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The festive season may bring back memories of Christmas COVID waves gone by.

While restrictions were in place in 2020 and 2021, many were forced to spend Christmas Day alone or isolated from loved ones.

In the latter part of this year, virus levels decreased month-on-month, but positivity rates have crept up again with increased social mixing in the run-up to 25 December.

And a sub-lineage of the so-called “Pirola” variant – JN.1 – has been spreading, with the UK Health Security Agency sub-categorising it on 4 December due to its spike protein mutation and “increasing prevalence within the UK and international data”.

In the absence of restrictions, with COVID circulating again, Sky News looks at current virus levels and what the guidance is for those who catch it over the Christmas break.

COVID rates rising

The latest data, which covers the week ending 9 December, shows COVID cases increasing by 39% on the previous week.

COVID positivity rates increased to 7.5% in England for the week ending 14 December, from 6.4% the previous week. Flu positivity also increased significantly from 2.4% to 5.6% that week.

The reversal of previously low virus trends is the inevitable result of more indoor gatherings during the festive period, scientists tell Sky News.

Read more:
Gove apologises for pandemic ‘errors’
Hancock accuses Cummings of lying to inquiry
Raab advised Johnson to get vaccine live on TV

Professor of innate immunity at the University of Cambridge, Clare Bryant, says people have become “complacent” about COVID – despite “lots of people having it at the moment”.

“There are lots of other germs around as well – flu is circulating and other colds,” she says.

Professor Nicolas Locker, a virologist at the Pirbright Institute, adds: “We’re going to see a fairly large rise in cases this winter.

“Not because the newer JN.1 sub-lineage is more problematic or severe, but because we’re losing our defences – protections afforded by our last set of boosters, and our immunity is waning.”

What should you do if you get COVID at Christmas?

Symptoms of COVID, flu, and other respiratory infections are “very similar”, according to the NHS.

They include: a continuous cough; high temperature, loss or change in sense of taste or smell; shortness of breath; unexplained tiredness; muscle aches; loss of appetite; headache; sore throat; runny or stuffy nose; and diarrhoea or vomiting.

If you have several symptoms but cannot access a COVID test, the NHS advises you to stay at home and avoid contact with other people until you feel better or no longer have a high temperature if you have one.

It is particularly important to avoid close contact with anyone high-risk – the elderly, clinically vulnerable and their carers, and pregnant women.

If you do have to leave home, the guidance suggests you “wear a well-fitting face covering made with multiple layers – or a surgical mask”, avoid crowded or poorly-ventilated spaces, cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough, wash your hands regularly, and avoid touching your face.

If you do a COVID test and the result is positive – official guidance recommends avoiding contact with others for five days after the day of your test for adults and three days for children.

You should also avoid meeting any clinically vulnerable people for 10 days after you take your test.

Over the Christmas period, this would mean isolating in a different room to elderly or vulnerable visitors – or asking them to stay at home instead.

What is JN.1 and how widespread is it in the UK?

JN.1 is a sub-lineage of the BA.2.86 Omicron variant.

It was first detected in Luxembourg in August, before spreading to the US, UK, France and other countries.

Its parent was first detected in Denmark in July, with the first BA.2.86 cases appearing in the UK in August. It is sometimes referred to as the “Pirola” variant – but the World Health Organisation hasn’t given it an official name, as it is still a type of Omicron.

JN.1 has one mutation in its spike protein (which dictates how easily it can infect our cells) compared to BA.2.86. But there are several other mutations elsewhere.

The latest genomic sequencing data, up until 21 November, shows it as the fastest-growing variant in the UK – with a weekly growth advantage of 84%, followed by its parent BA.2.86 at 23% and JD.1.1 (a sub-lineage of the XBB variant) at 22%.

JN.1 mutations will ‘probably make it more infectious’

Prof Bryant describes the various mutations in JN.1 as “interesting”, including some unseen since the Alpha and Beta variants in 2020 and 2021.

She says the changes are likely to mean JN.1 evades our immune systems more easily – and replicates faster.

“The change in the spike protein will probably correlate to it being more infectious,” she adds.

