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Keeping people who are serving a controversial indefinite sentence beyond their minimum term in prison has cost the taxpayer more than £1bn since 2012, Sky News analysis has found.

Sky News has analysed data relating to those serving imprisonment for public protection (IPP) sentences.

This is a type of open-ended sentence that was abolished more than a decade ago following widespread concern over its implementation and psychological impact on inmates.

From April 2012 to December 2023, it cost the taxpayer an estimated £1.1bn to house unreleased IPP prisoners who were serving time beyond their original tariff – the term used to describe the minimum amount of time they had to spend in custody before they could be considered for release by the Parole Board.

It does not include those who have been recalled back to prison after initially being released under strict licence conditions.

The analysis comes as new data released by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) shows 2,852 people remain incarcerated under the IPP system, including those who have been recalled back into custody.

Of this number, 1,227 have never been released, while 1,210 are behind bars beyond their original tariff.

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In the analysis, Sky News took the average cost of a prisoner in each financial year back to 2012/13 and multiplied that by the number of prisoners remaining on expired IPP sentences at the end of each year.

Adding together these costs for each year since 2012/13 comes to a total of £1.1bn.

What are IPP sentences?

Implemented in 2005 under the then Labour government, IPP sentences were intended for the most serious violent and sexual offenders who posed a significant risk of serious harm to the public but whose crimes did not warrant a life term.

Although the government’s stated aim was public protection, concerns quickly grew that IPP sentences were being applied too broadly and catching more minor offenders – with many serving time in prison much longer than their initial term.

In light of the criticisms, IPPs were scrapped in 2012 but the change was not applied retrospectively – meaning those who were in prison at the time the sentence was abolished were not able to benefit.

There have long been calls from campaigners for the government to review the use of IPP sentences – which have been described as “cruel and degrading” by Alice Jill Edwards, a torture expert at the UN.

In 2022 parliament’s Justice Select Committee published a report recommending a resentencing exercise, arguing the IPP sentence was “irredeemably flawed” and caused “acute harm” to those serving them due to the prisoner not knowing when they might be released.

Successive governments have been reluctant to carry out a resentencing exercise on the grounds it could compromise public safety.

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Sky News speaks to families whose loved ones are being held in prison on open-ended sentences

However, Justice Secretary Alex Chalk – who has described IPPs as a “stain” on the justice system – has come under pressure to heed the committee’s calls due to the current capacity constraints in the prison system.

Data from the MoJ published last week shows the prison estate in England and Wales is approaching its operational capacity limit, with just 1,430 spaces left.

According to the campaigning organisation the Institute of Now, the number of people still inside on IPP sentences beyond their tariff could fill the equivalent of more than four average-size UK prisons.

Henry Rossi, a human rights campaigner and founder of The Institute of Now, said: “Far too many people, both prisoners and their families, have been subjected to psychological torture from this wicked sentence, which in so many cases, has led to suicides.

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In 2012 the government abolished IPP sentences, but they didn’t do this retrospectively

“Prisons are not the place to manage those that have served their time as punishment. The UK has blood on its hands and the government must urgently relook at this draconian sentence and release post-tariff IPP prisoners with the appropriate support.”

A MoJ spokesperson said: “We have reduced the number of unreleased IPP prisoners by three-quarters since we scrapped the sentence in 2012, with a 12% fall in the last year alone where the Parole Board deemed prisoners safe to release.

“We have also taken decisive action to curtail licence periods and continue to help those still in custody to progress towards release, including improving access to rehabilitation programmes and mental health support.”

The MoJ figures and Sky News analysis comes as a separate report from the Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) shows how care and separation units (CSUs) are regularly being used as a “stop gap” to manage prisoners with severe mental health needs – including those serving IPP sentences.

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It costs about £48,000 to keep someone in prison in the UK – and there are still just under 3,000 IPP prisoners behind bars

In one case, a man with a schizophrenia diagnosis cumulatively spent almost nine months in the CSU – also known as segregation or “the seg” – during which time the IMB said his mental health “dramatically deteriorated”.

In another example, an IPP prisoner with a personality disorder spent over 800 days in the CSU before they were transferred to an appropriate unit.

Read more:
Inside the lives of IPP prisoners
Reforms announced on indefinite prison sentences

Elisabeth Davies, IMB national chair, said: “Segregating any prisoner, especially those with mental health needs, is not a decision taken lightly by prison managers. While they clearly feel that they have no other option, CSUs should not be used as holding bays for these vulnerable individuals.

“While local IMBs found that overall staff worked hard to support prisoners in the best way that they could, collectively they have reported a disturbing picture of mentally unwell men spending lengthy periods in isolation, which often results in a deterioration of their mental health.

“If anything is to change, the solution is, and has always been, providing appropriate mental health provision in the community and tighter controls around the transfer times from prison to hospital.”

