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A 24-year-old woman died from long-term complications stemming from her use of nitrous oxide and immobility, a coroner has ruled.

Ellen Mercer died from a pulmonary embolism after inhaling two to three “big bottles” of the substance each day, an inquest heard.

“This case has highlighted how hugely dangerous it is to use nitrous oxide,” senior coroner Heidi Connor said.

Explained: What is nitrous oxide?

Describing the student’s death as “such a sad waste of a young woman’s life,” the coroner added her use of the drug had been a “significant cause of her immobility and developing clots.”

The inquest heard a post-mortem examination report found Ms Mercer’s death to have been caused by bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and “long-term complications of nitrous oxide use”.

She was said to have spent the previous two weeks unable to leave her bed because of her abuse of the substance.

Ms Mercer died in February last year after being admitted to hospital with a blister caused by a laughing gas canister stuck to her leg.

She had become a habitual user of nitrous oxide and medics who tried to save her reportedly found “features of neurological compromise”.

Subsequent tests showed nitrous oxide inhalation had resulted in Ms Mercer developing serious circulation and breathing problems.

Her fiance Tom Bailey told Sky News his bubbly, kind and caring partner would get through three to four canisters in one sitting.

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Ellen Mercer, who died aged 24 after becoming a habitual nitrous oxide user, with fiancé  Tom Bailey
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Mr Bailey has described how his partner was getting through three to four canisters a day

“Her reactions became slower and her face would show discolouring,” he said. “And then it was all a build-up due to the burns… then she was unable to walk, so then she was unable to go to the toilet.”

Mr Bailey added that his fiancee would “sit there and do all of [the laughing gas] in one go.”

“It got to the point where she couldn’t put it down,” he said. “She’d have to finish it and then she’d want more.

“If she didn’t have it, she wouldn’t be happy without it.”

Ellen Mercer, who died aged 24 after becoming a habitual nitrous oxide user. Pic: Tom Bailey
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Ellen Mercer died aged 24

An ‘extremely serious social problem’

Nitrous oxide itself is not addictive, addiction specialist Chip Somers told Sky News.

He explained: “Psychologically and emotionally, it could certainly have an addictive trait to it. But you’re not going to suffer withdrawal symptoms of a physical nature if you were to suddenly stop taking it.”

Mr Somers is calling for better help for habitual users of the drug. He said: “We should be taking the use of nitrous oxide extremely seriously as a social problem.”

Ellen Mercer, who died aged 24 after becoming a habitual nitrous oxide user, with fiancé  Tom Bailey
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Mr Bailey has spoken out to raise awareness of how dangerous nitrous oxide can be


Mr Somers works with people who have stopped using nitrous oxide and said those clients are “not problematic in terms of the physical withdrawal”.

“But they are problematic as they’re then left with all the unhappiness and dysfunction that probably made them start using something quite mind-altering in the first place,” Mr Somers added.

The government last year banned the recreational use of nitrous oxide and dealers can now face up to 14 years in prison. At the time of the student’s death possession of laughing gas with the intent of getting high was not illegal.

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Mr Bailey said he is in favour of criminalising users and has spoken out after his fiancee’s death to warn others of the drug’s severe consequences.

But Mr Somers says he does not think criminalising “is the way to go”.

“These people are not criminals,” he said. “They are people who need help and criminalising them and punitive fines and maybe even imprisonment is not going to actually solve the problem.”

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UK has no plans for conscription – but future decisions will respond to ‘new reality’, says minister

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UK has no plans for conscription - but future decisions will respond to 'new reality', says minister

The UK is not considering introducing conscription to ready the country for a potential war – but decisions may be needed in the future to respond to the “new reality” we are now living in, a minister has told Sky News.

In an interview with Trevor Phillips, Latvian President Edgars Rinkeviks has urged European countries to follow his country’s lead and “absolutely” introduce conscription, conceding the continent is “quite weak” militarily.

Politics latest: Calls for European nations to reintroduce conscription

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‘Debate’ in Latvia about introducing conscription for women

Asked if the UK government is considering introducing the measure to boost the armed forces, Cabinet Office minister Pat McFadden said it is important the UK does not find itself operating under “old assumptions” – and that it may be “decisions are needed in the future that respond to a new reality”.

He told Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips: “We are not considering conscription, but of course we have announced a major increase in defence expenditure.

