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There is a “high risk” that a man with learning difficulties was manipulated into falsely confessing to the murder of a shopkeeper, the Court of Appeal has heard.

Oliver Campbell, who suffered brain damage as a baby, was “badgered and bullied” by police into admitting to the killing in 1990, his lawyers said.

Murder victim Baldev Hoondle was shot in the back of the head as he struggled with one of two robbers at his off-licence in Hackney, east London.

After being interviewed by police without a lawyer, Campbell was jailed for life in 1991 for murder and robbery, and was released on licence in 2002.

The 53-year-old, who continues to live under restrictions that mean he needs permission to get a job and is prevented from travelling abroad, is now appealing against his conviction.

It comes after Campbell told Sky News’ Martin Brunt that he was “under duress” when he admitted to the murder.

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Man could be cleared of murder

‘Relentless questioning’

Giving evidence in London on day two of the hearing, forensic psychologist Professor Gisli Hannes Gudjonsson said there was a “high risk” that Campbell, showing “acquiescence” to “relentless” questioning, wrongly admitted to the crime.

He told the court on Thursday: “It was not clear to [Campbell] that the police thought he had done it, and he was claiming he had not done it, and basically, it came to a point that resistance was breaking down.

“He was giving the police what he thought they wanted, believing that he might then get out or they may stop interrogating him.

“The mindset is, there is relentless questioning, how can I stop them questioning me? How can I get them off my back?”

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Prof Gudjonsson added that he “can’t say whether this is a false confession or not, it is not for me to say”.

But he added: “I am looking at the science, and the science tells me that there are several cumulative risk factors that increase the likelihood of this being a false confession.”

The forensic psychologist also noted during the hearing that Campbell was interviewed 14 times by police during the investigation, including many times without a solicitor or appropriate adult, which he said was “seriously problematic”.

“The techniques [of questioning] that were used carry a very high risk. They were dangerous,” he said. “These kinds of manipulations do significantly increase the risk of a false confession.”

Baldev Hoondle was shot in the back of the head in his east London shop Pic: Metropolitan Police
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Baldev Hoondle was shot in the back of the head in his shop in 1990. Pic: Metropolitan Police

‘Nonsense’ answers

Campbell was 21 when he was convicted. A British Knights baseball cap he bought days before the killing was found near the scene in Hackney, but hairs found inside it did not belong to him.

Speaking on Wednesday, barrister Michael Birnbaum KC said that Eric Samuels – Campbell’s co-defendant who has since died – had “told people over 10 years that Oliver was not with him in the robbery”.

Samuels was cleared of murder but jailed for five years after admitting to robbery.

Campbell’s lawyer noted that Samuel’s admissions were deemed “inadmissible hearsay” and not presented to jurors at trial and said officers may have “deliberately lied” to Campbell to adduce confessions.

Mr Birnbaum also described his client’s answers to police questioning as “simply absurd”, “nonsense” and containing a “litany of inconsistencies” against the facts of the case.

He told the court on Wednesday: “The reason for the nonsense of Oliver’s confession were simply because he was not there, and did not know the details of what happened.”

Colin Campbell made a confession for murder without having a solicitor to represent him
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Campbell told Sky News that he admitted to the murder as he was “under duress”.

‘I felt vulnerable’

Before the appeal hearing, Campbell told Sky’s Martin Brunt he felt under huge pressure when he was interviewed by detectives.

He said: “It was like someone putting you in a room and there’s no way out of it. I felt vulnerable, 100%.

“If they had done their homework they would have realised I was wrongly arrested, wrongly convicted and wrongly jailed.”

His lawyers also told Sky News: “Oliver suffered severe brain damage as a baby.

“His intelligence is borderline defective with an impaired capacity to process or remember more than the simplest verbal information, severely restricted reasoning skills and poor concentration and memory.”

Proceedings were adjourned on Thursday.

The Crown Prosecution Service, which is resisting the appeal brought to the court by the Criminal Cases Review Commission, will make its submissions at a future hearing.

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Police appeal to trace further 18 people linked to disorder at Unite the Kingdom march

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Police appeal to trace further 18 people linked to disorder at Unite the Kingdom march

Police have appealed for help to identify an additional 18 people suspected of public order offences and assaults on emergency workers on the day of the Unite the Kingdom march.

Between 110,000 and 150,000 people attended the rally in central London on 13 September, the Metropolitan Police estimates.

Protesters heard a number of speeches, including from far-right activist Tommy Robinson, who organised the rally and called it the “biggest freedom of speech” event in British history.

