When Russia launched its full-scale invasion, Ukraine’s president is said to have turned down a US offer to be evacuated with the words: “I need ammunition, not a ride.”
Two years on, Volodymyr Zelenskyy is still standing firm – but so too is his urgent need for weapons and ammunition, everything from bullets to fighter jets.
The UK and other Western allies rushed in support for the military during the first weeks of the war, with British and American anti-tank missiles playing a key role in enabling Ukrainian troops to fend off a Russian attempt to capture the capital Kyiv.
However, Western willingness to arm Ukraine has consistently lagged behind the requirement, in part because of concerns about giving too much capability and igniting a direct confrontation between NATO and Moscow – two nuclear-armed foes.
Image: A Ukrainian soldier in the frontline village of Robotyne. Pic: Reuters
Those nerves have belatedly eased over time, helped by relentless lobbying by Mr Zelenskyy and an understanding that defending Ukraine is vital for wider European security.
As a result, Ukrainian commanders have received increasingly powerful weapons, from tanks and multiple rocket launchers to longer-range missiles and the promise of warplanes.
A bigger challenge now, though, is the West’s capacity to keep delivering.
Decades of defence cuts in the UK and other European allies since the end of the Cold War, coupled with a reduction in physical production lines to manufacture new weapons and ammunition, mean that stockpiles in Europe in particular are running worryingly low.
Efforts are under way to revive what is known as the military industrial base but they are woefully slow compared to what the Russian side is doing.
Advertisement
Vladimir Putin put his economy on a war-footing, ramping up production of arms, while also striking deals with fellow dictatorships such as Iran and North Korea to import weapons from them.
It means his ability to rearm Russian forces is far greater than the West’s ability to re-equip the Ukrainians, even though the combined strength of the economies of NATO’s 31 – soon to be 32 – member states is some 25 times that of Russia.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
2:19
‘We can persuade Americans it matters’
Another major hazard is what direction the United States chooses to take.
By far the biggest and most powerful of Ukraine’s backers, US military support has been fundamental to Kyiv’s war-effort.
Joe Biden is clear that maintaining this assistance is vital, not just for Ukraine, but for the wider democratic world.
However, domestic political rows in the US Congress have held up the approval of a key funding package. There is also uncertainty about upcoming US elections and what a potential second Donald Trump presidency might mean for future support for Ukraine.
Entering his third year of full-scale war, Mr Zelenskyy will need to intensify the pressure even further on his allies to turn words of solidarity into more weapons.
Summing up the dilemma at a conference in Munich this month, he said: “Please do not ask Ukraine when the war will end. Ask yourself: ‘Why is Putin still able to continue it?'”
A father returning home after scattering his wife’s ashes was among the victims of the Air India crash, leaving his two young children suddenly orphaned.
Flight 171 was carrying 242 people when it struck a medical college hostel less than a minute after taking off from Ahmedabad airport, in western India.
Twenty-nine people on the ground were killed, taking the total number of victims to 270. A hospital official confirmed 270 bodies have been recovered from the crash site, but DNA testing is being conducted to identify the bodies.
Among the victims, 37-year-old Arjun Patoliya had been visiting India to fulfil his wife Bharti’s “final wish” to be laid to rest in her hometown of Gujarat.
Bharti had died just over two weeks ago, following a “courageous battle with cancer”.
A GoFundMe page, set up to raise funds for their two children, says: “Arjun left to bid farewell to his wife, never returned to the children they both raised.
“Now, these two beautiful young girls have been left without parents – their world turned upside down in just over two weeks.”
A fundraiser, which has topped more than a quarter of a million pounds, confirms all money raised will go directly into a legal trust, “to ensure every penny is dedicated to the girls’ needs”.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
India’s aviation minister has said a government panel reviewing the crash will complete its assessment in three months.
Ram Mohan Naidu said the government has also ordered “extended surveillance” of Boeing 787 planes. Air India operates 33 Boeing 787s, while rival airline IndiGo has one, according to data from Flightradar24.
Mr Naidu said the plane started descending after reaching 650 feet.
Every theory as to what happened will be looked into, he said. But in the meantime, he has instructed the airline to assist the families of passengers to ensure there is no delay in handing over the bodies of those who died.
Black box has been found
India’s aviation ministry says workers have recovered the digital flight data recorder – one of two black boxes on the plane, from the rooftop of the building where it crashed.
This box has data on engine and control settings, so will be able to show if there was a loss of engine power or lift after takeoff.
The investigation will initially focus on the engine, flaps and landing gear, a source told Reuters on Friday.
A possible bird-hit is not among the key areas of focus, the source said, adding that teams of anti-terror experts were part of the investigation process.
There is no information yet on the cockpit voice recorder, the other black box, which will be a crucial part of understanding what caused the plane to crash.
Tributes have been paid to victims of the Air India plane crash, including a couple and their three children and a man returning home after scattering his wife’s ashes.