“And that’s what’s caused us the most problems so far – because you can’t control something that’s that infectious.”

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Professor Sheena Cruickshank, immunologist at the University of Manchester, agrees and adds that it could take longer to recover from – or cause more severe disease.

“One of the mutations JN.1 seems to have has the potential to help it better latch on to cells, making it better at infecting us,” she tells Sky News.

“That coupled with immune evasion mechanisms mean it may be tricky for our immune systems to get rid of.”

Professor Locker says, however, that so far there has been no indication of increased disease severity.

“I think we’re just seeing the natural evolution of COVID and I don’t think there’s anything right now we should be overly worried about,” he says.

“These are very small changes in comparison to the ones between Omicron and the previous set of variants. And we haven’t seen a change in symptoms or severity.”

Vaccines still likely to be effective against it

Prof Locker says that another reason not to be too concerned about JN.1 is vaccine protection.

Vaccines given as part of the current booster rollout have been updated to protect against the XBB.1.5 Omicron variant, which has also been proven to work against JN.1’s parent BA.2.86.

Prof Cruickshank adds that “by inference” this should also mean current vaccines work well against JN.1.

But all three scientists point to low vaccination levels as a more general cause of concern.

Now only the over 65s, care home residents, carers, health and social care workers, and the clinically vulnerable can get booster jabs on the NHS.

And of those groups, only around 50% are taking up the offer, meaning vaccine protection is relatively low.

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Christian B: Freed Madeleine McCann suspect pleads ‘give me back my life’ as he tries to confront prosecutor

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Christian B: Freed Madeleine McCann suspect pleads 'give me back my life' as he tries to confront prosecutor

The freed suspect in the Madeleine McCann case has spoken publicly for the first time since his release – but refused to discuss the mystery of the missing British toddler.

In an exclusive Sky News interview, he hit out after trying to confront the prosecutor who has accused him of abducting and murdering Madeleine.

Christian B, who cannot be fully identified under German privacy laws, travelled more than a hundred miles from a secret address to prosecutor Hans Christian Wolters’ office, but was stopped from going in.

The suspect said: “I want them to stop this witch-hunt against me and give me back my life.

“I’m not feeling free. I have this ankle tag and I’m followed around by police 24/7, so I’m not feeling free.”

Christian B tried to speak to lawyer and prosecutor Hans Christian Wolters
Image:
Christian B tried to speak to lawyer and prosecutor Hans Christian Wolters

Mr Wolters has stated publicly that he has evidence, which he has not revealed, to show Christian B abducted and killed Madeleine, who vanished from her bed during a Portuguese holiday in 2007.

But he said he doesn’t have enough evidence to arrest or charge him.

The suspect, who was released from a rape sentence two weeks ago, said: “The prosecutor refused to meet me, but I told his representative I wanted his help to get my life back.

“I’m being hounded by the media and it’s his fault. I want him to take responsibility.

“I was told there was nothing they could do to help. They said I had been convicted and released and I wasn’t their responsibility.”

As he spoke, the electronic tag that has monitored his movements since his release was clearly visible above his right ankle. He has also had to surrender his passport and report regularly to probation staff.

Madeleine vanished during a Portuguese holiday in 2007. File pic: PA
Image:
Madeleine vanished during a Portuguese holiday in 2007. File pic: PA

The suspect has not been arrested, charged or even questioned by German authorities about the Madeleine case. He’s also refused to talk to Scotland Yard and Portuguese police, who are also involved in the investigation.

Asked directly if he had abducted and killed Madeleine McCann, he said: “My defence lawyers have told me to say nothing on this topic and unfortunately I have to abide by that.”

Christian B, 49, was driven from jail by his lawyer, Friedrich Fulscher, on 17 September and, since then, has lived in local authority accommodation in the town of Neumunster, north of Hamburg.

Journalists quickly tracked him down and exposed his new address, prompting anger in the community from people worried about his convictions for child sex crimes.

