In a historic agreement, the world has agreed to “transition away” from fossil fuels at the COP28 climate summit. Is this a success? Depends on who you talk to.
More than 100 countries lobbied for an agreement to “phase out fossil fuels” at the United Nations Climate Change Conference but, of course, were met with opposition from the OPEC countries.
The deal struck in Dubai by nearly 200 countries calls for “transitioning away from fossil fuels [italics mine] in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, so as to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science.”
It’s the first time that fossil fuels have been named as responsible for global warming in an official COP outcome.
The UN stated that the agreement “signals the ‘beginning of the end’ of the fossil fuel era by laying the ground for a swift, just and equitable transition, underpinned by deep emissions cuts and scaled-up finance.”
Governments have agreed to triple renewable energy capacity globally by 2030, double efficiency, accelerate the reduction of coal use, implement sustainable cooling, and accelerate technologies such as carbon capture and storage, among other things. Operationalizing the newly created (yet underfunded) Loss and Damage Fund – financial support for developing countries experiencing climate change destruction caused by developed polluting countries – will also now be implemented.
The Alliance of Small Island States, which represents 39 vulnerable countries, said it had not been in the room when the deal was adopted, but its spokesperson, Anne Rasmussen from Samoa, said that the alliance would not formally object to the agreement. But she told the assembly that the “process has failed us.”
John Kerry, the US special presidential envoy for climate, said, “While nobody here will see their views completely reflected, the fact is that this document sends a very strong signal to the world.”
China’s vice environment minister Zhao Yingmin said after the agreement was made that “developed countries have unshirkable historical responsibilities for climate change.”
The COP28 agreement isn’t legally binding, and it contains a lot of loopholes. Former US Vice President Al Gore said:
The decision at COP28 to finally recognize that the climate crisis is, at its heart, a fossil fuel crisis is an important milestone. But it is also the bare minimum we need and is long overdue. The influence of petrostates is still evident in the half measures and loopholes included in the final agreement.
Whether this is a turning point that truly marks the beginning of the end of the fossil fuel era depends on the actions that come next and the mobilization of finance required to achieve them.
Tara Clee, ESG analyst at UK financial services company Hargreaves Lansdown, said in an emailed statement to Electrek that “this presents a golden opportunity for investors to step up and accelerate the transition.”
UN Environment Programme executive director Inger Andersen stated, “The reality, as outlined in UNEP’s Emissions Gap report released ahead of the COP, is that we are not on track to deliver a resilient, low-carbon, and just world. This reality has not changed yet. Now the hard work of decarbonization must begin.”
UN Secretary General António Guterres summed up the outcome in a tweet:
To those who opposed a clear reference to phase out of fossil fuels during the #COP28 Climate Conference, I want to say:
Whether you like it or not, fossil fuel phase out is inevitable. Let’s hope it doesn’t come too late. pic.twitter.com/q2LqMw75K1
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BP has appointed Woodside Energy boss Meg O’Neill as its next CEO, reinforcing the British oil giant’s back-to-basics strategy.
O’Neill will replace Murray Auchincloss, after less than two years in the role.
Auchincloss will step down today, with Carol Howle, BP’s executive vice president for supply, trading and shipping set to serve as interim CEO until O’Neill takes over the role on April 1. She will be BP’s fourth CEO in six years.
Stephen Isaacs, strategic advisor at Alvine Capital, which holds a position in BP, told CNBC’s “Squawk Box Europe” on Thursday that while BP has been “a very poor performer for a long, long time,” this move could be “the last piece of the jigsaw” in getting its house in order.
“It rather kind of drank a bit too much Kool Aid on the whole energy transition and neglected its core businesses … So I think [the replacement of the CEO is] a kind of confirmation that we’re going to get back to basics. And I think that’s pretty good for the stock,” Isaacs said.
BP’s share price ended the previous session up 0.7% following the news. It initially extended gains into Thursday before moving into negative territory. Shares were last seen 0.1% lower.
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A graph showing BP’s share price
Auchincloss stepped up from his previous role as chief financial officer to the top job in January 2024, after his predecessor Bernard Looney left the company for failing to disclose a relationship with a colleague.
Looney, who had been in the role since early 2020 when he succeeded Bob Dudley, had sought to transform the oil major into a green energy giant but came under investor pressure amid share underperformance.
Auchincloss reversed that strategy, and focused on the company’s core gas and oil units.
