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We’re rolling out one genuine use case for AI and crypto each day this week — including reasons why you shouldn’t necessarily believe the hype. Today: How blockchain can fight the fakes.

Generative AI is extremely good at generating fake photos, fake letters, fake bills, fake conversations — fake everything. Near co-founder Illia Polosukhin warns that soon, we won’t know which content to trust.

“If we don’t solve this reputation and authentication of content (problem), shit will get really weird,” Polosukhin explains. “You’ll get phone calls, and you’ll think this is from somebody you know, but it’s not.”

“All the images you see, all the content, the books will be (suspect). Imagine a history book that kids are studying, and literally every kid has seen a different textbook — and it’s trying to affect them in a specific way.”

Blockchain can be used to transparently trace the provenance of online content so that users can distinguish between genuine content and AI-generated images. But it won’t sort out truth from lies.

“That’s the wrong take on the problem because people write not-true stuff all the time. It’s more a question of when you see something, is it by the person that it says it is?” Polosukhin says.

“And that’s where reputation systems come in: OK, this content comes from that author; can we trust what that author says?”

“So, cryptography becomes an instrument to ensure consistency and traceability and then you need reputation around this cryptography — on-chain accounts and record keeping to actually ensure that ‘X posted this’ and ‘X is working for Cointelegraph right now.’”

If it’s such a great idea why isn’t anyone doing it already?

There are a variety of existing supply chain projects that use blockchain to prove the provenance of goods in the real world, including VeChain and OriginTrail.

However, content-based provenance has yet to take off. The Trive News project aimed to crowdsource article verification via blockchain, while the Po.et project stamped a transparent history of content on the blockchain, but both are now defunct 

More recently, Fact Protocol was launched, using a combination of AI and Web3 technology in an attempt to crowdsource the validation of news. The project joined the Content Authenticity Initiative in March last year

When somebody shares an article or piece of content online, it is first automatically validated using AI and then fact-checkers from the protocol set out to double-check it and then record the information, along with timestamps and transaction hashes, on-chain.

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“We don’t republish the content on our platform, but we create a permanent, on-chain record of it, as well as a record of the fact-checks conducted and the validators for the same,” founder Mohith Agadi told The Decrypting Story. 

And in August, global news agency Reuters ran a proof-of-concept pilot program that used a prototype Canon camera to store the metadata for photos on-chain using the C2PA standard.

It also integrated Starling Lab’s authentication framework into its picture desk workflow. With the metadata, edit history and blockchain registration embedded in the photograph, users can verify a picture’s authenticity by comparing its unique identifier to the one recorded on the public ledger.

Academic research in the area is ongoing, too. 

Is blockchain needed?

Technically, no. One of the issues hamstringing this use case is that you actually don’t need blockchain or crypto to prove where a piece of content came from. However, doing so makes the process much more robust.

So, while you could use cryptographic signatures to verify content, Polosukhin asks how the reader can be certain it is the right signature? If the key is posted on the originating website, someone can still hack that website.

Web2 deals with these issues by using trusted service providers, he explains, “but that breaks all the time.”

“Symantec was hacked, and they were issuing SSL certificates that were not valid. Websites are getting hacked — Curve, even Web3 websites are getting hacked because they run on a Web2 stack,” he says.

“So, from my perspective, at least, if we’re looking forward to a future where this is used in malicious ways, we need tools that are actually resilient to that.”

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Don’t believe the hype

People have been discussing this use case for blockchain to fight “disinformation” and deep fakes long before AI took off, and there has been little progress until recently. 

Microsoft has just rolled out its new watermark to crack down on generative AI fakes being used in election campaigns. The watermark from the Coalition for Content Provenance Authenticity is permanently attached to the metadata and shows who created it and whether AI was involved.

The New York Times, Adobe, the BBC, Truepic, Washington Post and Arm are all members of C2PA. However, the solution doesn’t require the use of blockchain, as the metadata can be secured with hashcodes and certified digital signatures.

That said, it can also be recorded on blockchain, as Reuter’s pilot program in August demonstrated. And the awareness arm of C2PA is called the Content Authenticity Initiative, and Web3 outfits, including Rarible, Fact Protocol, Livepeer and Dfinity, are CAI members flying the flag for blockchain.

