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Microsoft says its £2.5bn UK investment will enable more than a million people to gain crucial skills in the burgeoning sphere of artificial intelligence (AI).

The US tech firm’s president, Brad Smith, said its three-year programme led by datacentre expansion from 2026 was “the most important infrastructure of the second quarter of the 21st century”.

Training and partnership programmes, the latter concentrating on AI safety and research with government and universities, are the other major elements.

Speaking on a visit to the construction site for the new London datacentre, Chancellor Jeremy Hunt said it was a “massive day in the UK’s ambition to be the next Silicon Valley” and a “massive vote of confidence by Microsoft who do think the UK is going to be the next Silicon Valley”.

The £2.5bn investment was announced earlier this week as part of almost £30bn in foreign direct investment secured by the government ahead of its Global Investment Summit.

Under details released on Thursday, the Treasury said Microsoft was bringing more than 20,000 of the most advanced Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) – crucial for machine learning and the development of AI models – to the country.

The site of Microsoft's new datacentre in London
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Construction of Microsoft’s new datacentre in west London began earlier this year

“This is the single largest investment in its 40-year history in the country which will see Microsoft grow its UK AI infrastructure across sites in London and Cardiff and potential expansion into northern England, helping to meet the exploding demand for efficient, scalable and sustainable AI specific compute power,” the statement said.

Mr Smith said during a tour of the London site: “In this five-storey complex there will be put the world’s most advanced computer chips, the servers, they will provide the AI infrastructure for much of the UK.

“And we’re doing this in London, in Cardiff, in all probability in northern England. What we’re announcing today is Microsoft is investing £2.5bn in the next three years to build that infrastructure and then combining that with a programme to provide AI skills to more than a million people.”

The deal was confirmed a few months after the company had questioned whether the UK was a place to do business.

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Why the change of heart for CMA?

It had appealed for ministers to intervene after its initial £55bn takeover of Call of Duty video game maker Activision Blizzard was blocked by the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) in April.

The regulator later, and unusually, U-turned on its opposition when Microsoft offered a new remedy following the final ruling.

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The government has always denied any interference.

Mr Hunt said of Microsoft’s investment: “The UK is the tech hub of Europe with an ecosystem worth more than that of Germany and France combined – and this investment is another vote of confidence in us as a science superpower.

“And it follows the £500m investment in Compute that I committed to in my autumn statement last week, taking our investment in advanced computing for AI to £1.5bn – a down payment on the jobs and economic growth it will bring to the UK.”

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Tesco eyes delivery of Crown Post Office branches

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Tesco eyes delivery of Crown Post Office branches

Tesco has expressed interest in acquiring more than 100 Crown Post Offices whose future has been placed under review as the state-owned company explores shifting them to a franchise model.

Sky News has learnt that Nigel Railton, the Post Office chairman, told a group of MPs this week that Britain’s biggest retailer had informed it of a potential interest in taking over the sites.

One MP who attended the talks on the future of the directly managed branches said that Mr Railton had given the impression in his remarks that Tesco was among a small number of suitors which could take over the entire 108-strong network.

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Full list of Crown sites under threat

The fate of the Crown Post Offices was called into question last autumn as part of a wider strategic review initiated by Mr Railton, who took over as chair of the company following Henry Staunton’s sacking by Kemi Badenoch, the then business secretary.

Collectively, the branches employ close to 1,000 people, with many of those jobs likely to be safeguarded in the event of an acquisition of the whole network by a single retailer.

The meeting between Mr Railton and more than 20 MPs was organised to discuss the future of the directly managed branches, which form a very small part of the wider Post Office network.

Trade union officials have expressed concern about the company’s plans.

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November: Post Office could close 115 branches

Following several enquiries, Tesco eventually responded by saying it would not comment.

A Post Office spokesperson said: “We are fully committed to engaging openly and transparently with MPs regarding any potential plans related to our Directly Managed Branch (DMB) network.

“Since inviting expressions of interest for 108 Post Offices that we currently operate, we have received interest from retail partners and independent postmasters in the hundreds.

“We remain committed to engaging with our trade unions over the potential future ownership of our Directly Managed Branches, which are loss-making for us, into March before updating our colleagues who work in these branches on any potential next steps.”

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The strategic review outlined in November is designed to bolster sub-postmasters’ pay substantially during the coming years.

The loss-making Post Office requires an annual subsidy from the Treasury, with its future called into question as the Horizon IT scandal continues to sow controversy.

Sky News revealed last year that the Department for Business and Trade had drafted in consultants from BCG to explore options for turning the Post Office into a mutual.

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‘Godfather’ of AI warns arms race risks amplifying dangers of ‘superhuman’ systems

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'Godfather' of AI warns arms race risks amplifying dangers of 'superhuman' systems

An arms race for artificial intelligence (AI) supremacy, triggered by recent panic over Chinese chatbot DeepSeek, risks amplifying the existential dangers of superintelligence, according to one of the “godfathers” of AI.