A government spokesperson said: “Segregation is an absolute last resort for those deemed a danger to themselves or others.

“Prisoners are entitled to the same care as they would receive in the community, which is why we guarantee the most vulnerable individuals are able to access mental health support tailored to their needs.”

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Man guilty of murder of Cher Maximen at Notting Hill Carnival

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Man guilty of murder of Cher Maximen at Notting Hill Carnival

A man has been found guilty of murdering a mother as she attended Notting Hill Carnival with her three-year-old daughter.

Cher Maximen, 32, was at the event in west London on 25 August last year when she was stabbed in the groin after trying to intervene in a fight.

Shakeil Thibou, 20, was charged with her murder after she died in hospital on 31 August.

He was found guilty by a majority of 10 to two jurors and is due for sentencing on 16 May.

Cher Maximen
Image:
Cher Maximen

Read more:
Mother killed in Notting Hill Carnival attack was ‘beautiful soul

Moments before stabbing Ms Maximen, Thibou carried out an “equally horrifying attack” on a man who was backing away from him, the Old Bailey has heard.

He was also convicted of attempting to cause grievous bodily harm to 20-year-old Adjei Isaac with intent, and having an offensive weapon.

At the opening of the trial in February, prosecutor Ed Brown KC told the court Ms Maximen and the group she was with had got caught up in the middle of a “horrifying outbreak of violence”.

At the time, Ms Maximen had been crouched chatting to her friends as they sat on the ground with their children.

 Cher Maximen
Image:
Cher Maximen

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She suffered a 12cm deep knife wound, which caused severe internal bleeding in her groin.

‘Pure anger’ in accused face

As jurors were shown police bodycam footage of the incident during a previous hearing at the Old Bailey, Mr Brown KC told them: “You will see pure anger in the face of Shakeil Thibou. This was right in front of her [Ms Maximen’s] three-year-old daughter.”

The “truly shocking” incident happened in just eight seconds.

How did it happen?

The Old Bailey previously heard how a crowd of hundreds splintered on Golborne Road in west London as Thibou and his two brothers, who were on trial alongside him facing separate charges, had an altercation with at least two other males.

 Cher Maximen
Image:
Cher Maximen

Thibou produced a “huge” knife, described by one witness as a zombie knife, and lunged repeatedly at Mr Isaac in a “determined, thrusting movement”, the Old Bailey heard.

Mr Isaac recoiled and during the altercation the pair bumped into Ms Maximen who had been crouched chatting to her friends as they sat on the ground with their children.

The knife, the prosecutor said, missed Mr Isaac by “centimetres”.

Mr Brown KC told the court Ms Maximen struggled to regain her footing after being knocked to the ground.

He said: “Cher Maximen in those moments grabbed hold of Shakeil Thibou’s coat, pulled it and managed to get partially to her feet.

“She appeared to attempt to strike out with her hand at Shakeil who of course was still holding that knife in his hand. Cher Maximen took a step towards Shakeil Thibou and at the same time attempted to raise her right leg out towards him.

“It was at this moment, Shakeil Thibou raised the knife directly towards Cher Maximen and deliberately thrust it towards her, stabbing her in the groin.”

Sheldon Thibou was found guilty of violent disorder and guilty of assault on an emergency worker, PC Oliver Mort.

Shaeim Thibou was cleared of violent disorder but found guilty of assault on an emergency worker, PC Mort.

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Cher Maximen: Family’s ‘rage’ after mother fatally stubbed in front of daughter at Notting Hill Carnival

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Cher Maximen: Family's 'rage' after mother fatally stubbed in front of daughter at Notting Hill Carnival

The family of a mother who was fatally stabbed as she attended Notting Hill Carnival with her three-year-old daughter has said “the feeling of loss is overwhelming, but so is the feeling of rage”.

Cher Maximen, 32, was stabbed at the west London carnival’s “Family Day” on 25 August last year.

Shakeil Thibou, 20, has now been found guilty of her murder, by a majority jury verdict of 10-2, after a trial at the Old Bailey.

“I’ve lost my parents. I’ve lost my brother. Nothing has felt like this ever,” Ms Maximen’s cousin Lawrence Hoo told Sky News.

“It is the cruellest thing, it truly is.”

Lawrence Hoo
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Lawrence Hoo

Ms Maximen died at a carnival she had been to so many times – she barely missed one.

On the day, Ms Maximen and her three-year-old daughter arrived at Europe’s biggest street party with a group of friends and their children. They’d been sitting and chatting when she was knocked over by some men who had started fighting.

News of her stabbing came almost immediately. Mr Hoo remembers receiving the call. “When I first heard that she’d been stabbed, I know it sounds silly, but I thought Cher will be alright. Cher’s strong, she’ll get through this.”