Also read:

Real AI use cases in crypto, No. 1: The best money for AI is crypto
Real AI use cases in crypto, No. 2: AIs can run DAOs
Real AI use cases in crypto, No. 3: Smart contract audits & cybersecurity

Andrew Fenton

Andrew Fenton

Based in Melbourne, Andrew Fenton is a journalist and editor covering cryptocurrency and blockchain. He has worked as a national entertainment writer for News Corp Australia, on SA Weekend as a film journalist, and at The Melbourne Weekly.

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Busy week for Labour as Starmer facing pressure over winter fuel payments and first prisoners to be released early

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Busy week for Labour as Starmer facing pressure over winter fuel payments and first prisoners to be released early

Labour’s post-election honeymoon looks to be over as it faces pressure this week over winter fuel payments, releasing prisoners early, and the state of the NHS.

Two months after winning a historic majority, Sir Keir Starmer and his ministers have a busy week as they face pressure not just from other parties, but their own MPs.

A vote on winter fuel payments, the prime minister speaking at the TUC conference, prisoners being released early, the publication of a report into the NHS and Sir Keir’s trip to the US are all on the cards this week.

Monday will see Chancellor Rachel Reeves addressing Labour MPs at a Parliamentary Labour Party meeting, where she is expected to face concerns about removing the winter fuel payment from 10 million pensioners.

MPs will vote on Tuesday on whether to limit the winter fuel payment to those on pension credit, after the government announced its intention at the end of July.

Labour MPs will be told they must vote with the government, however several, particularly on the left of the party, have voiced their opposition to the cut.

It is understood they may abstain instead of voting against the government, after Sir Keir set a clear precedent by suspending seven MPs from Labour after they rebelled over the decision to keep the two-child benefit cap.

Sir Keir would not say if he would again suspend MPs for voting against the government, telling the BBC on Sunday: “That will be a matter for the chief whip.”

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‘Not remotely happy’ about cutting winter fuel

The prime minister will also address the Trades Union Congress (TUC) conference on Tuesday, where he is set to be questioned about the winter fuel payment cut and workers’ rights.

Sharon Graham, head of the Unite union, told Sky News on Sunday that they want the government to “think again” and called for a wealth tax instead.

She said: “We are in crisis. The Tories left a mess. No one’s denying that. Labour is right about that, but the choices they make to clear it up are really important.

“If we said the top 50 families in Britain are worth £500 billion, why aren’t they being looked at?

“Why are you looking at pensioners who really don’t have any sort of type of money? That’s the wrong choice to make.”

Read more:
Starmer ‘determined to make tough decisions’

Sign ups for pension credit double

Rachel Reeves leaves Downing Street following a cabinet meeting. 
Pic: PA
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Rachel Reeves will try to allay concerns from Labour MPs about the winter fuel payment cut. Pic: PA

In a packed day for the government, Tuesday is also when the first tranche of prisoners will be released early under the Labour government as it tries to alleviate overpopulated prisons.

The Ministry of Justice admitted this week some serious offenders will be released early if they are serving a sentence for a lesser crime, having completed a sentence for a serious crime.

Reports on Saturday also claimed those serving time for common assault for being violent towards a partner would not be flagged as domestic abusers, so could be released early.

Sir Keir blamed the Conservative government for not building enough prisons, saying he was “forced into this”.

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Government ‘picking the pockets of pensioners’

Thursday will see the publication of a report into the state of the NHS by Lord Darzi, an eminent cancer surgeon and former Labour health minister.

The report has already had some sections released in summary, with children’s health and the progression of heart and circulatory diseases heavily criticised.

Sir Keir said the report showed the NHS was “broken” as he again hit out at the Conservatives’ “unforgivable” reforms.

To end the week, the prime minister will head to Washington DC for his second meeting with President Joe Biden since becoming prime minister.

On Sunday, Sir Keir denied the US was angry at the UK for suspending some arms sale licences to Israel and said they had spoken before and after the decision.