In the Wednesday statement, Auchincloss said he’d told recently appointed Chair Albert Manifold he was open to stepping down if an “appropriate leader” was identified.
BP fielded off takeover rumors earlier this year, with fellow U.K. energy incumbent Shell denying reports that it was in talks to snap up its its struggling competitor.
The London-listed oil exploration company that was founded in 1909 under the name Anglo-Persian Oil Company, has underperformed compared with its peers, having reported declining annual profits in both 2023 and 2024.
Meg O’Neill, chief executive officer of Woodside Energy Group Ltd., attends the company’s annual general meeting in Perth, Australia on Thursday, May 8, 2025. Photographer: Matt Jelonek/Bloomberg via Getty Images
BP’s share price is up over 15% year-to-date and 21% over the past five years. The stock ended Wednesday up 0.7% as investors responded to the leadership announcement.
Holding the line
O’Neill will likely hold the line, drawing on more than two-and-a-half decades of experience in the oil and gas industry, including 23 yeas at U.S. giant ExxonMobil. She chairs the Australian oil and gas industry body Australian Energy Producers (AEP) and is a board member of the American Petroleum Institute. She also served on the board of the Business Council of Australia.
Speaking to CNBC’s Dan Murphy at the Future Investment Initiative Institute in Saudi Arabia in October about Woodside Energy’s strategy, O’Neill said that the firm’s investments are made by looking at the demand profile “for decades to come” — which led it to liquified natural gas (LNG).
Oil majors, including BP, have pushed hard into LNG production, which is considered a bridge fuel by the likes of the European Commission, given it is cleaner than coal.
“We’ve got deep conviction around the role of LNG as in many ways, finding the sweet spot between reliability, affordability and sustainability. When we talk to customers in places like North Asia and Europe and ask them what they want, they say ‘we want all three factors’,” she said.
When customers are asked whether they are willing to pay for more climate-friendly products, “the answer is often zero or near zero,” she added. “So that has underpinned our focus on LNG.”
At the time, Woodside expected LNG demand to grow 50% over the coming decade.
Isaacs tips “natural energy” stocks to rebound from recent damp investor sentiment. “They’re relatively cheap compared to the rest of the market, and they go with my general thesis of rotation — rotation out of tech into value,” he said.
More than 25% of new cars sold globally in 2025 are now electric, according to new analysis from energy think tank Ember. This growth is increasingly driven by emerging markets that, only a few years ago, had minimal adoption of EVs.
Where the EVs sold in 2025
The analysis reveals that the EV race has truly gone global. There are now 39 countries where EVs make up more than 10% of new car sales, compared with just four in 2019.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) became a significant force in global EV adoption in 2025. Singapore and Vietnam have reached EV sales shares of around 40%, overtaking levels seen in the UK and the EU.
Indonesia has reached 15% this year, surpassing the US for the first time. Thailand has reached 20% and has sold more EVs in the first three quarters of 2025 than Denmark. These shifts demonstrate how rapidly the region is transitioning from a low base to a position of leadership.
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Euan Graham, electricity and data analyst at Ember, said: “This is a major turning point. In 2025, the center of gravity has moved. Emerging markets are no longer catching up; they are leading the shift to electric mobility. These countries see the strategic advantages of EVs, from cleaner air to reduced fossil fuel imports.”
Other regions are also gaining momentum. In Latin America, Uruguay has reached a 27% EV share, roughly in line with the EU. Mexico and Brazil continue to show steady growth, now surpassing Japan, where the EV share has remained around 3% since 2022. Türkiye has reached 17%, overtaking Belgium to become Europe’s fourth-largest BEV market by volume.
Emerging markets are buying Chinese EVs
Since mid-2023, almost all the growth in Chinese EV exports has come from non-OECD markets. Brazil, Mexico, the UAE, and Indonesia are among the top 10 destinations for Chinese EV exports this year, as their governments have introduced policies to support EV adoption, including reduced taxes and incentives for domestic manufacturing.
As more countries take up EVs, the impact on fossil fuel demand is already tangible. EVs are three times more efficient than ICE vehicles, which means they deliver significant reductions in oil use even in countries that still rely heavily on fossil fuels for power generation. In Brazil, where electricity is mostly clean, BEVs cut fossil fuel demand by around 90%. In Indonesia, the number was reduced by nearly half.
Graham said, “Emerging markets will shape the future of the global car market. The choices made now on charging infrastructure and early support will determine how fast this momentum continues.”
