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A recent breakthrough in spintronic technology has demonstrated how phase-tunable synchronisation can be achieved in spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs). These nanoscale devices generate high-frequency microwave signals by converting direct current into spin wave auto-oscillations. The ability to control synchronisation between SHNOs is expected to improve applications in telecommunications, neuromorphic computing, and optimisation hardware. The study, conducted by researchers at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and Tohoku University in Japan, highlights the role of propagating spin waves in enabling phase information transfer between SHNOs.
Phase Control Through Spin Waves
According to the study published in Nature Physics, experimental evidence has confirmed that spin-wave-mediated mutual synchronisation between SHNOs is possible. Unlike earlier systems that relied on nearest-neighbor interactions, the use of propagating spin waves has allowed long-range, one-to-one coupling. Akash Kumar, the first author of the study, explained to Phys.org that this research was motivated by previous findings on propagating spin waves in SHNOs. The team utilised optimised thin-film materials, specifically W/CoFeB/MgO, to facilitate this coupling.
Experimental Validation and Potential Applications
The study’s findings were supported by electrical measurements and advanced microscopy techniques. High-frequency spectrum analysers were used to detect phase-tuned synchronisation, while phase-resolved Brillouin light scattering (μ-BLS) microscopy provided direct visualisation of oscillator phase alignment. Victor H. González, a graduate student and co-author of the study, confirmed the results through micromagnetic simulations. Kumar stated that the ability to transfer phase information between SHNOs has significant implications for Ising machines, which are used for combinatorial optimisation tasks. Future research will focus on scaling the system and incorporating voltage gating to enhance control and energy efficiency in spintronic devices.
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Japan successfully launched a navigation satellite on Sunday, marking the country’s first space mission of 2025. The H3 rocket lifted off from Tanegashima Space Center at 3:30 a.m. EST carrying the Michibiki 6 satellite. The launch vehicle, developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, placed the 4,900-kilogram spacecraft into a geostationary transfer orbit 29 minutes after liftoff. The satellite is set to enhance Japan’s Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), which has been operational since November 2018.
Michibiki 6 to Strengthen Japan’s Navigation System
According to space.com, Michibiki 6 is expected to improve satellite-based navigation services in Japan and nearby regions. As said in a statement by Japan officials, the QZSS, designed to work alongside the United States’ Global Positioning System (GPS), enhances positioning accuracy, particularly in urban and mountainous areas where GPS signals may be obstructed. The system’s expansion aims to provide better location services across Asia-Oceania, reinforcing Japan’s capabilities in satellite positioning.
H3 Rocket Gains Momentum After Initial Failure
The H3 rocket used for this mission is Japan’s next-generation launch vehicle, intended to replace the aging H-2A series. This was the fifth flight of the H3, which initially failed during its maiden launch in March 2023, resulting in the loss of an Earth observation satellite. Since then, all subsequent missions have been completed without issue.
Japan’s Expanding Space Initiatives
Japan has been steadily advancing its space program, focusing on satellite navigation, communications, and deep-space exploration. Future launches are expected to strengthen the nation’s technological presence in space, with plans to expand collaborations in both commercial and scientific ventures.
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A newly identified fungus that infects and manipulates spiders has been discovered in Northern Ireland. Found in a former Victorian gunpowder store on the grounds of a ruined Irish castle, this fungus takes control of cave spiders, leading them out of their usual hiding spots before killing them and using their bodies to release spores. The fungus, which resembles the species known to infect ants, was first observed during the filming of a nature documentary in 2021. Scientists later confirmed it as an entirely new species.
Named in Honour of Sir David Attenborough
According to a study published in Fungal Systematics and Evolution, the fungus has been named Gibellula attenboroughiiin recognition of British naturalist Sir David Attenborough. It was initially found on a dead orb-weaving cave spider, a species that typically resides in caves and dark man-made structures like cellars and old storerooms. Following this initial discovery, more infected spiders were located in caves across Ireland. The infected spiders were observed in open spaces rather than concealed within their usual lairs, suggesting that the fungus influences their behaviour before killing them.
How the Fungus Infects and Controls Spiders
Study lead author Harry Evans, an emeritus fellow at the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI), explained to Live Science that the fungus penetrates the spider’s body, infecting its hemocoel—the cavity containing its blood-like fluid. Once inside, it secretes toxins to kill the host before producing antibiotics that preserve the corpse. When conditions such as humidity levels are suitable, the fungus grows structures on the spider’s body to release spores into the air.
Potential for Medicinal Applications
Beyond its ability to manipulate spiders, the fungus is being studied for potential medicinal properties. Evans noted that its antibiotic-producing capabilities could lead to new medical discoveries. Scientists have extracted its DNA to confirm that it is a previously unidentified species. While it has only been found in Ireland so far, researchers suspect that similar fungi may exist in other regions, including Wales.
Hidden Diversity of Parasitic Fungi
The study highlighted the likelihood of many more undiscovered fungal species, particularly parasitic ones. Researchers estimate that the fungal kingdom could contain up to 20 million species, with only a small fraction currently identified. Initially, the new species was to be named Gibellula bangbangus, referencing the gunpowder store where it was first found, but the decision was later made to name it after Attenborough instead.
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