Pic: Markus Hibbeler/Bild
Image:
Pic: Markus Hibbeler/Bild

Christian B pictured on the day of his release earlier this month. Pic: Markus Hibbeler/Bild
Image:
Christian B pictured on the day of his release earlier this month. Pic: Markus Hibbeler/Bild

Local councillor Karin Mundt, of the hard-right populist movement Heimat Neumunster (Homeland Neumunster), took to Facebook to warn locals to be vigilant, not go out alone, and make sure that their children and elderly were safe.

She also called for a public protest under the slogan ‘Christian B out of Neumunster – tougher measures against child abusers and rapists to protect all citizens!’

Germany operates draconian privacy laws, whereby even the media must get the consent of someone they photograph, or disguise their features.

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Madeleine McCann suspect released from jail

Yet the group even decided to publish photos of Christian B, arguing that the danger he presents meant he was a public person of interest, and that they had to make sure that elderly people were able to recognise him.

Two separate chat groups were set up, one dedicated to campaigning for Christian B to be booted out of Neumunster, the other to discuss alleged sightings of him.

‘Out for a steak’

Some claimed that Christian B had turned up near schools and that the police were called round, though other people said they worked at these schools, and that no police had been there.

A woman at Domino’s pizza claimed he had turned up in a false beard, yet just days later her colleague said she had seen the pictures and she was unsure that it was Christian B.

Throughout all this, a source close to Christian B’s defence claimed he had not been out at all apart from to sort out his phone, and also once for a steak.

On Wednesday, one chat even discussed gathering at the town hall in the evening, and police vans then turned up to try to prevent this.

The language of the chat became ever bolder – with people openly posting addresses they were convinced he was living at – and, at one point, all people with English-sounding surnames were ejected from the group as people suspected they were journalists.

Another search near Praia De Luz, Portugal, drew a blank in June. Pic: PA
Image:
Another search near Praia De Luz, Portugal, drew a blank in June. Pic: PA

Read more from Sky News:
What we know about Christian B
Christian B celebrates release with burger and cigarette
Sky News tracks down woman at centre of hit-and-run theory

Police moved Christian B out of Neumunster, and reports say he’s since been spotted at a hotel in an unnamed town.

In a recent interview with Germany’s Stern magazine, Christian B’s main lawyer, Dr Fulscher, said: “The Braunschweig public prosecutor’s office has fuelled this media campaign of prejudgement.

“It has told the public that it is certain it has the right person. Without presenting sufficient evidence or even allowing my client to inspect the files.

“I find this highly questionable from a constitutional point of view. In my opinion, the Braunschweig public prosecutor’s office has made rehabilitation impossible.”

Prosecutor Mr Wolters told Sky News he’d been tipped off about the suspect’s visit to his office in Braunschweig, near Hanover, and refused to speak to him.

Christian B denies any involvement in Madeleine’s disappearance.

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Almost two in three Labour members back Burnham over Starmer for leader, poll shows

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Almost two in three Labour members back Burnham over Starmer for leader, poll shows

Andy Burnham would beat Sir Keir Starmer among Labour members by two to one if there were a leadership contest today, an exclusive poll for Sky News reveals.

A poll of 704 Labour members taken a week ago by YouGov found that 62% would back Mr Burnham, and 29% would back Sir Keir. Just 9% don’t know or would not vote.

Mr Burnham has claimed some Labour MPs are asking him to stand for the leadership, and has used this conference to set out his stall, though there is not an obvious route for him to return to Parliament.

Tap here for the latest from Labour Party conference

If returned to the Commons, he would have to resign as Manchester Metro Mayor, with a Reform UK replacement in prime position to win the mayoralty.

The poll reveals that around a third of Labour members polled no longer think that Sir Keir is a good prime minister, and would rather he did not fight the next election. Some 33% say he is doing a bad job, compared with 63% who think he is doing a good job.

Even more – 37% – say Sir Keir should not take the party into the next election, while 53% say he should and 10% don’t know. People are more likely to say that Labour is doing a good job than Sir Keir.

More on Andy Burnham

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The mayor of Greater Manchester gives no comment to Sky News as he walks to a fringe meeting at the Labour conference in Liverpool.

Mr Burnham is the favourite to succeed him by a long distance – the top pick of 54% of members.

