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By Dr. Chinta Sidharthan Jan 17 2024 Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.

In a recent study published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, researchers examine whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines could prevent long COVID symptoms and compare the effectiveness of the Oxford AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 and Pfizer BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccines, which are the two most used COVID-19 vaccines in Europe.

Study:  The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent long COVID symptoms: staggered cohort study of data from the UK, Spain, and Estonia. Image Credit: Prostocok-studio / Shutterstock.com Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, has infected over 800 million individuals worldwide since March 2020.

Since the start of the pandemic, concerted efforts throughout the world led to the rapid development of numerous vaccines and subsequent vaccination of large parts of the global population, particularly the elderly and those at high risk of severe COVID-19 due to the presence of comorbidities. These global vaccination efforts successfully reduced the transmission and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections, thereby significantly lowering mortality rates.

In addition to the Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 and Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccines, Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA-1273 developed by Janssen and Moderna, respectively, were the four most commonly used COVID-19 vaccines in Europe. However, the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms and long-term complications affecting multiple organ systems, now cumulatively referred to as long COVID, remains a significant health burden.

To date, the impact of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing the development of long COVID is unclear. About the study

In the present study, researchers used electronic health records and primary care data from the United Kingdom, Spain, and Estonia to evaluate whether COVID-19 vaccination prevented long COVID symptoms.

Data registries comprised information on the demographic characteristics of patients, as well as their medical histories, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, diagnoses, prescriptions, insurance claims for procedures, laboratory tests, clinical measurements, and secondary care referrals. Regional and national registries linked to these databases were used to obtain information on vaccination status and the type of vaccine administered. Related StoriesJN.1 variant's spread not due to enhanced immune escape, study suggestsNew Omicron subvariants test vaccine limits, reveal unique infection challengesmRNA COVID-19 vaccines highly effective in preventing hospitalizations among adolescents in Nordic study

Study participants were divided into four cohorts based on the enrollment period, which also corresponded to the priority groups, with cohort one primarily consisting of individuals above the age of 75 years with no history of COVID-19. Individuals above the age of 65, those who were considered clinically vulnerable, and those above the age of 18 with underlying health conditions that increased the risk of COVID-19 were included in cohort two. Cohort three comprised individuals above the age of 50, whereas the fourth cohort included individuals 18 years of age or older.

Long COVID was defined as the presence and persistence of any one of the 25 symptoms, such as fatigue, dyspnea, or cognitive dysfunction 90-365 days after a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis and with no indication of those symptoms during the six months before infection. Alternate definitions of long COVID, with varying time intervals for the presence of persistent symptoms, were used for sensitivity analyses. Study findings

The current study included over 20 million vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals across three European countries and showed that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 had a 29-52% effectiveness in reducing the risk of long COVID risk. These findings were consistent across numerous sensitivity analyses and varying definitions of long COVID based on clinical diagnoses and differing symptom durations.

The comparative analyses between the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 indicated that BNT162b2 was associated with slightly greater long COVID preventative effects than the adenoviral vector vaccine ChAdOx1. Other studies have reported similar results while comparing the efficacies of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The younger population was believed to be at a lower risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults above the age of 65 years, which led to lower vaccination uptake rates among younger age groups. However, these individuals are equally vulnerable to long COVID; thus, there remains an urgent need for vaccination across all age groups to reduce the risk of developing long COVID. Conclusions

COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and effectively decreases the risk of developing long COVID. Furthermore, as compared to the adenoviral vector vaccine ChAdOx1, the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 was more effective in preventing COVID-19 severity and long COVID symptoms. Journal reference: Català, M., Mercadé-Besora, N., Kolde, R., et al. (2024). The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent long COVID symptoms: staggered cohort study of data from the UK, Spain, and Estonia. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. doi:10.1016/S22132600(23)004149

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Tesla shares drop 7% in premarket trading after Elon Musk says he is launching a political party

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Tesla shares drop 7% in premarket trading after Elon Musk says he is launching a political party

White House Senior Advisor Elon Musk walks to the White House after landing in Marine One on the South Lawn with U.S. President Donald Trump (not pictured) on March 9, 2025 in Washington, DC.

Samuel Corum | Getty Images News | Getty Images

Tesla shares fell in premarket trade on Monday after CEO Elon Musk announced plans to form a new political party.

The stock was down 7.13% by 4:27 a.m. E.T.

Musk said over the weekend that the party would be called the “America Party” and could focus “on just 2 or 3 Senate seats and 8 to 10 House districts.” He suggested this would be “enough to serve as the deciding vote on contentious laws, ensuring that they serve the true will of the people.”

The billionaire’s involvement in politics has been a point of contention for investors. Musk earlier this year was part of the so-called Department of Government Efficiency and worked closely with President Donald Trump — a move seen as potentially hurting Tesla’s brand.

Musk left DOGE in May, which helped Tesla’s stock.

Now tech billionaire’s reinvolvement in the political arena is making investors nervous.

“Very simply Musk diving deeper into politics and now trying to take on the Beltway establishment is exactly the opposite direction that Tesla investors/shareholders want him to take during this crucial period for the Tesla story,” Dan Ives, global head of technology research at Wedbush Securities, said in a note on Sunday.

“While the core Musk supporters will back Musk at every turn no matter what, there is broader sense of exhaustion from many Tesla investors that Musk keeps heading down the political track.”

