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The vast scale of methane leaks from fossil fuel production and landfill sites has been exposed by analysis carried out exclusively for Sky News.

Around 1,300 “super-emitters” of the potent greenhouse gas have been identified so far in 2023 by the monitoring company Kayrros, which uses satellites to detect plumes of the gas.

It looks for non-natural sources of methane – primarily gas wells, pipelines, coal mines and landfill sites.

According to the data, the largest oil and gas source was on the Cheleken Peninsula in Turkmenistan, where a leak from one facility is estimated to have peaked at 333 tonnes per hour in August.

At that rate the hourly release of methane was equivalent to the greenhouse gas emissions from a car driving around 38,000 miles.

Another leak, from a blown-out drilling well in Kazakhstan, released between 21 and 56 tonnes of the methane every hour for 153 days between June and November.

Coal is also a problem with one facility in Shanxi, China, peaking at around 181 tonnes an hour last February.

And the methane release from buried waste at a landfill site in Dhaka city in Bangladesh peaked at 822 tonnes an hour in April.

Antoine Rostand, co-founder of Kayrros, told Sky News being able to observe emissions from space means there is no hiding.

“Previously we could measure the amount of methane in the atmosphere, but now we really know exactly where it’s coming from,” he said.

“Which country, which company, which assets are emitting methane in the atmosphere.”

Kayrros’s data shows Turkmenistan had higher methane emissions than any other nation, followed by the United States, India, Russia and Pakistan.

Methane is the natural gas burned by boilers and other appliances in people’s homes.

But if it is released without being burned, often during maintenance on pipelines, it acts as a heat “bomb” in the atmosphere.

The gas causes 80 times more global warming as the same amount of carbon dioxide over a 20-year period.

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But it also represents a huge opportunity for bending the curve on rising temperatures. Because it only persists in the atmosphere for around a decade rather than several centuries, as in the case of carbon dioxide, turning off the tap on emissions would have a rapid impact.

The United States has announced new rules for fossil fuel companies requiring them to monitor and fix leaks, which should reduce methane emissions by 58 million tonnes between 2024 and 2038.

Mr Rostand said the rules are overdue.

“The have the technology, they have the money, they know exactly what to do,” he said.

“They’re almost lacking any kind of overall regulation.

“A lot of players are doing a bit but some are not. And this is where regulation plays, because then it will put every single producer on an equal footing.”

Read more:
Previous decade ‘hottest on record’
Why China continues to invest in coal

So far 150 countries have signed up to the Global Methane Pledge, a commitment to reduce emissions by 30% by 2030.

If it is achieved it could reduce the global average temperature by 0.2C and prevent 255,000 premature deaths from extreme heat, according to the Pledge text.

The Kayrros data reveals there are no methane leaks in Europe, but Mr Rostand said the UK and other countries should put more pressure on suppliers of imported natural gas to stop releasing it into the atmosphere.

“It’s really a complete waste, because companies can sell it,” he said.

“It has an economic value, it’s easy to fix. It’s the elephant in the room, the low hanging fruit.”

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Spanish defence minister’s jet suffers GPS disturbance near Russian enclave

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Spanish defence minister's jet suffers GPS disturbance near Russian enclave

A Spanish military jet with a defence minister on board suffered a GPS “disturbance” while on the way to Lithuania, according to Spanish officials.

The military aircraft was flying near Russia’s Kaliningrad enclave on Wednesday morning when the incident is reported to have happened.

Margarita Robles was the minister on the flight, according to Spanish officials.

A commander onboard the Spanish plane said such incidents are common when flying near Kaliningrad, both for civil and military aircraft – and military satellites could also be used to navigate.

A Spanish defence ministry spokesperson said: “There has been an attempt to disrupt the GPS signal, but as our aircraft has an encrypted system, it was not affected.

“It must be common on this route and also with commercial flights. It is not because it is our aircraft.”

Read more: Who is messing with GPS signals – and why?

Ms Robles was due to have a bilateral meeting with her Lithuanian counterpart Dovile Sakaliene during a visit to the Siauliai airbase on Wednesday, according to the Spanish government’s agenda.

The plane was also carrying relatives of Spanish airmen forming part of the new NATO air defence mission on Europe’s eastern flank.

It was launched earlier this month after Poland shot down drones that had violated its airspace.

The Spanish contingent last week intercepted eight Russian aircraft operating over the Baltic Sea, Spain’s defence ministry added in a statement.

Ms Robles, 68, has been Spain’s defence minister since 2018.

In June, she said Spain was “absolutely committed” to NATO and the European Union.

