
Joab Okanda, a senior adviser for Christian Aid, based in Kenya, said the roll-out would be “so much faster with the right investment” in African nations, which often face much higher borrowing costs than other countries.
Hanan Morsy, deputy executive secretary and chief economist at the UN’s Economic Commission for Africa, said the continent holds “big potential in renewable energy”.
“Yet a dismally small share of less than 2% of global renewable energy investments are made on the continent. The continent can’t develop further without access to energy.”
He called for financial reforms to bring in affordable and new types of funding.
Financing the clean transition in developing nations, which have typically contributed the least to climate change, will be a key issue at this year’s UN climate summit, COP29 in Azerbaijan.