Musk’s previous political foray earned him Trump’s praise in the early days, but he has since drawn the ire of the U.S. president.

The two have clashed over various areas of policy, including Trump’s spending bill which Musk has said would increase America’s debt burden. Musk has taken issue to particular cuts to tax credits and support for solar and wind energy and electric vehicles.

Trump on Sunday called Musk’s move to form a political party “ridiculous,” adding that the Tesla boss had gone “completely off the rails.”

Musk is contending with more than just political turmoil. Tesla reported a 14% year-on-year decline in car deliveries in the second quarter, missing expectations. The company is facing rising competition, especially in its key market, China.

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Environment

Paris’ popular bike share program has a big sticky finger problem

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Paris' popular bike share program has a big sticky finger problem

Paris’ bike-share system, Vélib has long been considered one of the shining success stories of urban micromobility. With a massive fleet of over 20,000 pedal and electric-assist bicycles around Paris, the service has helped millions of residents and tourists get around the City of Light without needing a car or scooter. But lately, a growing problem is threatening to knock the wheels off this urban mobility marvel: theft and joyriding.

According to city officials and the service operator, more than 600 Vélib bikes are now going missing every single week. That’s over 30 bikes a day simply vanishing from the system – some stolen outright, others taken on “joy rides” and never returned.

“At the moment we’re missing 3,000 bikes,” explained Sylvain Raifaud, head of the Agemob company that currently operates the Velib system. That’s nearly 15% of over 20,000 Vélib bikes across Paris.

The sticky-fingered culprits aren’t necessarily professional thieves or organized crime rings. Instead, they’re often regular users who treat the shared bikes like disposable toys.

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The city estimates that many people have figured out how to pry the bikes out of the system’s parking docks, unlocking one for a casual cruise and then ditching it somewhere far from a docking station.

Once pried free, the bikes are technically usable for the next 24 hours until their automatic locking feature kicks in. At that point, the bikes are often simply abandoned. Some end up in alleyways. Others get tossed in rivers. A few just disappear completely.

And since the bikes are intended to be parked at their many docking stations around the city, they don’t have GPS chips, further complicating recovery of “liberated” bikes.

The issue started small but has grown into more than an inconvenience – it’s beginning to undermine the entire purpose of the service. With bikes going missing at such a high rate, many Vélib docking stations are left empty, especially during rush hours.

Riders looking for a quick commute or a convenient hop across town are increasingly finding themselves without available bikes, or having to walk long distances to find a functioning one.

That kind of unreliability chips away at user confidence and threatens to drive potential riders back into cars, cabs, or other less sustainable forms of transport at a time when Paris has already made great strides to dramatically reduce car usage in the city.

The losses are financially painful, too. Replacing stolen or vandalized bikes isn’t cheap, and the resources spent on tracking down missing equipment or reinforcing anti-theft measures are stretching thin. Vélib has faced theft and vandalism issues before, especially during its early years, but this latest surge has officials sounding the alarm with renewed urgency.

Officials acknowledge that there’s no easy fix. Paris, like many cities with bike-share systems, walks a fine line between accessibility and accountability. Part of what makes Vélib so successful is its ease of use and widespread availability. But those same features make it vulnerable to misuse – especially when enforcement is limited and the consequences for abuse are minimal.

The timing of the problem is especially unfortunate. In recent years, Paris has seen impressive results in reducing car traffic, expanding bike lanes, and promoting cycling as a key part of its sustainable transport strategy. Vélib is a cornerstone of that plan. But if the system becomes too unreliable, it risks losing the very people it was designed to serve.

Meanwhile, as Parisians increasingly find themselves staring at empty docks, the challenge for the city and Vélib will be to restore confidence in the system without making it harder to use. That means striking the right balance between freedom and responsibility, between open access and protection against abuse.

In a city where cycling is supposed to be the future of mobility, losing thousands of bikes to joyriders and sticky fingers isn’t just frustrating; it’s unsustainable.

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Environment

CNBC Daily Open: Elon Musk, founder of companies and political parties

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CNBC Daily Open: Elon Musk, founder of companies and political parties

U.S. President Donald Trump and Elon Musk attend a press event in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., May 30, 2025.

Nathan Howard | Reuters

When they lose a significant other, most men do indeed become a “TRAIN WRECK.” Then they pick up the pieces of their lives and start living again — paying attention to their personal grooming, hitting the gym and discovering new hobbies.

What does the world’s richest man do? He starts a political party.

Last weekend, as the United States celebrated its independence from the British in 1776, Elon Musk enshrined his sovereignty from U.S. President Donald Trump by establishing the creatively named “American Party.”

Few details have been revealed, but Musk said the party will focus on “just 2 or 3 Senate seats and 8 to 10 House districts,” and will have legislative discussions “with both parties” — referring to the U.S. Democratic and Republican Parties.

It might be easier to realize Musk’s dream of colonizing Mars than to bridge the political aisle in the U.S. government today.

To be fair, some thought appeared to be behind the move. Musk decided to form the party after holding a poll on X in which 65.4% of respondents voted in favor.

Folks, here’s direct democracy — and the powerful post-separation motivation — in action.

 — CNBC’s Erin Doherty contributed to this report.

What you need to know today

And finally…

An investor sits in front of a board showing stock information at a brokerage office in Beijing, China.

Thomas Peter | Reuters

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