The UK has seen a “persistent under delivery” of new homes, according to the competition watchdog which has launched an investigation into eight major housebuilders.
Too few new homes are being delivered due to a “complex and unpredictable” planning system and the widening gap between what’s being built by private developers and what people need, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) said.
Its report into the housebuilding industry also identified “substantial concerns” about estate management charges – with homeowners “often facing” high and unclear charges for the management of roads, drainage and green spaces.
Less than 250,000 new homes were built last year across Britain – well below the 300,000-target for England alone, the CMA said.
Why building targets aren’t being met
Targets have only been met when local authorities build houses, the CMA said, but the majority of building currently comes from the private sector, it added.
“It is notable that housebuilding has only reached the levels that are currently being targeted in periods where significant supply was provided via local authority building”.
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Along with planning problems, a key reason for this is the system of development where homes are built without knowing in advance who will buy them or for how much, a system known as speculative private development.
The majority of houses (60%) built from 2021 to 2022 came through this system which allows builders to respond to market changes but has led to a gap between what people need and what is being built.
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“The evidence shows that private developers produce houses at a rate at which they can be sold without needing to reduce their prices, rather than diversifying the types and numbers of homes they build to meet the needs of different communities (for example providing more affordable housing),” the CMA said of the system.
Quality
Concern about the quality of housing was also identified.
The number of owners reporting issues increased over the last decade, the CMA found, as housebuilders don’t have strong incentives to compete with each other on quality and consumers have unclear routes to have problems solved.
Serious problems, such as collapsing staircases and ceilings, were experienced in a “substantial minority” of new houses.
Investigation into major housebuilders
An investigation into eight housebuilders has been launched as the CMA suspects them of sharing commercially sensitive information, which could be influencing the prices of new homes.
While the issue is not one of the main drivers high house prices and the shortfall in delivery number, the CMA said it is important its tackles anti-competitive behaviour if found.
Developers being investigated include Barratt, Bellway, Berkeley, Bloor Homes, Persimmon, Redrow, Taylor Wimpey, and Vistry.
The CMA said it has not reached any conclusions at this stage as to whether competition law has been infringed.
Roughly two-fifths of the homes built between 2021 to 2022 were delivered by the largest, national housebuilders, many of whom are the subject of the CMA investigation, while more than 50,000 homes were delivered by thousands of smaller, regional builders.
Growing estate management charges
A “growing trend” of housing estates with privately managed public amenities such as green spaces was found by the CMA.
Of new homes sold by the biggest builders in 2021 to 2022, 80% were subject to estate management charges which, the CMA said are “often high and unclear”.
The average charge was £350, the CMA found, but one-off, unplanned charges for significant repair work can cost thousands of pounds and cause considerable stress to homeowners.
“Many homeowners are unable to switch estate management providers, receive inadequate information upfront, have to deal with shoddy work or unsatisfactory maintenance, and face unclear administration or management charges which can often make up 50% or more of the total bill”, it added.
A Bellway spokesperson said: “Bellway has engaged and co-operated fully with the CMA throughout its market study – and will continue to do so… We remain focused on the delivery of high-quality new homes that meet local demand and enhance the communities we build in as we work to increase the supply of UK housing.”
A spokesperson for the Home Builders Federation said: “We welcome recognition that the planning system is a fundamental barrier to delivery and adds unnecessary delay and cost into the development process, and the need for local authorities to have plans in place and properly resourced planning departments.”
“Housebuilders do not want to be long term mangers of estates and make absolutely no profit from the management companies that are required to be put in place.”
An outsourcing group backed by Lord Hammond, the former chancellor of the exchequer, is among the suitors circling Telent, a major provider of digital infrastructure services.
Sky News has learnt that Amey, which endured years of financial difficulties before being taken over by two private equity firms in 2022, has tabled an indicative offer to buy Telent.
Industry sources expect a deal to be worth more than £300m, with a next round of bids due later this month.
Amey is part-owned by Buckthorn Partners, where Lord Hammond is a partner.
The outsourcer was previously owned by Ferrovial, the Spanish infrastructure giant, but ran into financial trouble before being sold just over two years ago.
It announced earlier this week that it had completed a refinancing backed by lenders including Apollo Global Management, HSBC and JP Morgan.
Amey is understood to be competing against at least one other trade bidder and one financial bidder for Telent.
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Once part of Marconi, one of Britain’s most famous industrial names, Telent ended up under the control of JC Flowers, the private equity firm, as part of a deal involving Pension Insurance Corporation, the specialist insurer, several years ago.
It provides a range of services to telecoms and other communications providers.
Amey declined to comment, while Telent could not be reached for comment.
The Post Office is proposing a big hike in the fees that banks pay to allow their customers to access its network as it attempts to secure additional funding to boost postmasters’ pay.
Sky News understands that more than two dozen banks and building societies are considering a proposal submitted to them recently by the Post Office that would see the next banking framework costing them between £350m and £400m annually – up from about £250m-a-year under the current deal.
Banking sources said the roughly 30 high street lenders were due to respond to the Post Office’s proposal in the early part of the spring.
A deal costing the banks at least £350m a year is expected to be finalised by the autumn, the sources added.
