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Caroline Ellison, former chief executive officer of Alameda Research LLC, center, arrives at court in New York, US, on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2023. 

Yuki Iwamura | Bloomberg | Getty Images

In sentencing FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried to a 25-year prison sentence on Thursday, Judge Lewis Kaplan cited testimony from Caroline Ellison, an ex-girlfriend of the defendant and early recruit into his crypto enterprise.

“I keep coming back to Ms. Ellison’s testimony that he knew it was wrong,” Kaplan said at the sentencing hearing in downtown Manhattan. “He knew it was criminal.”

Ellison was the star witness for the Department of Justice in its prosecution of Bankman-Fried. She agreed to a plea deal in December 2022, a month after FTX spiraled into bankruptcy.

As part of her testimony at the criminal trial late last year, Ellison supplied the government and the jury with text messages, documents and secret recordings that ultimately helped lead to Bankman-Fried’s conviction on all seven charges against him.

Sam Bankman-Fried's family on sentencing: We are heartbroken and will continue to fight for our son

Manhattan U.S. Attorney Damian Williams said in a statement after the sentencing on Thursday that Bankman-Fried’s “deliberate and ongoing lies demonstrated a brazen disregard for his customers’ expectations and disrespect for the rule of law, all so that he could secretly use his customers’ money to expand his own power and influence.”

Ellison, who ran FTX’s sister hedge fund Alameda Research, pleaded guilty to two counts of wire fraud, two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, conspiracy to commit commodities fraud, conspiracy to commit securities fraud and conspiracy to commit money laundering.

Though Ellison faces similar sentencing guidelines to Bankman-Fried, she’s expected to receive a far more lenient sentence due to her role as a cooperating witness.

Caroline Ellison is questioned as Sam Bankman-Fried watches during his fraud trial before U.S. District Judge Lewis Kaplan over the collapse of FTX, the bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange, at Federal Court in New York City, October 11, 2023 in this courtroom sketch.

Jane Rosenberg | Reuters

Ellison’s complicated ties to SBF

Ellison jumped into Bankman-Fried’s crypto orbit in 2017.

She’d been working as a trader at Jane Street, where Bankman-Fried got his start in finance. Bankman-Fried had reportedly convinced the Stanford graduate to ditch her Wall Street gig and join Alameda, when the hedge fund was still in its original Bay Area office.

Ellison spent years as Bankman-Fried’s on-again, off-again girlfriend and, at times, his roommate. She followed Bankman-Fried from California to Hong Kong and ultimately to the Bahamas, as Bankman-Fried repeatedly shifted headquarters for his crypto companies.

Michael Lewis wrote about Ellison in his book, “Going Infinite,” which covered Bankman-Fried’s rise and fall. In 2021, Ellison was promoted to CEO of Alameda, a job for which, according to Lewis’s reporting, neither Ellison nor Bankman-Fried found her particularly well suited.

“Caroline sensed that, even as Sam promoted her to CEO of Alameda Research, he disapproved of her job performance — and she shared his opinion,” Lewis wrote.

Lewis shared an excerpt from one of the memos that Ellison had sent Bankman-Fried. “It feels like I’m doing a much worse job managing Alameda than you would if you were working on it full-time,” she wrote.

In April 2021, Ellison tweeted about “regular amphetamine use” in a thread that also talked about the “herculean” effort it took for her to get off of her couch and go for a hike.  

Court filings show that Ellison’s compensation paled in comparison to other top executives. Of the $3.2 billion in payouts to the exchange’s founders and other senior employees, FTX’s head of engineering, Nishad Singh, received $587 million, co-founder Gary Wang got $246 million and $2.2 billion went to Bankman-Fried. Ellison received $6 million.

Sam Bankman-Fried faces up to 50 years in prison at sentencing hearing

Some of Ellison’s private diary entries were leaked by Bankman-Fried to The New York Times, which published a report about them last July, months before the trial. The act ultimately landed Bankman-Fried back in jail after Kaplan revoked his bail for alleged witness tampering.

In a Google document from February 2022 shared with the Times, Ellison wrote, “I have been feeling pretty unhappy and overwhelmed with my job. … At the end of the day I can’t wait to go home and turn off my phone and have a drink and get away from it all.”

She added, “It doesn’t really feel like there’s an end in sight.”

‘Trying to fix problems’

But it was in the courtroom that jurors got to hear Ellison for the first time.

U.S. Attorney Thane Rehn said during the trial that Bankman-Fried “was using her as a front” when “in reality, he was still calling the shots at Alameda.” Over the course of her multi-day testimony, Ellison helped prosecutors build a narrative that she was acting at the direction of Bankman-Fried in helping him steal customer money from FTX and using it to help prop up Alameda, which was suffering in the wake of the crypto winter.