“We do have to recognise that the world has changed. The phrase ‘step up’ is used a lot. Europe does have to step up in terms of its own defence.

President Trump isn’t actually the first president to say that, but he said it more loudly and with more force than his predecessors – so, I think we have got to recognise that moment.”

‘UK cannot cling to old assumptions’

He added: “When the world is changing as fast as it is, it’s important that we don’t cling on to old assumptions.

“I think the prime minister has played a tremendous role in recent weeks in responding to that situation and explaining it to the public.

“That is why the decision on increasing defence expenditure was needed.

“It may be why other decisions are needed in the future that respond to a new reality, and that we don’t find ourselves caught operating under the same assumption as we used to in the past when the situation has changed.”

‘Battlefield is changing’

Sir Keir Starmer has promised to increase defence spending to 2.5% of GDP but has not set out when this will be achieved. Ministers say a defence review to be published this spring will set out a “roadmap” to it.

The number is much lower than the US president has demanded NATO members spend on defence, with Mr Trump saying they should all be spending 5% – an amount last seen during the Cold War.

Asked if the “new reality” involved a bigger army, Mr McFadden said ministers were waiting for the conclusion of the review.

But he added: “One thing is for sure, you would not spend money today on the same things as you would 10 years ago.

“The experience of the three years of the war in Ukraine has shown just how fast the battlefield is changing in terms of cyber, drones, the use of intelligence.”

History of conscription in UK

In the UK, military conscription has existed for two periods in modern times.

The first was from 1916 to 1920 following the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, due to the dwindling number of volunteers for military service.

Lord Kitchener’s campaign – promoted by his famous “Your Country Needs You” poster – had encouraged more than one million men to enlist by January 1915. But this was not enough.

In January 1916, after much debate, the Military Service Act was passed. This imposed conscription on all single men aged between 18 and 41, but exempted the medically unfit, clergymen, teachers and certain classes of industrial worker.

Conscientious objectors – men who objected to fighting on moral grounds – were also exempt, and were given civilian jobs or non-fighting roles at the front.

Conscription was not applied to Ireland because of the 1916 Easter Rising, although many Irishmen volunteered to fight.

A second Act passed in May 1916 extended conscription to married men, and in 1918, during the last months of the war, the age limit was raised to 51.

Conscription was extended until 1920 to allow the army to deal with continuing trouble spots in the Empire and parts of Europe.

In the run-up to the Second World War, plans for limited conscription applying to single men aged between 20 and 22 were given parliamentary approval in the Military Training Act in May 1939. This required men to undertake six months’ military training.

When Britain declared war against Germany on 3 September 1939, the National Service (Armed Forces) Act imposed conscription on all males aged between 18 and 41.

Those medically unfit were exempt, as were others in key industries and jobs such as baking, farming, medicine, and engineering, while conscientious objectors had to appear before a tribunal to argue their reasons for refusing to join up.

In December 1941, a second National Service Act was approved, making all unmarried women and all childless widows between the ages of 20 and 30 liable to call-up.

The last conscription term ended in 1960, although many soldiers chose to continue in the service beyond 1963.

The Conservatives’ first policy announcement of last year’s general election campaign was that the party would introduce a new form of mandatory National Service for 18-year-olds.

Asked if the Tories still stood by the plan which was in their manifesto, shadow home secretary Chris Philp told Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips: “We are obviously not going to write our manifesto now, so I am not going to recommit to things in the previous manifesto.

“We’ll need to do the thinking properly. I am not going to speculate four years ahead of the election.

“I don’t think it was really exactly conscription that was being proposed, it was a National Citizen Service which is a bit different.

“The idea of getting younger people to do voluntary work and perform useful tasks is not a bad idea.”

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‘Right time’ to think about conscription

Last year, Britain’s former top NATO commander told Sky News it was time to “think the unthinkable” and consider introducing conscription.

General Sir Richard Sherriff, ex-deputy supreme allied commander of the military organisation, said: “I think we need to get over many of the cultural hang-ups and assumptions, and frankly think the unthinkable.

“I think we need to go further and look carefully at conscription.”

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Police recover body in search for suspect in Valentine’s Day pub shooting

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Police recover body in search for suspect in Valentine's Day pub shooting

Police searching for the suspect in the Kent pub shooting on Valentine’s Day have recovered a body from the River Thames.

Lisa Smith, 43, was killed after she was shot outside The Three Horseshoes in Knockholt on the evening of Friday 14 February.