Canadian machine learning pioneer Yoshua Bengio, author of the first International AI Safety Report to be presented at an international AI summit in Paris next week, warns unchecked investment in computational power for AI without oversight is dangerous.

“The effort is going into who’s going to win the race, rather than how do we make sure we are not going to build something that blows up in our face,” Mr Bengio says.

He warns that military and economic races “result in cutting corners on ethics, cutting corners on responsibility and on safety. It’s unavoidable”.

Mr Bengio worked on neural networks and machine learning, the software architecture that underpins modern AI models.

He is in London, along with other AI pioneers to receive the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering, the most prestigious global award for engineering, in recognition of AI and its potential.

He’s enthusiastic about its benefits for society, but the pivot away from AI regulation by Donald Trump‘s White House and frantic competition among big tech companies for more powerful AI models is a worrying shift.

‘Superhuman systems becoming more powerful’

“We are building systems that are more and more powerful; becoming superhuman in some dimensions,” he says.

“As these systems become more powerful, they also become extraordinarily more valuable, economically speaking.

“So the magnitude of, ‘wow, this is going to make me a lot of money’ is motivating a lot of people. And of course, when you want to sell products, you don’t want to talk about the risks.”

But not all the “godfathers” of AI are so concerned.

Take Yann LeCun, Meta’s chief AI scientist, also in London to share in the QEPrize.

Yann LeCun, Meta's Chief AI scientist
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Yann LeCun, Meta’s Chief AI scientist

“We have been deluded into thinking that large language models are intelligent, but really, they’re not,” he says.

“We don’t have machines that are nearly as smart as a house cat, in terms of understanding the physical world.”

Within three to five years, Mr LeCun predicts, AI will have some aspects of human-level intelligence. Robots, for example, that can perform tasks they’ve not been programmed or trained to do.

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But, he argues, rather than make the world less safe, open-source AI models such as DeepSeek – a chatbot developed by a Chinese company that rivals the best of America’s big tech with a tenth of the computing power – demonstrates no one will dominate for long.

“If the US decides to clam up when it comes to AI for geopolitical reasons, or, commercial reasons, then you’ll have innovation someplace else in the world. DeepSeek showed that,” he says.

The Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering prize is awarded each year to engineers whose discoveries have, or promise to have, the greatest impact on the world.

Previous recipients include the pioneers of photovoltaic cells in solar panels, wind turbine technology and neodymium magnets found in hard drives, and electric motors.

Science minister Lord Vallance, who chairs the QEPrize foundation, says he is alert to the potential risks of AI.

Organisations such as the UK’s new AI Safety Institute are designed to foresee and prevent the potential harms AI “human-like” intelligence might bring.

Science minister Lord Vallance
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Science minister Lord Vallance

But he is less concerned about one nation or company having a monopoly on AI.

“I think what we’ve seen in the last few weeks is it’s much more likely that we’re going to have many companies in this space, and the idea of single-point dominance is rather unlikely,” he says.

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Treasury Committee demands HMRC answers on sanctions regime after Sky News investigation

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Treasury Committee demands HMRC answers on sanctions regime after Sky News investigation

The Treasury Select Committee has sent a formal notice to HM Revenue & Customs demanding answers to critical questions about how it has been enforcing trade sanctions on Russia, following a Sky News investigation into the government department.

Last month Sky News reported that while HMRC had issued six fines in relation to sanction-breaking since 2022, it would not name the firms sanctioned or provide any further detail on what they did wrong. HMRC also admitted it had no idea how many investigations it was currently carrying out into sanction-breaking.

The admissions raised questions about the robustness of Britain’s trade sanctions regime, described by government ministers as the toughest in British history.

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How robust are UK-Russia sanctions?

While the UK has introduced rules preventing the export of certain goods to Russia, banned items are still flowing into the country via third countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Some suspect that part of the reason these flows continue is that HMRC is not enforcing the rules as robustly as it could be.

Following Sky News’ investigation, the chair of the Treasury Select Committee (TSC), Dame Meg Hiller, has written a letter to the chief executive of HMRC, Sir Jim Harra, with 10 questions about HMRC’s conduct in the enforcement of sanctions.

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Among the questions, the TSC chair asks: “Why doesn’t HMRC publish information on breaches in sanctions in a similar way to the Office for Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI), which gives the details of the company, how it breached sanctions and the amount of penalty issued?”

Many other countries around the world – most notably the United States – routinely “name and shame” those who break sanctions, in part as a deterrent and in part to inform other businesses about what it takes to break the rules. But HMRC instead protects the privacy of those who break sanctions.

The TSC has been scrutinising the sanctions regime in recent months, examining loopholes in the legislation and its enforcement. HMRC has been asked to respond to the letter by 17 February.

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