Flight 171 was carrying 242 people when it struck a medical college hostel less than a minute after taking off from Ahmedabad airport, in western India, bound for Gatwick on Thursday.
Among those on board were 169 Indian nationals, 53 Britons, seven Portuguese nationals and one Canadian, the airline said.
It has confirmed 241 of those on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner were killed in the crash, with just one survivor – a British man from Leicester. Twenty-nine people on the ground were also killed, taking the total number of victims to 270, officials have said.
Tributes to those who died in the worst aviation crash in a decade are now being shared.
Arjun Patoliya
The 37-year-old had been to India to fulfil his wife Bharti’s “final wish” to scatter her ashes in her hometown in Gujarat, after she died following a battle with cancer.
He was returning home to his young daughters in north London, according to a GoFundMe page set up for the girls.
It says: “In a span of just 18 days, two young sisters – only 4 and 8 years old – have lost both of their beloved parents.”
Dr Prateek Joshi and his family
Image: The Joshi family smiling in a selfie before the plane took off. Pic: Supplied
Dr Joshi, a radiologist at the Royal Derby Hospital, was on the flight with his wife, Dr Komi Vyas, and their three children, Mirayal, Nakul and Pradyut.
In a post on Facebook, Derby Hindu Temple said: “We pray to Lord Shiva to grant eternal peace to the departed souls and to give strength to the bereaved family to bear this immense loss.”
Dr Joshi’s colleague Dr Rajeev Singh described him as “a wonderful man, friend, husband and father, and an exceptional radiologist who was highly respected in his field”.
“It is hard to accept that a man with such a passion for life, and his beautiful young family, have been taken in this way,” his statement continued.
“His passing has left a profound void, not only in his professional contributions but in the warmth and spirit that he gave to the world every day.”
Akeel Nanabawa, his wife Hannaa Vorajee and their four-year-old daughter
Image: Akeel Nanabawa, his wife Hannaa and their four-year-old daughter Sara. Pic: PA
The family of three from Gloucester were “widely loved and deeply respected”, their family said in a statement issued through their imam.
Mr Nanabawa ran a recruitment firm and Ms Vorajee volunteered at a local Islamic school and was a director for an organisation promoting understanding of Islam, Imam Abdullah Samad said.
Their daughter, Sara Nanabawa, was four years old.
The imam, who is headteacher at the school Sara had just started attending, told Sky News: “She had a smile like the rays of the sun, she would light up the room.
“She was exactly what her parents would have wanted her to be. She took a lot of good qualities from her parents. Staff at the school are absolutely devastated.”
He said of her parents: “They were widely loved and deeply respected. His quiet generosity, her warmth and kindness, and their daughter’s bright, joyful spirit made a lasting impact on everyone who knew them.”
Mariam and Javed Ali Syed and their two children
Image: Javed and Miriam Ali Syed. Pic: Facebook
The couple and their two children – five-year-old Zayn and four-year-old Amani – were returning from a holiday in India, Ms Ali Syed’s sister-in-law told the Telegraph.
The mother-of-two reportedly worked for Harrods for a decade while Mr Ali Syed is reported to have worked at a London hotel.
Speaking to the Telegraph, Yasmine Hassan said of the couple’s two children: “They are so small, they are five and four. And it’s just thinking how scared they must have been.”
The 40-year-old nurse and mother of two worked at Queen Alexandra Hospital in Portsmouth.
A Facebook page for nurses from India said she was originally from Thiruvalla, Kerala, and touched “countless lives with her care and compassion”.
Ajay Kumar Ramesh
Mr Ramesh was seated in a different row to his brother, Vishwash Kumar Ramesh, whose survival is being hailed as a miracle.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
0:58
Indian PM meets lone survivor of crash
Speaking outside the family home in Leicester, Jay, a relative of the brothers, said Vishwash asked about Ajay when he contacted his father after the tragedy.
Jay said: “After the crash, he spoke to his dad worrying about his brother saying, ‘Where’s Ajay’?”
Raxa Modha, her daughter-in-law and infant grandson
Image: Raxa Modha with her husband, who died from cancer. Pic: Facebook
A member of Raxa Modha’s family has told Sky News she was in India for a religious ceremony after the death of her husband two months ago.
She had travelled with her daughter-in-law Yasha and infant grandson Rudra.
All three of them were from Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
Image: Heer (left) and Dhir Baxi, with their grandmother. Pic: Family handout/PA
The siblings, both in their early twenties, were returning home to London after surprising their grandmother for her birthday.
Their cousin Ishan Baxi, who lives in Ahmedabad, said both women had an “amazing aura” and wanted to “roam the world”.
He said: “I am unable to control my tears even now also just because I was close to them, you just imagine what emotions parents are going through right now and think about guilt the grandma would feel right now.
“I just want God to bless those souls, all dreams, promises, aspirations vanished in seconds.”