Ellison said Bankman-Fried was still CEO of Alameda when the funneling of money began. She said she was under the impression that it was FTX customer money because the sums exceeded the exchange’s profits and the amount of capital it had raised.

In mid-2021, when FTX bought equity in the company back from rival exchange and early investor Binance, FTX used $1 billion in customer funds for the transaction, Ellison testified.

Ellison said she considered resigning from Alameda at various points from 2019 to November 2022.

On one of her Google Docs, Ellison had a section entitled “limiting factors in scaling,” which she said referred to things that were holding back Alameda. The first thing she listed was management, including a comment on her former co-CEO Sam Trabucco.

“I feel like neither Trabucco nor I has been doing a great job of pushing on stuff,” she wrote. “We’re in the mode of maintaining status quo and trying to fix problems.”

In terms of the commingling of operations between FTX and Alameda, Ellison admitted on the witness stand that the two firms didn’t have a proper “Chinese wall” separating the businesses.

During her testimony, Ellison mostly avoided eye contact with Bankman-Fried, staring down at her hands between questions and frequently flipping her hair over her left shoulder. Bankman-Fried also often looked away, with hands clenched.

Ellison told the jury that her breakup with Bankman-Fried in the spring of 2022 affected communications between the two of them. They would talk mostly over Signal despite living in the same apartment, and they largely avoided each other outside of work.

Danielle Sassoon, the assistant U.S. attorney representing the government, told Kaplan several times “the defendant has laughed, visibly shaken his head, and scoffed,” which she said could be having an effect on Ellison “given the history of this relationship, the prior attempts to intimidate her, the power dynamic, their romantic relationship.”

Caroline Ellison, former chief executive officer of Alameda Research LLC, arrives to court in New York, US, on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2023.

Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Secret recordings and texts

Of the hundreds of items entered into evidence during the trial, a bank of messages on encrypted app Signal was among the most calamitous for Bankman-Fried.

The government presented a series of Signal exchanges involving Bankman-Fried, Ellison, Wang and other top execs. In one such exchange, from Nov. 8, 2022, Ellison appealed to Bankman-Fried and other members of the inner circle, asking for help on optics and public messaging.

Prosecutors relied heavily on text messages sent among FTX and Alameda Research executives in the case against Sam Bankman-Fried.

Source: SDNY

She wrote, “multiple people internally asking me whether they should continue to make statements to external parties like ‘Alameda is solvent.’ should i suggest they stall instead? just stall on responding to their messages? or what?”

That day, FTX issued a pause on all customer withdrawals.

The following day, Ellison again looked to the group for guidance about how to handle an all-hands meeting for Alameda’s roughly 30 employees.

Ellison’s proposal was to tell them, “Alameda is probably going to wind down” and that there was “no pressure” to stay but help with “stuff like making sure our lenders get paid” would be “super appreciated.”

Bankman-Fried suggested she say something about there “being a future of some sort for those who are excited.”

Prosecutors relied heavily on text messages sent among FTX and Alameda Research executives in the case against Sam Bankman-Fried.

Source: SDNY

Ellison ended up divulging a lot more than that in the staff meeting, a secret recording of which was played for the jury.

“Alameda borrowed a bunch of money,” which it used to make investments, Ellison said at the meeting. But as crypto prices fell, “FTX had a shortfall of user funds” and then “users started withdrawing their funds” and they “realized they would not be able to continue.”

When she was asked by a staffer whose idea it was to plug Alameda’s loan losses with FTX customer money, she said, “Um, Sam, I guess,” and giggled.

“FTX basically always allowed Alameda to, like, borrow user funds, as far as I know,” Ellison said.

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FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried sentenced to 25 years in prison for massive crypto fraud

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BYD is offering free car insurance on select EVs in new end-of-year sales promo

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BYD is offering free car insurance on select EVs in new end-of-year sales promo

China’s EV leader wants to close the year strong with a new sales promotion. BYD is now offering free car insurance on certain EVs ahead of the upcoming Chinese New Year. Will it be enough to take the global EV sales crown in 2024?

BYD offers free insurance on some EVs to boost sales

With a record 506,804 NEVs (EV and PHEV models) sold in November, BYD has now had two straight months with over 500,000 in vehicle sales.

The EV giant has no plans to slow down. On Thursday, BYD announced its latest “New Year GO New Car” sales promotion on its Weibo page.

