Woolworths demise 15 years on: What happened at the retail giant and could it come back?
Parachuted in to turn around a failing giant of the British high street, Robert McDonald was part of Woolworths’s last roll of the dice.
The new finance director said he was excited to join an “iconic” brand when he began work in early November 2008, but just three weeks later the company would sink into administration.
And there was little the company’s last ever executive hire could do to stop the famous store – known for its pick ‘n’ mix, homeware and everything in between – from closing for good on 6 January 2009.
“Like everyone my age, I had grown up thinking its existence was a normal part of life,” Mr McDonald told Sky News.
“I was very pleased to have the opportunity to work there. I knew it was going through hard times and looked forward to being able to help.
“But, sadly, it was past that by the time I joined, and the end seemed very swift.”
Analysts blame its downfall on a toxic combination of low cash reserves, lost credit insurance and crippling debt – all exacerbated by the 2008 financial crisis.
It marked the end of Woolies’s near century-long presence on the high street, with more than 800 stores closed down and about 27,000 jobs lost.
Woolworths was popular for its pic ‘n’ mix
For many of its staff, news of Woolworths’s demise into administration came from the media, with earlier rumours confirmed in reports on 26 November 2008.
Paul Seaton, who had worked as a store manager and as part of the IT team during 25 years at the company, said his colleagues “crowded around the TV” to hear their worst fears confirmed.
“It just all fell to pieces after that,” Mr Seaton, now 61, told Sky News.
“The sad reality is Woolworths took 99 years to build, and it took 42 days from administration to the day the last door shut. 99 years of meticulous care and thought… gone.”
The board insisted administration wouldn’t detract from “business as usual”, Mr Seaton said, but that all changed when he was called to a meeting on 5 December.
He was among 500 senior figures gathered at Woolworths HQ, where each was given a letter written by administrators Deloitte notifying none would be paid another day and all had lost their jobs with immediate effect.
The notice given by Deloitte to Paul Seaton
“We were summoned and told not to come back, all 500 of us,” Mr Seaton said, adding their passes into the building were deactivated on the spot. “The business only carried on for one month after that.”
While his time at the company came to an abrupt end, he dedicated time to creating a virtual Woolworths museum, preserving memorabilia and documenting the chain’s long history.
A store for the family
The first store opened in November 1909 in Liverpool, by New Yorker Frank Woolworth, who had already established the brand in the US.
In a prescient diary entry, he wrote during an earlier trip to Europe that “a good penny and sixpence store, run by a live Yankee, would be a sensation here”.
Such was the success of the UK counterpart, his successor Byron Miller reportedly beamed that “the child has long since outgrown the parent”.
Mr Seaton thinks the literal child-parent relationship was key to the store’s popularity.
“There used to be old adage that people need Tesco because everyone has to eat, and people trust Boots because you call the manager ‘doctor’, but they went to Woolworths because they love Woolworths,” he said.
“Have you ever heard a kid saying ‘mum I want to go to Tesco’? The whole reason I loved being a manager is kids and families loved coming to Woolworths.”
Paul Seaton with Woolworths memorabilia collected over the years
The store’s name lives on in Australia – though has no connection with US or UK equivalents – where it is the country’s largest supermarket chain and last year recorded a net profit of $1.62bn (about £87bn).
US stores closed in 1997, but the UK branches recorded a record profit topping £100m just one year later.
What went wrong?
Customers were still shopping at the UK stores, and in the firm’s final annual report the company made a slight pre-tax profit in 2007.
But even with some signs of recovery ahead of 2008, Woolworths had a terminal problem: modest cash flow and a £385m mountain of debt.
Retail expert Clare Bailey was among the consultants drafted in 2006 to tackle the mammoth task of detangling the company’s supply chain, which she says was collecting too much of some stock and too little of others.
As banks began to lose faith in Woolworths’s finances, the firm had its credit insurance withdrawn – meaning it had to pay suppliers immediately, rather than in instalments.
To make matters worse, many Woolworths stores were sold a few years before and rented back at a price that only appeared to increase over the years.
Left with fewer assets, little in way of cash reserves and no credit insurance, the retailer was not prepared for the coming shock of the 2008 financial crisis.