Follow The World
Listen to The World with Richard Engel and Yalda Hakim every Wednesday
Image: Fiongal and Jamie Greenlaw-Meek. Pic: Instagram
The couple, who ran a spiritual wellness centre in Ramsgate, Kent, filmed themselves laughing and joking at the airport just moments before boarding the plane.
The former editor of This Morning has paid tribute to Fiongal, who appeared on the show earlier this year, and his partner.
Martin Frizell said on Instagram: “I remember his visit to the studio in January, he was passionate about auras and although I’m a sceptical sort, his vibrancy and sheer enthusiasm won folk over.”
Adam and Hasina Taju, and Altafhusen Patel
Adam Taju, 72, and his wife Hasina, 70, were flying with their son-in-law Altafhusen, the couple’s granddaughter told the BBC.
Iran claims it has shot down two Israeli jets and that its response to Friday night’s attacks on nuclear and military infrastructure has begun.
The reports emerged as smoke was seen rising from Tel Aviv as Iran launched missiles at the Israeli city.
Air raid sirens had been heard across Tel Aviv and Jerusalem as the missiles neared Israel.
Footage has shown Israel’s Iron Dome air defence system – which uses radars to detect and intercept short-range rockets, missiles and drones – stopping Iranian missiles from striking the city.
However, video also suggests some missiles made it through. According to Israeli medics, a total of 34 people were taken to hospital in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
3:13
How Iran’s retaliatory attack unfolded
In a statement at around 1:50am on Saturday local time (11:50pm on Friday UK time), the Israel Defense Forces said: “In the past hour, dozens of missiles have been launched from Iran toward the State of Israel. Some of the missiles were intercepted.
“Search and Rescue forces are currently operating in a number of locations across the country in which reports of fallen projectiles were received.”
Meanwhile, the Iranian Army had earlier said in a statement that its “defence forces successfully hit and destroyed two F-35 fighter jets belonging to the zionist entity, in addition to a large number of small drones”.
“The fate of the two fighter pilots remains unknown and is being investigated,” the statement added.
Image: An explosion is seen during a missile attack in Tel Aviv tonight. Pic: AP Photo/Tomer Neuberg
Sky News correspondent Mark Stone, who used to be based in Jerusalem, has said Iran is trying to “overwhelm the Iron Dome defence system, which has to be manually reloaded again and again”.
He added: “[The Iron Dome] can be overwhelmed. We saw a number of instances in the videos a moment ago where it was clearly overwhelmed and some of those ballistic missiles hit targets in Tel Aviv.”
Three American officials have told Sky’s US partner network NBC News that the US military helped Israel down some Iranian missiles this evening.
Image: Response workers in Tel Aviv. Pic: Magen David Adom
Image: The aftermath of the attack on Tel Aviv. Pic: Magen David Adom
As the barrage of missiles was fired at Israel, Iran’s supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei wrote on X: “The Zionist regime (Israel) will not remain unscathed from the consequences of its crime.
“The Iranian nation must be guaranteed that our response will not be half-measured,” he said, adding Iran will “inflict heavy blows” on Israel.
Mr Khamenei also said that Israel has initiated a war and that Tehran will not allow it to conduct “hit and run” attacks without grave consequences.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
0:47
Smoke rises in Iran after Israeli strikes
It came before Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called on Iranians to stand up to the regime in Tehran and help Israel “clear the path for you to achieve your freedom”.
In a video released during Iran’s missile attack on Israel, Mr Netanyahu said Israel had taken out a “large portion” of Iran’s ballistic missile arsenal and its “most significant enrichment facility”.
“More is on the way,” he added. “The regime does not know what hit them, or what will hit them. It has never been weaker. This is your opportunity to stand up and let your voices be heard.”
The Israeli military has told people they can now leave air raid shelters but must stay near them in case of further attacks.
The Israel Defence Forces issued instructions earlier this evening telling residents to stay in shelters and minimise movement in open areas.
UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer and US President Donald Trump have agreed the mounting conflict between Iran and Israel should be resolved by “diplomacy and dialogue”.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
0:36
Israeli ambassador: ‘We were expecting Iran’s retaliation’
The two leaders spoke on Friday evening, as western nations began a diplomatic flurry to calm the conflict between Israel and Iran.
Sir Keir earlier urged Mr Netanyahu to de-escalate and work towards a “diplomatic resolution”.
Meanwhile, Mr Trump urged Iran to quickly reach an agreement on curbing its nuclear program as Israel vowed to continue its bombardment of the country.
Mr Trump framed the volatile moment in the Middle East as a possible “second chance” for Iran’s leadership to avoid further destruction “before there is nothing left and save what was once known as the Iranian Empire.”
The US president had urged Mr Netanyahu not to attack Iran.
The two leaders had what was described as a heated 40-minute exchange by telephone last Monday.
Speaking just hours before the attack, Mr Trump said he feared such action would destroy US hopes of an agreement with Iran to curtail its nuclear programme.