Later that night, the suspect, named as Edvard Smith, was believed to have fallen into the Thames from the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge which crosses the river at Dartford 17 miles away.

Lisa Smith
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Lisa Smith

Around that time, the suspect’s car containing a handgun was found abandoned on the bridge and a man was seen on the wrong side of the barrier.

About a week after the shooting, Kent Police said they believed Edvard Smith had died after falling into the water.

The force has now said a body was found in the Thames near Rainham in Essex on Friday afternoon. It has not been formally identified but the suspect’s family have been told of the development.

Edvard Smith was known to Ms Smith and there had been no prior contact between the police and the victim or suspect.

‘So much commotion’

Following the shooting, the landlady of The Three Horseshoes, Michelle Thomas, told Sky News she heard two loud bangs that she initially “thought were fireworks” on the night of the attack.

She said there was “so much commotion – screaming, shouting, crying” and the shooting had left the community in “absolute shock”.

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CCTV captures sound of gunshots near fatal shooting site

She said Ms Smith, from Slough, had been to the pub before, “mostly in the summer” but “wasn’t a regular”.

Ms Thomas also said about 30 people were at the pub for dinner, while 20 more were in the bar as the incident unfolded just after 7pm.

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Kent Police said on Saturday: “A body has been recovered by police from the River Thames, which is being linked to a murder investigation in Knockholt.

“On Friday 14 February 2025, Lisa Smith, 43, was killed after she was shot outside a pub in Main Road. The suspect was known to Lisa and later that evening officers found his car abandoned on the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge. Enquiries established he had fallen into the water below.

“At around 3.45pm on Friday 7 March, a body was located near Rainham, Essex. Formal identification has not yet taken place; however, the man’s family have been informed.”

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UK weather: Warm weekend brings 20C temperatures – hotter than Spain and Italy

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UK weather: Warm weekend brings 20C temperatures - hotter than Spain and Italy

Parts of the UK are expected to be hotter than the Balearic Islands, Costa del Sol and the Amalfi Coast this weekend.

The country is set to reach the highest temperatures of the year so far, with central England heating up to 20C on Sunday.

Saturday is also set to reach temperatures in the high teens, with East Anglia, northwest England, the north Midlands and North Wales hitting 18-19C, the Met Office said.

Those temperatures are believed to be above average for this time of year.

Get the latest forecast for your area here

Craig Snell, a meteorologist at the Met Office, said there are a “few exceptions” to the “fine and sunny” weekend weather, including areas in the far north of Scotland, but those areas will still be generally dry and sunny.

A map showing warm weather over the UK on Saturday
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A map showing warm fronts over the UK on Saturday

Meanwhile, popular holiday destinations in Europe are expected to record cooler temperatures.

A high of 15C is forecast this weekend for Marbella on the south coast of Spain, a maximum of 17C is expected in Ibiza, and 18C is forecast for Sorrento on Italy’s Amalfi Coast.

People enjoy the warm weather at Clevedon Marine Lake in Clevedon. Parts of the UK are expected to be warmer this weekend than holiday hotspots including the Balearic islands, Costa del Sol and the Amalfi Coast. Picture date: Saturday March 8, 2025. PA Photo. Photo credit should read: Ben Birchall/PA Wire
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People were out in force on Saturday, enjoying the warmer weather. Pic: PA

Joggers run along the sea front in Southend-on-Sea, Essex.
Pic: PA
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Joggers run along the sea front in Southend-on-Sea, Essex.
Pic: PA

Sky News meteorologist Chris England said the warm weekend is not expected to last, with conditions “cooling off from the North on Sunday night and through Monday”.

Colder fronts will start to move across the UK on Monday
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Colder fronts will start to move across the UK on Monday

By Wednesday the UK will experience colder temperatures
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By Wednesday the UK will experience wintry showers and cold temperatures

A spell of rain will move south across the country early next week, bringing the return of a few wintry showers in the North and North East.

“While there is uncertainty in the extent of rain and wintry showers through the middle of next week, there is higher confidence that below average temperatures will continue through the week, bringing a very different feel to the mild weather over the weekend,” deputy chief meteorologist Chris Bulmer said.

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Temperatures will drop back below average across the UK from Tuesday, according to the Met Office.

Rural spots in Scotland could plummet as low as -4C, with maximum daytime temperatures typically between 5-8C.

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