From today, December 26, 2024, through January 26, 2025, BYD is offering free car insurance on select PHEVs and EVs in its Ocean and Dynasy lineups. The promo includes several top-selling EVs, including the Dolphin, Seal, and Sea Lion 07.

Through the first 11 months of 2024, BYD sold nearly 3.76 million NEVs, including 1.56 million all-electric models. The promo comes as BYD is in a tight race with Tesla for the global EV sales crown for 2024.

BYD-free-insurance-EVs
BYD is giving free car insurance for select EVs in a new year-end promo (Source: BYD)

Through September, Tesla delivered 1.3 million EVs compared to BYD’s 1.17 million. Since Tesla doesn’t report monthly sales numbers, we will have to wait until the end-of-year numbers come out to determine who will take the EV sales crown in 2024.

BYD-Seagull-cheapest-EV
BYD Seagull (Source: BYD)

The Seagull EV, BYD’s cheapest electric car starting under $10,000, was once again China’s best-selling vehicle last month after topping the Tesla Model Y. BYD sold 56,156 Seagull EVs last month alone in China.

Although the global EV sales race between BYD and Tesla is heating up into the end of the year, the Chinese EV leader is quickly outselling some of the largest global automakers.

BYD sold more vehicles globally than Nissan and Honda in the third quarter, and it is now closing in on Ford.

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The rate at which China has rebuilt its car industry is truly staggering

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The rate at which China has rebuilt its car industry is truly staggering

After starting off slow, China’s EV industry has reorganized itself in record time, going from a global laggard to a global leader in about 5 years – showing other countries how it ought to be done.

In 2020, China was still early in its EV transition, lagging behind many other countries and regions. With EVs only consisting of 5.4% of the country’s car market, it lagged behind California and almost all of Europe – even the slower-adopting countries, like Romania. It was only barely ahead of the 4.6% global average that year.

It set a relatively unambitious goal of 50% EV sales by 2035 – and those 50% didn’t even need to be gasoline-free, they could be hybrids or plug-in hybrids which still have a gas engine inside (what China classifies as “New Energy Vehicles” or NEVs). Around that time, both California and Europe were thinking about banning gas car sales by 2035 – and each of those targets probably could have been earlier, too.

Now, with 2025 coming in just a week, China is likely to hit that 2035 target ten years early – closer to the year that it set the target than the year that the target was set for. It even moved its target forward to 45% NEVs by 2027 this January… and exceeded that target within less than a year.

It’s an indication of how much China is able to do when they put their minds to it – and how other countries have completely failed to keep up due to bickering and resistance from companies or governments being hostile to better technology.

The rapid rise in Chinese EVs

2020 was a turning point for the Chinese EV industry. China responded strongly to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (and as a result, had a lower death rate than almost any country, despite life within China being relatively normal after initial lockdowns), which meant a large drop in vehicle sales in the country (much like the rest of the world).

But when sales recovered, China’s eyes had turned inwards. Not only had domestic EV makers started to ramp up production rates and quality (after a decade of smart industrial policy focusing on mineral supply and encouraging domestic manufacturers), but the rest of the world had spent years blaming China for all sorts of ills (like carbon emissions, which China was criticized for not doing enough about, and now is criticized for doing too much). Technology blockades and discussions about tariffs led to consumer nationalism, with Chinese consumers expressing interest in domestic goods more than they had before.

This, coupled with new emissions rules that the rest of the world’s automakers hadn’t prepared properly for (despite having 7 years notice) led to a glut in gas car supply – mostly from foreign brands – which we called the “canary in the coal mine” for where the global ICE car market was going.

Chinese auto dealers could have responded to this by asking the government to reverse the rules, but instead they asked for (and were granted) a six month amnesty in order to clear unsold cars off of their lots, and otherwise demanded that auto manufacturers shape up and build EVs faster.

As a result of this mentality, China became the top global exporter of automobiles this year – a title that Japan had for decades.

Meanwhile, the West drags its feet

It’s a stark difference to how automakers and governments usually behave in the West (and in Japan), working to slow down transitions and add protectionist measures instead of gearing up for an inevitable change in the industry that already started.

And the regressive portions of Western governments are all too happy to oblige, with for example the US republicans promising to hold the US auto industry back even further, ensuring it isn’t ready for the present, and their far-right ilk in European governments arguing for similar measures.

President Biden’s administration did do its part to try to turn US industrial policy around to be ready for EVs with the excellent Inflation Reduction Act, which brought hundreds of billions in investment and hundreds of thousands of EV jobs to the US. Biden’s EPA and DOT also improved several emissions rules (despite softening them somewhat after industry pressure) to move the industry forward. But it also implemented large tariffs, which could help to breed complacency.