Read more from Sky News:
Kremlin responds after Trump’s ‘big shift’ – UN latest updates
Farage criticised for failing to ‘stand up to idol’ Trump

Ursula von der Leyen speaks in Lithuania on 1 September. Pic: AP
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Ursula von der Leyen speaks in Lithuania on 1 September. Pic: AP

Then in August, the minister said Spain would work to “invigorate” the European fighter jet project, known as FCAS.

It came after Spain revealed it was no longer considering the option of buying US-made F-35 fighter jets and would refocus its defence spending on buying European-made equipment.

At the end of August, a plane carrying European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen suffered GPS jamming as a result of suspected Russian interference, an EU spokesperson told Sky News.

Estonia and neighbouring Finland have also previously blamed Russia for jamming GPS navigation devices in the region’s airspace.

Russia has denied interfering with communication and satellite networks.

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Israel kills 22 people including 9 children in ‘horrific massacre’ in Gaza, Palestinian officials say

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Israel kills 22 people including 9 children in 'horrific massacre' in Gaza, Palestinian officials say

Israel killed 22 people – including nine children – in strikes on Gaza City today, Palestinian officials say.

Gaza civil defence spokesman Mahmoud Bassal described the killings as a “horrific massacre”.

Video purportedly from the scene of the attack on the Souq Firas area of the city showed the bodies of children being pulled from the rubble.

A total of 51 people have been killed across Gaza today, according to hospital medics in the Hamas-run territory.

Meanwhile, the Palestinian Red Crescent Society, said the oxygen station at Al-Quds Hospital in Gaza had stopped operating “due to Israeli occupation forces firing at it”.

“Operations are currently being conducted using pre-filled oxygen cylinders, which are sufficient for only three days,” the group said.

“Occupation forces are currently stationed at the southern gate of the society’s Al-Quds Hospital in the Tal al-Hawa neighbourhood of Gaza City, preventing anyone from entering or leaving the hospital.”

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China and Hong Kong brace for super typhoon after 14 killed in Taiwan – with 129 missing

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China and Hong Kong brace for super typhoon after 14 killed in Taiwan - with 129 missing

At least 14 people have been killed in an area of Taiwan popular with tourists after Super Typhoon Ragasa lashed the island nation, with Hong Kong and mainland China braced for impact.

The powerful storm – the strongest in years – has forced thousands to flee their homes, with flights cancelled and schools and businesses shuttered as about 70cm (28 inches) of rain has fallen on eastern areas.

At least four more people were reported to have been killed in the Philippines, where nearly 700,000 people were affected by the super typhoon in the main northern region of Luzon.

The deaths in Taiwan were reported in the eastern Taiwanese county of Hualien, which is popular with tourists.

At least 129 people are missing after a town, Guangfu, was flooded by a deluge from a barrier lake which burst its banks on Tuesday afternoon.

Around 60 million tonnes of water was released, the Taiwanese government said, the equivalent of a major reservoir in southern Taiwan.

A man stands near a military vehicle on a road filled with mud brought by flooding in Hualien, Taiwan. Pic: Reuters
Image:
A man stands near a military vehicle on a road filled with mud brought by flooding in Hualien, Taiwan. Pic: Reuters

Taiwan’s fire department said all the fatalities and missing people are from Guangfu.

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One resident, a postman who gave his family name as Hsieh, told Reuters news agency the water hit like a “tsunami” which swept his car into his living room.

Late on Wednesday morning, a new flood warning sounded in Guangfu, where shouts were heard from residents and rescuers of “the flood waters are coming, run fast”.

Elsewhere, Dama, a village of around 1,000 people, has been completely flooded.

Its chieftain, Wang Tse-an, told Reuters many locals are still stranded there, adding: “It’s chaotic now. There are mud and rocks everywhere.”

Regions across Taiwan have sent at least 340 soldiers to Hualien to help rescue efforts.

In Guangfu, troops operating from an armoured personnel carrier to avoid the thick mud on the streets went door-to-door
handing out water and instant noodles.

Ragasa is set to hit China’s Guangdong province, where more than 370,000 residents have been evacuated, on Wednesday.

Hong Kong’s storm level is at its highest level of 10 as people reported being woken by fierce winds in the early hours.

Parts of a pedestrian bridge’s roof were blown away, hundreds of trees were knocked down across the city and more than 30 injured people were treated at hospitals.

A video that showed waves of water crashing through the doors of a hotel and flooding its interiors went viral in the financial hub, where warnings of hurricane-force winds of well over 120mph have been issued.

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