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By Neha Mathur Jan 17 2024 Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM

In a recent article published in JAMA Network Open, researchers compared the efficacy of antidepressant medication management (MEDS) against behavioral activation psychotherapy (BA) among inpatients admitted to a hospital with heart failure (HF) and outpatients presenting to clinics for HF follow-up, both experiencing depressive symptoms.

They conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) between 2018 and 2022, including a one-year follow-up within Cedars-Sinai Health System in California, United States. 

Study: Comparative Effectiveness of Psychotherapy vs Antidepressants for Depression in Heart Failure. Image Credit: New Africa/Shutterstock.com Background

The interplay of biological and psychosocial mechanisms gives rise to depression among ~50% of HF survivors.

As a result, HF patients with depression have poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL) than patients with HF without depression. 

The patient's depressive symptom severity also increases the risks of decline in cognitive functions or death at six months; moreover, it is an independent factor associated with all-cause mortality.

Accordingly, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends screening for depression in patients with HF and other heart diseases.

However, it is equally crucial to make treatments, such as antidepressant medications and psychotherapy, available for patients diagnosed with depression, which often is not the case.

Some notable evidence-based treatments for depression in patients with HF are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), e.g., BA, and antidepressant medications, also known as pharmacotherapy. 

However, limited access to these interventions and a lack of evidence for clinicians on which intervention to use for depression treatment in HF patients are some of the issues that require attention. About the study

In the present study, researchers addressed these challenges facing clinicians, patients, and caregivers and compared the effectiveness of psychotherapy vs pharmacotherapy for patient-centered outcomes in an RCT. Related StoriesStudy sheds light on how impaired autophagy can play a role in causing heart failureGroundbreaking drug offers new hope for life-threatening heart conditionTaking medical cannabis for chronic pain linked to increased risk of arrhythmia

The study cohort had a life expectancy of over six months post-HF, confirmed by their treating physician, and depressive disorder, based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria.

The team randomly assigned participants to BA or MEDS in a 1:1 ratio. BA therapists, licensed social workers, and MEDS care managers took a 50-minute introductory session of participants, followed by 12 weekly sessions of BA or MEDS.

These sessions were run monthly for three months, followed by contact for six more months, as deemed necessary.

They delivered 50-minute BA and 15-minute MEDS sessions on telephone/video call, which was easy to access for HF patients, saved time, and improved adherence to the program; additionally, it improved mood and HRQOL without compromising efficacy.

This trial had multiple outcomes of interest, with depressive symptom severity at six months, measured by the patient health questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) being the primary outcome.

Secondary outcomes were physical/mental HRQOL and HF-specific HRQOL, measured using the short-form 12-item version 2 (SF-12) and Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire, respectively.

The team also monitored caregiver burden, measured using the caregiver burden questionnaire for HF; additionally, they collected emergency department (ED) visits, readmissions, days of hospitalization, and mortality at three, six, and 12 months. Results

Of 416 patients with HF enrolled in this RCT, 243 were male, and the median age of the study participants was 60.71 years. 

Both BA and MEDS groups had 208 patients whose mean (SD) PHQ-9 scores at baseline were 14.54 (3.45)and 14.31 (3.60), respectively.

Even at six months, their PHQ-9 scores were not statistically different (7.53 vs 8.09; P=0.88). Moreover, both BA and MEDS recipients experienced ~50% reduction in depressive symptoms at three, six, and 12 months.

On other measures, for instance, physical HRQOL at six months, 

BA recipients showed fewer improvements than MEDS recipients (mean SF-12 physical score: 38.82 vs 37.12; P=0.04).

They also had fewer ED visits and had to spend fewer days in the hospital at all three-time points, all statistically significant observations. 

However, there was no significant difference in hospital readmissions of BA group participants versus MEDA recipients. 

The authors attributed these differences to poor general health, a reliable risk factor associated with rehospitalization in patients with HF and depression.

It is also noteworthy that BA recipients are encouraged to be more physically active than MEDS recipients, which likely would have contributed to their tendency to have fewer ED visits and hospital days. Conclusions

Overall, the present RCT confirmed that both interventions, BA and MEDS, reduced depressive symptoms in patients with HF and depression by almost 50%.

In addition, BA recipients experienced better physical HRQOL, made fewer ED visits, and had fewer days hospitalized. 

This data could inform clinicians and caregivers that they can choose both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy to improve depressive symptoms in HF patients. Journal reference:

Waguih W I, (2024), Comparative Effectiveness of Psychotherapy vs Antidepressants for Depression in Heart Failure A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA Network Open. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52094.