Next is Angela Rayner, the now-sacked deputy leader (10%), then Health Secretary Wes Streeting on 7%. Ex-leader, now energy secretary, Ed Miliband and foreign secretary Yvette Cooper are on 6%, and new home secretary Shabana Mahmood is on 2%.

Mr Burnham comfortably beats all in a final round of voting, according to the poll.

In the event that Mr Burnham was unable to stand, YouGov polled a number of head-to-head races. Wes Streeting beats Shabana Mahmood and Ed Miliband, but would lose to Angela Rayner and Yvette Cooper. Ms Mahmood would lose to Mr Miliband and Ms Cooper. And Ms Cooper would beat Mr Miliband.

The poll also examined attitudes to the deputy leadership contest.

The poll found 35% would back Lucy Powell and 28% would back Bridget Phillipson, while 30% do not know and 5% will not vote. Excluding ‘don’t know’, this suggests Ms Powell is ahead of Ms Phillipson with 56% to 44% – a closer margin than some other pollsters.

Broadly, members who back Ms Powell are less likely to support Sir Keir.

The poll makes tough reading for Angela Rayner – 60% said she was right to resign, against 34% who said it was the wrong decision.

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Yadi Zhang: Woman pleads guilty to money laundering over £5bn Bitcoin seizure

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Yadi Zhang: Woman pleads guilty to money laundering over £5bn Bitcoin seizure

A woman has pleaded guilty to money laundering offences over the UK’s biggest-ever cryptocurrency seizure of Bitcoin, currently worth more than £5bn.

Chinese national Yadi Zhang, 47, who is also known as Zhimin Qian, was arrested in April last year after spending years on the run.

She first arrived in the UK on a false St Kitts and Nevis passport in September 2017 after allegedly carrying out a £5bn investment scam in China involving 130,000 investors in fraudulent wealth schemes between 2014 and 2017.

Police first raided her £5m six-bedroom rented house near Hampstead Heath, in north London, on 31 October 2018.

Zhang rented a £5m house in Hampstead. Pic: CPS
Image:
Zhang rented a £5m house in Hampstead. Pic: CPS

But it was another two and a half years before investigators discovered more than 61,000 Bitcoin in digital wallets – one of the biggest ever cryptocurrency seizures in the world.

The cryptocurrency was worth £1.4bn at the time but its value has now risen to more than £5bn and the fortune is at the centre of an intense battle between the UK government and Chinese investors over who gets to keep it.

Bundles of cash found in a police search. Pic: CPS
Image:
Bundles of cash found in a police search. Pic: CPS

The seized assets have reportedly been earmarked by Chancellor Rachel Reeves to help plug the hole in the public finances.

More on Bitcoin

Zhang was due to face trial at Southwark Crown Court but has pleaded guilty to charges of possessing criminal property and transferring criminal property on or before 23 April 2024.

She appeared in the dock wearing glasses and a beige cardigan over an animal print blouse, nodding to confirm her identity before entering her pleas with the help of a mandarin interpreter.

Judge Sally-Ann Hales remanded Zhang in custody ahead of sentencing at a later date.

Prosecutor Gillian Jones KC said she would not apply to launch confiscation proceedings because of the ongoing proceedings in the High Court.

Jian Wen. Pic: CPS
Image:
Jian Wen. Pic: CPS

Jian Wen, 43, was last year jailed for six years and eight months after being found guilty of one count of money laundering between October 2017 and January 2022 relating to 150 Bitcoin, now worth around £12.5m.

Her trial heard Wen was not involved in the alleged fraud but was said to have acted as a “front person” to help disguise the source of the money, some of which had been used to buy cryptocurrency and smuggled out of China on laptops.

Will Lyne, the Metropolitan Police’s head of economic and cybercrime command, said Zhang’s guilty pleas marked the culmination of “years of dedicated investigation”.

“This is one of the largest money laundering cases in UK history and among the highest-value cryptocurrency cases globally,” he said.

Zhang’s solicitor, Roger Sahota of Berkeley Square Solicitors, said: “By pleading guilty today, Ms Zhang hopes to bring some comfort to investors who have waited since 2017 for compensation, and to reassure them that the significant rise in cryptocurrency values means there are more than sufficient funds available to repay their losses.”

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