Ms Maximen was taken to hospital and underwent a number of emergency procedures before being put on life support.

Cher Maximen and a family member

Mr Hoo immediately headed to London to be at her bedside.

“I can remember being in the hospital being sat there with her, with other family members and that’s the last time I saw her. It still doesn’t feel real. There’s still disbelief,” he said.

“It’s the most senseless act to someone who had so much life and so much to give.”

Ms Maximen died from her injuries six days after the incident.

She was a vivacious young woman who grew up in Bristol and then London, finding her feet working with people in music and entertainment.

Ms Maximen was described as a “people person”, which for Mr Hoo manifested in her being “a bright light” in the lives of her loved ones.

He said: “It’s just this energy she had, she lit up the room. If you walked into a space, you’d know that Cher was there. Her energy itself would fill the room. She was a very bright light.”

Her life changed three years before her death when she became a mother in her late 20s.

Her daughter became her life’s work, she poured her love and energy into creating a person her family describe as her mini-me, “she’s Cher 2.0” Mr Hoo said.

Cher Maximen pictured as a child with her uncle Ty
Image:
Cher Maximen pictured as a child with her uncle Ty

Ms Maximen was stabbed just metres from her daughter on that day.

Mr Hoo said the idea of the toddler witnessing her mother on the ground punctuates the sadness the family feel with anger.

“The feeling of loss is overwhelming, but so is the feeling of rage,” he said. “She [Ms Maximen’s daughter] is aware that on that day, something happened to her mother.

“She saw her mother drop to the floor, and then she saw her mother bleed. That’s the daughter’s last living memory of her mother. And to live with that, knowing that that’s happened, that somebody did that. That’s why it’s so hard and that’s where the rage comes from.”

The family is now rallying around the little girl who is growing up without her mother.

Mr Hoo said the attack “will be a memory that will recur” for Ms Maximen’s daughter, adding “that is why it is so painful and hard to try to live with”.

“I think the trauma is going to be there, and trauma will raise its head when it chooses to come up. But we’ll be there for her,” he said.

The family held Ms Maximen’s funeral in October, and dozens came to remember a woman who loved to spread joy.

Mr Hoo said their focus is now Cher’s daughter: “It’s difficult to say how do we celebrate this life that was taken so prematurely. But I think it goes into her daughter, and it’s to give her daughter the best life and love, and tell her who her mother was.

“I just wish that we had so much more time.”

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Abuser who murdered husband and buried him in Canterbury garden jailed for 22 years

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Abuser who murdered husband and buried him in Canterbury garden jailed for 22 years

A domestic abuser who murdered her “frail” husband and buried him in the garden has been jailed for at least 22 years.

Maureen Rickards caused her husband “unimaginable pain and suffering”, said the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS).

She was found guilty at Canterbury Crown Court last month and today got a life sentence with a minimum of 22 years.

Jeremy Rickards, 65, was found wrapped in bin bags inside a hold-all at the couple’s property in St Martin’s Road, Canterbury, on 11 July last year.

He had five stab wounds to his chest – two of which pierced his heart.

There were also non-fatal injuries sustained about 10 days before his death, as well as other wounds thought to have been weeks old.

Grass cuttings were put over the body in an attempt to hide it, but the judge said police were alerted by an “overpowering odour” that “made them feel ill”.

Kent Police believe he was killed a month earlier and his corpse stored in an attic room cupboard before being moved.

Rickards, 50, told their daughter he had gone to Saudi Arabia for work, but police had no record of him leaving the UK.

The daughter became concerned by the style of messages she received and asked her mother if she’d taken over his phone.

She eventually reported him missing.

Jeremy Rickards: Pic: LinkedIn
Image:
Jeremy Rickards: Pic: LinkedIn

The last record of Mr Rickards being alive was when he topped up his phone on 8 June.

CCTV showed his wife of 27 years using his bank card a few weeks later, with the judge saying the cleaning products she bought were probably to clean up the killing.

Rickards was initially arrested for fraud – but officers searched the property and found the body.

The murder weapon has never been found.

Police said the victim was also seen with bruising on his face a few weeks before his death, telling a pub staff member he had been in a car accident.

But video found on his wife’s phone showed her shouting at him and the sounds of her beating him.

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Man guilty of murdering woman at Carnival

Mr Rickards briefly moved out of home in early June and was seen with numerous injuries at the property he stayed in.

His wife did not attend sentencing, but judge Mr Justice Kerr directed his comments towards her, saying: “Your videos also clearly show you threatening Jeremy, abusing him, using violence on him, and expressing an intention to kill him.

“He was in frail health and largely defenceless against you.”

Detectives said Rickards has never expressed remorse for the killing and tried to blame others.

“This was a horrific murder of a man who we believe had been a supportive husband to his wife, despite her violence towards him,” said Detective Inspector Colin McKeen.

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