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Amazon submits bid for TikTok as ban deadline nears

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Amazon submits bid for TikTok as ban deadline nears

Guests including Mark Zuckerberg, Lauren Sanchez, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai and Elon Musk attend the Inauguration of Donald J. Trump in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda on January 20, 2025 in Washington, DC. Donald Trump takes office for his second term as the 47th president of the United States. 

Julia Demaree Nikhinson | Getty Images

Amazon submitted a bid to the White House to purchase the social media app TikTok from its Chinese owners, CNBC has confirmed.

The company sent its proposal in a letter this week to Vice President JD Vance and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, according to a source familiar with the matter who asked not to be named because the discussions are confidential. The parties aren’t treating the bid seriously, however, given that it was submitted just days before a deadline staving off a U.S. ban is set to expire, the person said.

Amazon declined to comment.

The e-commerce company’s offer, which was first reported by The New York Times, comes as TikTok’s fate in the U.S. is up in the air. The short-form video app faces another potential shutdown in the U.S. on April 5 if ByteDance, its parent company, can’t reach a deal to divest TikTok’s American operations. Lawmakers passed a bill last year setting a Jan. 19 deadline for the sale, but Trump signed an executive order granting a 75-day extension for a potential deal.

Trump could announce a decision on TikTok’s fate in the U.S. as soon as Wednesday, sources familiar with the situation told CNBC’s David Faber. Mobile technology company AppLovin has also made a bid for TikTok, Faber reported separately, citing sources familiar with the matter.

TikTok has emerged as a major hub for e-commerce as it has poured money into growing its online marketplace, called TikTok Shop. TikTok’s lucrative marketplace, coupled with the app’s more than 170 million users, could be an attractive asset for Amazon. Following TikTok’s success, Amazon launched and then shuttered a short-form video service of its own.

Last August, the two companies formed a partnership that allowed TikTok users to link their account with Amazon and make purchases from the site without leaving the app. The deal attracted scrutiny from lawmakers who were concerned about its potential national security risks.

WATCH: How TikTok Shop is beating Amazon and Temu in social shopping

How TikTok Shop Became The Fastest Growing Social Media Shopping Platform

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Ford is preparing for an all-new EV at its Louisville assembly plant, but which one?

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Ford is preparing for an all-new EV at its Louisville assembly plant, but which one?

The Louisville assembly plant is scheduled for an extensive retooling starting later this year to produce a new Ford EV model. After the Escape is phased out, Ford will upgrade the facility to introduce an all-new EV.

What new EV will Ford build in Louisville?

Since 2022, Ford has had the same three electric vehicles available in the US. The Mustang Mach-E, F-150 Lightning, and E-Transit. However, that could change soon.

According to Todd Dunn, president of UAW Local 862, Ford’s Louisville plant will likely see some major changes later this year.

Dunn told The Courier Journal that the retooling could take upwards of 10 months. Ford is expected to begin the upgrades in December when the Escape and Lincoln Corsair, which are made at the plant, are phased out.

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Although Ford has yet to confirm the retooling, according to Dunn, the downtime will impact around 2,300 workers at the plant. They are expected to be temporarily laid off during the retooling, but Dunn said they will qualify for supplemental unemployment benefits and will also be able to draw unemployment.

Ford-new-EV-Louisville
Ford Mustang Mach-E (left) and F-150 Lightning (right) (Source: Ford)

The upgrades are part of a 2023 UAW and Ford agreement to make the Louisville plant one of three due for a future EV model.

As to which EV, Dunn still doesn’t know, or when Ford will officially announce it. Since Ford already scrapped plans for a three-row electric SUV, that’s out.

Ford-new-EV-Louisville
Ford’s electric Explorer for Europe (Source: Ford)

Ford is planning to launch the first model on its long-awaited low-cost EV platform, a midsize electric pickup, in 2027. But this is expected to be built in Tennessee. A new “digitally advanced” electric van that will be built in Ohio is also due out next year.

2025-Ford-F-150-Lightning
2025 Ford F-150 Lightning (Source: Ford)

So, what mysterious new EV is Ford planning for Louisville? Ford spokesperson Jess Enoch told The Courier-Journal last year that the company is “committed to an all-new electric vehicle” at the plant but said, “We will share details closer to launch.”

The news comes after Ford’s Mustang Mach-E notched its highest first-quarter sales since its launch, with 11,607 units sold in the first three months of 2024. F-150 Lightning sales, on the other hand, fell 7%.