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Brian Armstrong, chief executive officer of Coinbase Global Inc., speaks during the Messari Mainnet summit in New York, on Thursday, Sept. 21, 2023.
Michael Nagle | Bloomberg | Getty Images
Coinbase is making its biggest push yet to reposition itself as a mainstream trading and financial platform, moving beyond crypto and into the broader retail investing stack as competitors show there’s real money in always-on engagement products.
The digital asset exchange announced Wednesday that it’s rolling out a major slate of new products designed to turn Coinbase into a one-stop financial app, expanding into stocks, more advanced trading, and prediction markets, while doubling down on its on-chain ecosystem and new tools for businesses, developers, and automated financial guidance.
While many of these offerings have been telegraphed for months, Coinbase says the products are now built, and ready to go.
CEO Brian Armstrong is looking to make his platform the place to trade everything.
That includes stocks, a streamlined futures and perpetuals experience, and prediction markets through Kalshi, alongside a tokenization roadmap aimed at eventually bringing more traditional assets on-chain, including equities.
The area of prediction markets, in particular, is quickly getting crowded.
DraftKings has moved to buy its own exchange, FanDuel is teaming up with CME, and Polymarket is entering the U.S. through a newly approved venue. Robinhood, meanwhile, is putting LedgerX at the center of its regulated push.
The defining rivalry in the space remains Kalshi versus Polymarket, regulated rails versus crypto-native liquidity.
Armstrong said the category’s appeal isn’t just trading, but its insight into sentiment, and what people think will happen next on any given topic.
“If you look at things like economic indicators … or elections, people are using prediction markets to try to figure out what is going to happen next month,” Armstrong told CNBC. “Maybe1% of people use it as an asset class to trade, and 99% of people are using it as a way to figure out what’s going to happen — almost like a competitor to traditional media or maybe even entertainment.”
In the company’s third-quarter earnings call with analysts in October, Armstrong showed just how easily prediction market wagers can be manipulated, rattling off several words that were being bet on.
“I was a little distracted because I was tracking the prediction market about what Coinbase will say on their next earnings call,” Armstrong said. “And I just want to add here the words bitcoin, ethereum, blockchain, staking and Web3 to make sure we get those in before the end of the call.”
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Robinhood underscored that shift this week by expanding prediction markets into sports-style contracts that resemble parlays and prop bets, and by touting the category as its fastest-growing business by revenue.
Coinbase is now bringing the same kind of outcome trading into its own ecosystem, but as a part of a much wider bet that the next-generation brokerage is a single app that blends traditional assets, derivatives, and on-chain rails.
Coinbase is pairing the trading expansion with a tokenization roadmap that signals where it wants the platform to go next, bringing more traditional assets on-chain, including equities.
The company is launching Coinbase Tokenize, an institutional stack intended to support real-world asset tokenization.
Armstrong framed the expansion as a bridge to something bigger.
Trading stocks, he said, is “a good first step,” but the real goal is tokenized equities. If Coinbase can get tokenized equity live, he said, it could “democratize access for people over the world,” and unlock new market structure in the U.S., including more robust, professional futures markets tied to equities.
“So this is the starting point,” he said.
The announcement also extends Coinbase’s push to become a provider of on-chain liquidity — not just a venue for listed tokens.
For businesses and developers, Coinbase is widening its platform story beyond retail trading. The company said Coinbase Business is becoming available to eligible customers in the U.S. and Singapore, and it’s rolling out an expanded API suite spanning custody, payments, trading, and stablecoins.
Armstrong’s broader thesis is that crypto isn’t a niche category, it’s an upgrade cycle for the financial system itself.
“Crypto is updating all financial services,” he said, suggesting that every major asset class will move on-chain over time, from prediction markets and equities to commodities, and eventually real-world assets like real estate.
Even the largest asset managers, he said, are signaling they want to migrate funds on-chain, positioning Coinbase as a central platform for that transition.
Coinbase is also introducing “custom stablecoins” for companies that want branded stablecoin rails, and spotlighting x402, a payments standard the company says is meant to make stablecoin payments easier to attach to web requests — including for automated commerce and agent-driven transactions.
The strategic throughline is retention and diversification.
Coinbase already owns a large crypto-native audience, and it wants that customer to stay on its platform for every asset class, even when crypto volumes cool and transaction revenue compresses.