Pics: Met Police
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Pics: Met Police

An anti-racism counter-protest, attended by about 5,000 campaigners, also took place, with the two groups clashing on Whitehall and Trafalgar Square, separated by lines of police.

Police previously said 24 people were arrested at the protests, 23 of whom are believed to have been involved in the Unite the Kingdom rally, while one was believed to be involved in the counter-protest.

The force launched an appeal to identify 11 people last week, one of whom was identified.

Officers now want to speak to a further 18 people “in connection with a range of public order offences and assaults on emergency workers” and have released 16 new images.

Pics: Met Police
Image:
Pics: Met Police

The Met previously said 26 officers were assaulted with kicks and punches, adding: “Bottles, flares and other projectiles were also thrown and concerted attempts were made to get past barriers.”

“Our post-event investigation continues and officers have looked through hundreds of hours of CCTV footage to review evidence to help with further inquiries,” said Detective Chief Inspector Natalie Norris.

“We have 28 people we want to speak to in connection with a range of offences – and we are again appealing for the public’s help to track them down.”

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People may have travelled from outside London, so she said she was asking people “across the country” to look at a number of pictures that have been released and to get in touch if they recognise anyone.

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UK to push peace plan at UN summit after recognising Palestinian state – but Netanyahu says Palestine ‘will not happen’

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UK to push peace plan at UN summit after recognising Palestinian state - but Netanyahu says Palestine 'will not happen'

The UK is set to push for a peace plan for the Middle East at the UN General Assembly after recognising the state of Palestine.

Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper is expected to use the summit to address civilian suffering in war-torn Gaza and aim to strengthen “the international consensus on our pathway for peace in the Middle East”.

She will hold bilateral meetings to advance elements of the peace plan, including security measures to ensure Hamas has no role in the future governance of Gaza, according to the Foreign Office.

Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, who won’t attend the summit, announced on Sunday that the UK recognises Palestine as an independent state, to “revive the hope of peace for the Palestinians and Israelis, and a two-state solution”.

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‘Ordinary people deserve to live in peace’

It is a significant moment in the history of Britain’s involvement in the region, and comes as the number of people killed during the Gaza conflict continues to rise and conditions for the people trapped become even more desperate.

Australia, Canada and Portugal made similar announcements, with France expected to follow suit at the UN on Monday.

The move was met with fierce backlash by Israel, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu saying it was “absurd” and a “huge reward to terrorism”. He also vowed that a Palestinian state “will not happen”.

More on War In Gaza

Read more: What recognising a Palestinian state actually means

Flags of Palestine and Israel are projected onto the Eiffel Tower. Pic: AP/Christophe Ena
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Flags of Palestine and Israel are projected onto the Eiffel Tower. Pic: AP/Christophe Ena

Separately, an Israeli official said the “full or partial annexation of the West Bank” is now “an option under consideration in response” to the move.

US President Donald Trump also addressed the coordinated recognition of the state of Palestine by the UK, Australia, Canada and Portugal, saying “I’m not in that camp” because recognising a Palestinian state was “rewarding Hamas”.

The families of hostages held in Gaza called it a “betrayal of humanity and a move that rewards Hamas while 48 hostages remain in captivity”.

A tent camp for displaced Palestinians stretches along the Muwasi, in southern Gaza. Pic: AP/Jehad Alshrafi
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A tent camp for displaced Palestinians stretches along the Muwasi, in southern Gaza. Pic: AP/Jehad Alshrafi

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said the recognition of the state of Palestine would allow it to “live side by side with the State of Israel in security, peace, and good neighbourliness”.

Senior Hamas official Mahmoud Mardawi reportedly celebrated the move as a victory for “the justice of our cause”.

But Sir Keir was clear to emphasise that recognition of Palestine was “not a reward for Hamas”, saying the terror group “can have no future, no role in government, no role in security” in a future state and confirming plans to ratchet up sanctions on Hamas “in the coming weeks”.

“Our call for a genuine two-state solution is the exact opposite of their hateful vision,” he added.

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Gazans react after Starmer recognises Palestinian statehood

The prime minister also repeated his criticism of Israel, which for nearly two years has waged war on the densely populated Gaza Strip.

“The Israeli government’s relentless and increasing bombardment of Gaza, the offensive of recent weeks, the starvation and devastation are utterly intolerable,” he said.

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Destroyed buildings in Gaza, as seen from Israeli side of the border. Pic: Reuters
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Destroyed buildings in Gaza, as seen from Israeli side of the border. Pic: Reuters

The number of people killed in Gaza since the IDF launched its offensive following the 7 October attacks has now risen above 65,000, according to Hamas-run health authorities.