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Eric Trump says he moved to crypto after family business became ‘most canceled company’

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Eric Trump says he moved to crypto after family business became 'most canceled company'

American Bitcoin co-founder Eric Trump: Crypto's the 'future of the modern financial system'

Eric Trump says his family was “the most canceled company, probably on Earth.”

That was then.

With his dad, President Donald Trump, back in the White House, he sees a new money-making opportunity.

“It actually is what drove us toward cryptocurrency,” the president’s middle son told CNBC, referring to the Trump family’s latest business endeavors. “You realize that cryptocurrency was a lot faster, it was a lot more pragmatic, it was a lot more transparent, it was exponentially cheaper.”

In 2022, about two years after the end of President Trump’s first term, two subsidiaries of the Trump Organization were convicted by a jury in New York of multiple crimes, including tax fraud, falsifying business records and conspiracy. The guilty verdicts on all 17 charged counts came three weeks after Trump declared his 2024 candidacy.

Last month, the Trump Organization sued Capital One in Florida over allegedly “unjustifiably” closing more than 300 of the company’s bank accounts following the Jan. 6, 2021, riot at the U.S. Capitol. The lawsuit claimed Capitol One was acting on “unsubstantiated, ‘woke’ beliefs that it needed to distance itself from President Trump and his conservative political views.”

Prior to Trump’s return to the White House, the Trump Organization unveiled a new ethics plan that said it would limit the president’s involvement in management decisions and other aspects of the business while he’s in office.

President Donald Trump (2R), flanked by US Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick (L), US Secretary of Treasury Scott Bessent (2L) and White House AI and Crypto Czar David Sacks (R), attends a the White House Crypto Summit in Washington, DC, March 7, 2025. 

Jim Watson | Afp | Getty Images

But crypto is another matter. President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump launched meme coins just before the new term, adding billions of dollars of paper wealth to the family’s net worth.

Eric Trump and older brother Donald Trump Jr. are going even bigger. They recently announced plans to launch a U.S. dollar–backed stablecoin through their new venture, World Liberty Financial, and a new bitcoin mining company called American Bitcoin, co-founded with Hut 8 CEO Asher Genoot.

Eric Trump described his entry into crypto not as a financial bet, but as a form of resistance, and said the move began during what he calls the “war on the industry.” Banks were closing accounts, the SEC was cracking down on exchanges, and crypto users were being “debanked” for simply holding coins, he said.

“They were going after people,” he said. “They were suing everybody. Banks were closing down people that just wanted to own bitcoin.”

That’s when Eric Trump said he started associating with like-minded people in and around crypto.

“At this point, I know almost everybody in the industry in some way, shape or form,” he said. “I fell in love with the industry, you know, a few years ago, and really dove head in.”

At World Liberty Financial, the Trump brothers are backing a stablecoin play aimed at competing with players like Tether. Eric Trump didn’t have a specific answer when asked how the project would stand out in a crowded field, saying only, “We’re gonna do it better, cheaper, faster, and we’re gonna do it with a lot of passion.”

Read more about tech and crypto from CNBC Pro

Meawhile, he’s working with Genoot to stand up American Bitcoin, a new mining venture that aims to scale quickly, and possibly go public.

Genoot told CNBC he connected with the Trump kids through mutual friends and began trading stories about their paths into crypto, leading to a business alliance.

Genoot said the company is being separated from Hut 8’s broader energy and artificial intelligence infrastructure platform.

“We’re actually carving out the majority of our assets,” Genoot said. “We’re putting them into American Bitcoin.”

Eric Trump, who is co-founder and chief strategy officer of American Bitcoin, said “every single sophisticated country is using their excess power to mine bitcoin.”

Though his family is closely linked to the current administration’s pro-crypto stance, Eric Trump said he has no role in policy and no contact with the White House. His dad’s presidency was heavily funded by the crypto industry and, since returning to the White House, President Trump has rewarded his backers, signing an executive order to create a strategic bitcoin reserve, and pardoning Silk Road creator Ross Ulbricht as well as the three co-founders of the BitMEX crypto exchange.

“I don’t have anything to do with government, and frankly, I don’t want anything to do with government,” Eric Trump said.

But he made clear that the U.S. needs a regulatory framework that allows crypto to thrive.

“You better believe that China is running very hard at this. The entire Middle East is running very hard,” he said. “We won the space race. We better win the crypto race.”

WATCH: Eric Trump, Hut 8 CEO outline partnership to launch new bitcoin mining company

Eric Trump, Hut 8 CEO outline partnership to launch new bitcoin mining company: CNBC Crypto World

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