“Cashflow is like oxygen,” Ms Bailey told Sky News. “You can be profitable, but if you haven’t got cash to pay bills or for when something goes wrong, then that’s it – game over.”
The company reported a pre-tax loss of £90.8m over the first half of 2008 in September that year, despite launching the WorthIt range – promoting low-cost products – in 2007.
Losing sales and customers
One of the big issues Ms Bailey identified in the supply chain was a failure to keep evergreen products on shelves.
For example, she said only 20 stores out of more than 800 nationwide had the correct amount of coat hangers, a product that sells all year, while others bought far too many Christmas trees.
It meant money was “trapped in stocks”, she said, and would gradually turn customers away.
“And if you replicate that through other products, customers could find what they didn’t want, but not what they wanted,” she said.
“You might, as a customer, give them the benefit of the doubt a few times, but eventually they will turn to other places. So, they not only lost the sale – they also lost the customers.”
It’s this perceived neglect of the customer journey that small business growth expert Claire Hancott believes cost Woolworths at the turn of the century.
Footfall almost halved from 7.5 million in 2000 to around 4.5 million in 2007, she said, while the market for Woolworths’s once-popular CDs was shrinking as more consumers headed to the internet.
“Businesses can’t ignore these big trends, even if they won’t come into play for years,” Ms Hancott told Sky News.
“Blockbusters was a classic example, when they thought digital films wouldn’t take off.
“Woolworths wasn’t at the forefront of consumer technology and it’s so important to be looking 10, 20 years into the future – it takes a long time to prepare.”
Discount stores such as pound shops began to pop up on the high street, adding to growing competition that ultimately forced an attempt to sell the company in November 2008 for – ironically – just £1.
It was hoped a sale to restructuring experts Hilco would give them the job of repaying the debt, but the banks rejected the move.
The company went into administration just days later.
A false dawn, but will the sun rise on Woolworths again?
Ever since the company collapsed under the weight of its debt, rumours of a potential return to the high street have never been completely quashed.
A fake announcement – made by a social media account falsely claiming to be run by Woolworths – heralding a comeback was met with excitement in 2020, with savings platform Raisin UK reporting 44% of people discussing the store’s revival online “loved the news”.
The post turned out to be false
In August 2022, pollsters at YouGov found 49% of survey respondents said they wished they could bring back Woolies – a far higher proportion than any other defunct chain.
But for all the hopes of an encore, some of those involved with the firm rue the time that has since been lost – and believe it may have even survived.
“I came in at the end of 2006, but the work we were doing can take three or five years,” Ms Bailey said. “Maybe they started too late.”
All but a small handful of the Woolworths stores were re-let to other retailers within a decade, she added, meaning the spaces “still had merit in the local community”.
“The inner workings of a business are quite complicated,” she said.
“But I think it’s a sad situation it collapsed, because – had they been given a stay of execution – they may well have been successful in turning it around.”
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Ms Hancott agrees: “In another time, would it have crumbled? That’s the million-pound question that nobody will be able to answer.
“Had it not been in the midst of a crisis, then it may have survived.”
For Mr McDonald, a chance to draw on his experience handling company finances never materialised.
It was, nonetheless, a “fascinating experience”, he said.
“It’s such a shame we didn’t have longer to turn that business around,” he said.
“I joined as part of a turnaround plan, but it was too late to change the course of history.”
Business
HSBC ‘being attacked all the time’ by online criminals – as boss ‘kept awake at night’ by cyber threat
The boss of one of the UK’s biggest banks says it is being attacked “all the time” by online criminals and he is kept up at night by cyber threats.
“It does keep me awake,” HSBC UK chief executive Ian Stuart told the Treasury Committee of MPs.
“Because we can be attacked and we are being attacked all the time.”
Money blog: ‘Highest ever’ bank switching offer launches
Mr Stuart said banks were spending “enormous” sums of hundreds of millions of pounds on IT systems – the biggest expense in their businesses.
“Cybersecurity is now very much at the top of our agenda,” he added.