But unfortunately for America, the next occupant of the White House is convicted felon Donald Trump, who finally received more votes than his opponent on his third attempt (despite committing treason in 2021, for which there is a clear legal remedy), with less than half of the country voting to ensure that US manufacturing fall further behind.

In his last stint squatting in the White House, the EPA knowingly worked against clean air and instead of preparing the US to lead the EV transition, it focused on petty losing squabbles with states that are actually trying to move the US forward. We could have had smarter industrial policy, like China, but instead government worked to shatter the regulatory certainty that President Obama had helped to lay out.

Luckily, most Western auto manufacturers may have learned their lessons, and this time they’re finally asking government not to blow up emissions rules. They recently donated money to the famous narcissist, presumably hoping to get in his ear – we’ll have to wait and see whether what they say is actually geared towards the future (and whether the ignoramus they’re saying it to is even able to comprehend it). Though that could all be for naught, because one of Mr. Trump’s closest allies is Elon Musk, CEO of the largest EV maker in the US, who has confusingly focused his advocacy on harming EVs.

Change is coming faster than you think

China’s rapid rise in EV sales, meeting targets well ahead of schedule, may seem anomalous at first blush. It’s not often that a target gets met in one third of the time allotted for it, especially when you’re dealing with a country of 1.5 billion people. That’s a lot of inertia to turn around.

But there are other examples of targets getting met and exceeded early, and companies and governments need to be aware of these and maintain flexibility instead of fighting in the face of positive change.

Norway is one example, where the country was already far ahead of the international community, and set a target to end gas car sales by 2025. While there are still a trickle of non-EVs sold in the country, Norway’s market was already over 90% electrified in 2021.

This is not uncommon with technology adoption curves, as once a technology reaches a critical mass, most consumers consider it the default and will switch to it without much issue. That critical mass has already been met in most Northern European countries and in China, but other places could get there fast.

Once they do, who do you think will come out for the better – the countries and companies whose manufacturing base is ready to supply products that fuel that change, or the ones that have spent decades bickering and trying to slow it down so they can continue spewing poison in all of our lungs?

And as I’ve ended several articles in recent years: we should have been doing more earlier, but as the famous (possibly Chinese) proverb says, “the best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time is today.”


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Kia’s new Syros SUV is going electric as a low-cost Hyundai Inster EV twin

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Kia's new Syros SUV is going electric as a low-cost Hyundai Inster EV twin

Kia introduced its new Syros SUV last week. Although it was launched with a gas-powered engine, Kia plans to launch the all-electric version soon. The new Kia Syros EV will share underpinnings with the Hyundai Inster EV as its latest low-cost electric model.

What we know about the upcoming Kia Syros EV

India’s EV market is expected to surge over the next few years. In 2024, the India EV market is projected to be valued at around $24 billion. That number is expected to reach nearly $118 billion by 2032.

Kia is looking to take advantage of the transition. After launching its first vehicle (Seltos) in India in 2019, Kia is already one of the top 10 auto manufacturers in the region.

The Korean auto giant has added several models to its lineup, including the Sonet, Carnival, Caren, and electric EV6 and EV9 SUVs.

Just last week, the Kia Syros made its global debut. Kia calls the compact SUV “revolutionary,” but there’s one problem: it only has two gas-powered engine options. That will soon change. According to Autocar India, Kia will launch the Syros EV in India in early 2025.

Kia-Syros-EV
Kia Syros SUV (Source: Kia)

Although no other details were confirmed, the Kia Syros EV will share its K1 platform with the Hyundai Inster EV. Hyundai’s compact electric crossover has two battery options, 42 kWh and 49 kWh, good for 300 km (186 mi) to 355 km (220 mi) range on the WLTP cycle.

In Europe, the Inster EV starts at around $30,000. In Korea, the electric crossover is known as the Casper Electric, and prices, including incentives, start around $20,000.

Hyundai-Casper-EV-Cross
Hyundai Casper Electric (Inster EV) models (Source: Hyundai)

Kia’s new electric SUV is expected to start in the price range of Rs 15 lakh-20 lakh (ex-showroom), or around $17,500 to $23,500.

Despite the difference in powertrain, the electric version is expected to have the same styling and features as the gas-powered models. Kia expects between 50,000 and 60,000 in sales between the upcoming electric Carens and Syros EV models by 2026.

The company is launching a series of more affordable, mass-market EVs globally, including the EV3, EV4, and EV5, to secure its spot in the industry as it shifts to electric vehicles.

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