He said discussions with Mr Biden will focus on the next few months in Ukraine and the Middle East.

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Government ‘picking pockets of pensioners’ by cutting winter fuel payments, says Unite boss

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Government 'picking pockets of pensioners' by cutting winter fuel payments, says Unite boss

Firebrand union leader Sharon Graham has told Sky News that Chancellor Rachel Reeves is guilty of “picking the pockets of pensioners” by cutting winter fuel payments. 

The leader of the Unite union was speaking on the opening day of the TUC conference in Brighton, where she spearheaded demands for a wealth tax on millionaires to fund restoring the winter cash for pensioners.

“Britain is in crisis, and we need to make very, very different choices,” said Ms Graham.

“We’re calling on Labour not to pick the pockets of pensioners, but to have a wealth tax on the biggest and richest 1% in society.”

She said her proposal would create £25 billion, more than enough to fill the £22 billion “black hole” blamed by the chancellor and Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer for the cuts.

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“Job’s done, let’s move on and change society,” she added.

“We’re calling for the government to think again. This issue isn’t going to go away. We’re coming up to winter. People are going to be freezing cold.

“You’re going to have older people not wanting to put on their heat.”

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Streeting ‘not happy’ about winter fuel cut

14 years of ‘queueing for a pay rise’

On unions’ calls for pay to be restored to 2010 levels, Ms Graham said: “Workers and communities have been back of the queue for over 14 years. They’ve been right at the back of the queue. They’ve had pay freezes.

“They haven’t had pay rises in line with inflation. And the inflation is baked in. So while inflation is going up more slowly, those prices are still baked in.

“And what we’re saying, as the union movement, is that workers need to be paid properly and that is something that we should be proud of.

“We should be proud to say that workers should be paid properly. And that’s what I’m pushing for.”

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Health Secretary Wes Streeting says NHS waiting lists need to be ‘millions lower’ by 2029

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Health Secretary Wes Streeting says NHS waiting lists need to be 'millions lower' by 2029

The health secretary has said NHS waiting lists need to be “millions lower” by the next general election in 2029.

Wes Streeting told Sky News’ Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips he is willing to do whatever it takes to ensure waiting lists are brought down, including using the private sector.

He said the “NHS waiting list will need to be millions lower by the end of this parliament”.

Mr Streeting said he wants to end the “two-tier system” where those who can afford it go private “and those who can’t are being left behind”.

However, he said where there is spare capacity in the private sector the NHS should use that to get waiting lists down.

“Rebuilding that [the NHS] takes time,” he said.

“So in the meantime, I’m looking to pull every single lever I can to make sure that people get treated as fast as possible and as safely as possible.

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“And you can get those waiting lists down, get people back to health, back to work, or back to enjoying their lives in retirement.”

Mr Streeting said his centre-left principles mean he cannot leave “working class people waiting longer even where there is spare capacity in the private sector that we could use via the NHS to get those people treated faster”.

Questioned on whether GPs will get the 11% pay rise they are asking for, after Labour gave other public sector workers their requested increases, Mr Streeting would not confirm they will.

Instead, he said he has been in negotiations with the British Medical Association (BMA) GP committee and met them “many times” since becoming health secretary.

However, he said said he did want to “set expectations in the wrong places” as he cited cutting the winter fuel allowance for pensioners not claiming pension credit.

“There are difficult balances to strike in the public finances,” he said.

An investigation into the state of the NHS, ordered by the government in July, has been undertaken by Lord Darzi, an eminent surgeon and former Labour health minister, and will be published on Thursday.

Sir Keir Starmer said the review shows the NHS is “broken” and is expected to reveal that “too many” people are being let down by the NHS.

Shadow health secretary Victoria Atkins said she was concerned by Lord Darzi’s links to the Labour party as she said the NHS situation in Wales, which has been under Labour control for more than 100 years, is “lamentable”.

“This report, I fear, is cover for the Labour Party to raise our taxes in the budget in October and they are laying the groundwork for this,” she said.

“They weren’t straight with us about wind fuel payments. They’re not being straight with us about taxes. And we need to have a grown up conversation about the NHS, but this is not the way to go about it.”

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