Ian Stuart, chief executive of HSBC UK, appearing before the Treasury Committee. Pic: PA
Concerns were also highlighted by Lloyds Bank chief executive Charlie Nunn, who said financial fraud will get worse if banks cannot intervene to prevent it and social media and telecoms companies are not incentivised to halt it.
Mr Nunn said the UK “has become the home of fraud”, adding that the number of victims is “pretty disturbing” and “individual cases are harrowing”.
Major high street businesses, including M&S and the Co-op, have been hit by cyber attacks in recent weeks and had their operations impacted.
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Who is behind M&S cyberattack?
Cybersecurity threats, however, were not behind the several-day outage at Barclays at the end of January, its UK chief executive Vim Maru said.
He added: “We’ve learned the lessons. We’re acting on the lessons, both work done internally, but also with help from third parties as well.
Account holders across the UK have suffered a spate of IT glitches from different banks around paydays this year.
Tens of millions of pounds on IT have been spent and customer glitches have fallen, Mr Maru said.
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Could ageing tech be behind banking outages?
He added that the problem at Barclays was a software issue, saying: “We put a fix in place that means that we won’t have a recurrence.”
The steel tycoon Sanjeev Gupta is mounting a last-ditch bid to salvage his British operations after seeing an emergency plea for government support rejected.
Sky News has learnt that Mr Gupta’s Liberty Speciality Steels UK (SSUK) arm is seeking to adjourn a winding-up petition scheduled to be heard in court on Wednesday.
The petition is reported to have been brought by Harsco Metals Group, a supplier of materials and labour to SSUK, and is said to be supported by other trade creditors.
Unless the adjournment is granted, Mr Gupta faces the prospect of seeing SSUK forced into compulsory liquidation.
That would raise questions over the future of roughly 1,450 more steel industry jobs, weeks after the government stepped in to rescue the larger British Steel amid a row with its Chinese owner over the future of its Scunthorpe steelworks.
If Mr Gupta’s operations do enter compulsory liquidation, the Official Receiver would appoint a special manager to run the operations while a buyer is sought.
A Whitehall insider said talks had taken place in recent days involving Mr Gupta’s executives and the Insolvency Service.
Steel industry sources said the government could conceivably be interested in reuniting the Rotherham plant of SSUK with British Steel’s Scunthorpe site because of the industrial synergies between them, although it was unclear whether any such discussions had been held.
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Mr Gupta is said to have explored whether he could persuade the government to step in and support SSUK using the legislation enacted last month to take control of British Steel’s operations.
Whitehall insiders said, however, that Mr Gupta’s overtures had been rebuffed.
He had previously sought government aid during the pandemic but that plea was also rejected by ministers.
The SSUK division operates across sites including at Rotherham in south Yorkshire and Bolton in Lancashire.
It makes highly engineered steel products for use in sectors such as aerospace, automotive and oil and gas.
A restructuring plan due to be launched last week was abandoned at the eleventh hour after failing to secure support from creditors of Greensill, the collapsed supply chain finance provider to which Mr Gupta was closely tied.
Under that plan, creditors, including HM Revenue and Customs, would have been forced to write off a significant chunk of the money they are owed.
The company said last week that it had invested nearly £200m in the last five years into the UK steel industry, but had faced “significant challenges due to soaring energy costs and an over-reliance on cheap imports, negatively impacting the performance of all UK steel companies”.
It adds: The court’s ability to sanction the plan depended on finalisation of an agreement with creditors.
“This has not proved possible in an acceptable timeframe, and so Liberty has decided to withdraw the plan ahead of the sanction hearing on May 15 and will now quickly consider alternative options.”
One source close to Liberty Steel acknowledged that it was running out of time to salvage the business.
They said, however, that an adjournment of Wednesday’s hearing to consider the winding-up petition could yet buy the company sufficient breathing space to stitch together an alternative rescue deal.
A Liberty Steel spokesperson said on Tuesday: “Discussions continue with creditors.
“Liberty understands the concern this will create for Speciality Steel UK colleagues and remains committed to doing all it can to maintain the Speciality Steel UK business.”
The Insolvency Service and the Department for Business and Trade have also been contacted for comment.
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