The additional proceeds from the next agreement, which expires at the end of this year, will be used in part to strengthen the new deal for sub-postmasters unveiled by Post Office chairman Nigel Railton in November.
Under the banking framework agreement, the 30 banks and mutuals’ customers can access the Post Office’s 11,500 branches for a range of services, including depositing and withdrawing cash.
The service is particularly valuable to those who still rely on physical cash after a decade in which 6,000 bank branches have been closed across Britain.
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In 2023, more than £10bn worth of cash was withdrawn over the counter and £29bn in cash was deposited over the counter, the Post Office said last year.
A new agreement with the banks will come at a critical time for the Post Office, whose new leadership team is trying to place it on a sustainable long-term footing.
Reliant on an annual government subsidy, the reputation of the network’s previous management team was left in tatters by the Horizon IT scandal and the wrongful conviction of hundreds of sub-postmasters.
A Post Office spokesperson said: “Our partnership with 30 banks and building societies ensures that no one who relies on cash is left behind, made possible by our postmasters in almost every community of the country.
UK business goes into the new year in a surly mood.
New Chancellor Rachel Reeves‘s hike in employer’s National Insurance contributions (NICs) in her autumn budget will raise the cost of employing people and that is likely to have an impact on both hiring and investment.
For individual sectors, there are specific challenges: the car industry, for example, is still grappling with the threat of penalties where electric vehicles are too low a proportion of their overall sales.
Consumer-facing businesses are also under considerable pressure, not only from the rise in employer’s NICs but also the forthcoming rise in the national living wage, something which particularly hurts the hospitality sector.
That sector, along with retail, also faces a challenge in that consumer confidence remains subdued.
The plight of retailers was underlined by a spate of profit warnings just before Christmas, since when there has been evidence of weak footfall in the sales period.
It is not all doom and gloom though with, for example, conditions in the house building sector expected to gradually improve during 2025.
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The new year will also pose other challenges.
Businesses of all shapes and sizes will spend an increasing amount of time trying to figure out how to incorporate generative artificial intelligence into their operations.
And, for some big multinationals and exporters, there may be a further headwind in the form of tariffs imposed by the incoming Trump administration in the US.
Multinationals doing business in or with France and Germany may also see their earnings hit by the tepid economic conditions in both countries – with activity in the latter put on hold until after the snap election in February.
Flatlining economy
The UK economy is flatlining, at best, as it enters the new year.
From being the fastest growing economy in the G7 during the first half of 2024, the UK stagnated during the third quarter of the year as the incoming government ladled on the doom and gloom in a bid to underline what it presented as its dire economic inheritance, hitting business and consumer confidence in the process.
Things may actually have worsened since then, as the latest figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest the economy contracted during October, while the Purchasing Managers Index survey data from S&P Global for November point to a contraction in activity in that month too.
The Bank of England expects the economy to have flatlined during the final three months of the year.
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Why has growth ground to a halt?
The forthcoming rise in employer’s NICs is likely to have a dampening effect on activity although, in all probability, this is more likely to show up in depressed hiring activity, rather than a significant rise in unemployment, since there remain more than 800,000 unfilled job vacancies in the economy.
The UK’s long-running skills shortages – a consistent factor during the first quarter of this century – continue to drag on growth.
Unfortunately, neither households or businesses can expect the Bank of England to ride to the rescue, with the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) now likely to deliver fewer interest rate cuts during 2025 than had been expected even a few months ago.
The headline rate of inflation, which rose to 2.6% in November, is likely to remain stubbornly above the bank’s target rate throughout the year and that will continue to be a cause for concern for the MPC.
The biggest cause of economic uncertainty faced by the world in 2025, though, is whether Donald Trump will press ahead with the tariffs he promised US voters during the presidential election campaign and, if he does, whether other countries will respond in kind – sparking a damaging trade war that would hit global growth.
The UK, the EU and Japan have all indicated they would seek to avoid tit-for-tat retaliatory measures – but China is unlikely to take such an approach.
Mixed picture for household finances
Household finances will be mixed in the UK during 2025.
Consumer confidence began to fall in November, even as the Bank of England was cutting interest rates, while the latest political monitor from pollsters Ipsos Mori suggest that two-thirds of Britons expect the UK’s general economic condition will deteriorate over the next 12 months.
An increase in the household energy price cap in January and in water bills in April will also eat into disposable incomes.
More damaging still will be a rise in council tax bills in April after the government gave local authorities permission to raise council tax by up to 5%.
Most are expected to do so – saddling one household in every 10 with an annual council tax bill of more than £3,000.
Adding to the pressure will be higher shop prices.
Food inflation, which had been falling since early 2023, began to rise again in September 2024 and that will continue because all of the UK’s biggest grocery retailers, including Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Marks & Spencer – have warned that the hike in employer’s NICs will result in higher prices.
Weighed against that is the likelihood of at least two interest rate cuts from the Bank of England, benefiting households with mortgages, although would be first time buyers will still find housing affordability a challenge.
It must also be remembered that, with employment at record levels, the vast majority of UK households ought to be able to at least maintain their standard of living provided the main breadwinner remains in work.
Wages have tracked above the headline rate of inflation now for the best part of two years – although earnings growth is likely to slow in the second half of the year as employers grapple with their higher tax bill