“This death and destruction horrifies all of us. It must end,” Sir Keir said.

An updated map of Israel and Palestine on the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office website
Image:
An updated map of Israel and Palestine on the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office website

In recognising Palestine as a state, the UK does so based on 1967 borders to be finalised as part of future negotiations. It would be led by a “reformed Palestinian Authority”.

The UK also acknowledges “all legal rights and obligations of statehood” for Palestine.

An updated map on the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office website now has the West Bank and Gaza labelled as ‘Palestine’ rather than the ‘Occupied Palestinian Territories’. This change has been rolled out across the website.

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UK officially recognises Palestine as a state

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UK officially recognises Palestine as a state

Sir Keir Starmer has announced the UK has officially recognised Palestine as a state.

“Today, to revive the hope of peace for the Palestinians and Israelis, and a two state solution, the United Kingdom formally recognises the State of Palestine,” the prime minister said on X, alongside a longer video statement.

“In the face of the growing horror in the Middle East, we are acting to keep alive the possibility of peace and a two-state solution.

“That means a safe and secure Israel alongside a viable Palestinian state. At the moment, we have neither.”

Follow latest: Palestine recognised as a state by three countries

Canada and Australia also officially recognised Palestinian statehood on Sunday, ahead of a conference of the UN General Assembly in New York this week.

It is a significant moment in the history of Britain’s involvement in the region, and comes as the death toll from the Israeli war on Gaza continues to rise and conditions for the people trapped become even more desperate.

An updated map of the region the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office website
Image:
An updated map of the region the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office website

Sir Keir said in July that the government would recognise Palestine unless Israel met certain conditions, including agreeing to a ceasefire and allowing the UN to restart the supply of aid.

In recognising Palestine as a state, the UK does so based on 1967 borders to be finalised as part of future negotiations. It would be led by a “reformed Palestinian Authority”.

The UK also acknowledges “all legal rights and obligations of statehood” for Palestine.

An updated map on the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office website now has the West Bank and Gaza labelled as ‘Palestine’ rather than the ‘Occupied Palestinian Territories’. This change has been rolled out across the website.

Protesters in Tel Aviv calling for the release of hostages. Pic: AP
Image:
Protesters in Tel Aviv calling for the release of hostages. Pic: AP

Sir Keir calls on Hamas to release the hostages

The prime minister repeated his calls for the the Israeli hostages – held in captivity since the brutal attacks on Israel on 7 October, 2023 – to be released by Hamas.

“I have met British families of the hostages. I see the torture that they endure each and every day. Pain that strikes deep in people’s hearts across Israel and here in the United Kingdom.

“The hostages must be released immediately and we will keep fighting to bring them home.”

Sir Keir was also clear to emphasise that recognition of Palestine was “not a reward for Hamas”, saying that the terror group “can have no future, no role in government, no role in security” in a future state.

“I have directed work to sanction other Hamas figures in the coming weeks,” he added.

Read more:
Gaza City doctors say hospital at breaking point
Why Starmer’s move to recognise Palestine is a major shift

Huge amounts of Gaza have been razed to the ground. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Huge amounts of Gaza have been razed to the ground. Pic: Reuters


Starmer calls on Israel to end Gaza offensives

Sir Keir also repeated his criticism of Israel, which for nearly two years has waged a brutal war on the densely-populated Gaza Strip.

“The Israeli government’s relentless and increasing bombardment of Gaza, the offensive of recent weeks, the starvation and devastation are utterly intolerable.”

The death toll in Gaza since the IDF launched its offensive following the 7 October attacks has now risen above 65,000 people, according to Hamas-run health authorities.

“This death and destruction horrifies all of us. It must end,” he said.

A pro-Palestinian march in London earlier this year. Pic: PA
Image:
A pro-Palestinian march in London earlier this year. Pic: PA

British people ‘desperately want to see’ peace

Sir Keir also said: “Ordinary people, Israeli and Palestinian, deserve to live in peace. To try to rebuild their lives free from violence and suffering.

“That’s what the British people desperately want to see.”

But he warned that the possibility of a Palestinian state was in danger of vanishing forever.

“With the actions of Hamas, the Israeli government escalating the conflict, and settlement building being accelerated in the West Bank, the hope of a two-state solution is fading, but we cannot let that light go out.

“That is why we are building consensus with leaders in the region and beyond, around our framework for peace.”

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What changed in UK’s Gaza policy?

Sir Keir said this is a “practical plan” to bring people together behind a “common vision” that moves from a ceasefire in Gaza to negotiations on a two-state solution.

“We will keep driving this forward,” he pledged.

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