Earth has been rocked by the first extreme geomagnetic storm in two decades, creating a spectacular light show in UK skies and other parts of the Northern Hemisphere – but also posing a threat to communication networks, navigation systems and power grids.
Elon Musk’s Starlink, which owns around 60% of the estimated 7,500 satellites currently in orbit, providing internet coverage around the world, has warned of a “degraded service” as a result of the phenomena.
Image: Edinburgh. Pic: PA
It was the first G5 or strongest rated geomagnetic storm since 2003, which caused blackouts in Sweden and damaged transformers in South Africa.
So what caused the extreme geomagnetic storm?
A series of strong solar flares spewed from the Sun’s surface have sent a shockwave of magnetically charged plasma directly at the Earth, known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
The resulting collision has caused a major disturbance to our own planet’s magnetic field.
Does it pose a threat?
As well as producing extended vivid displays of colour across the skies in places the aurora borealis or Northern Lights cannot usually be seen, as witnessed in southern England, severe solar storms can also disrupt everyday communication and navigation systems.
The Sun’s energy has a direct impact on the Earth’s ionosphere, where the planet’s atmosphere meets space.
Changing conditions can affect satellites by increasing drag, while radio and GPS signals that travel through this layer of the atmosphere or rely on bouncing off it can also be disrupted.
Severe solar storms can also create harmful geomagnetic induced currents in the power grid, leading to blackouts.
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Northern Lights from around the world
The largest known geomagnetic event in history, known as the Carrington Event of 1859, caused telegraph machines to spark and catch fire.
How likely is it we will see the Northern Lights above the UK tonight?
Sky News weather presenter Kirsty McCabe, says: “There is a chance – but it’s not as likely as last night so unlikely to be as bright or seen as far south.
“America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) classed Friday night’s solar storm as an extreme G5 – the highest level and first observed since 2003.
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“Saturday night will probably be more like a strong G3.
“You might not be able to see it with the naked eye but use a long exposure on your camera phone and you may be pleasantly surprised. Remember to look north.”
What could prevent it from being seen again?
Image: Crosby Beach, Liverpool. Pic: PA
McCabe says: “You might not be in the right place, northern parts of the UK have a better chance than those further south.
“Plus, light pollution from cities could also spoil your view.
“And of course, the weather needs to play its part – if the skies aren’t clear you won’t see the aurora.
“For many places the weather conditions are looking good, plus it is mild overnight.”
Where is it most likely and between what times?
Image: Whitley Bay. Pic: PA
McCabe says: “The best time to spot them is between 10pm and 2am, so you’ll need to wait until it’s dark.
“Keep an eye on social media for any sightings near you and on UK aurora watch sites.
“The Northern Lights are most likely across Scotland, but as with last night, it is possible to see them further south if the solar activity is strong enough.
The Home Office appealed after a court granted the group’s co-founder a judicial review and said the ban disproportionately interfered with freedom of speech and assembly.
Image: A woman is led away by police during Palestine Action protest on 6 September. Pic: PA
It said the government should also have consulted the group first.
The judicial review of the banwas scheduledto begin on 25 November and Friday’s Court of Appeal decision means it can still go ahead.
Palestine Action called it a “landmark victory” and said co-founder Huda Ammori had also been granted permission to appeal on two further grounds.
Reacting after the court’s decision, Ms Ammori called the ban “absurdly authoritarian” and “one of the most extreme attacks on civil liberties in recent British history”.
She said 2,000 people had been arrested since it was outlawed and arresting “peaceful protesters” under the Terrorism Act was a misuse of resources.
The group’s vandalising of aircraft at Brize Norton in June – with two activists reportedly entering on electric scooters – prompted a security review of UK defence sites.
Multiple rallies for the group have taken place in London since July’s ban, with hundreds detained for showing support.
A protest at the start of this month saw another 492 people arrested despite calls for the event to be scrapped after the Manchester synagogue terror attack.
The King will become the first British monarch to pray publicly with the Pope since the Reformation 500 years ago during a state visit to the Holy See next week.
The King and Queen will meet the new pontiff Pope Leo XIV at the Apostolic Palace, his official residence, next Thursday during their trip to Vatican City.
In a highly significant moment in relations between the Catholic Church and Church of England, of which His Majesty is Supreme Governor, the King and Queen and the Pope will attend a special ecumenical service in the Sistine Chapel celebrating the ongoing work towards unity and cooperation among different Christian churches.
The decision for the King and Pope to pray together during the service will be the first time a monarch and the pontiff have joined together in this type of moment of reflection in the 500 years since the Reformation when, in 1534, King Henry VIII declared himself as head of the Church of England and broke from the papal authority of the Rome Catholic Church.
In another historic step, the King will be made “Royal Confrater” of the Abbey of St Paul’s Outside the Walls.
The abbot of the community and the archpriest of the basilica wished to confer the title and received the Pope’s approval to do so. To mark the occasion a special seat has been made decorated with the King’s coat of arms.
The King will use it during the service, after which it will remain in the apse of the basilica for future use by His Majesty and his heirs and successors.
English Kings had a particular link with The Papal Basilica of St Paul’s Outside the Walls until the Reformation. It is also known as the Papal Basilica where reconciliation, ecumenism and relationships across the Christian faith are celebrated.
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King to pray with Pope
A spokesperson for the Church of England said: “The royal confrater title, whilst it confers no duties or obligations on the King, and makes no changes whatsoever to the formal, constitutional and ecclesiastical position of His Majesty as the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, it is a tribute to his majesty and his own work over many decades to find common ground between faiths and to bring people together.”
The trip comes during the Catholic Church’s 2025 Jubilee year. Held traditionally every 25 years, “Pilgrims of Hope” is the theme of this jubilee.
Image: The King and Queen met the late Pope Francis in April. Pic: Reuters
The visit will also reflect the joint commitment from both Pope Leo and the King to protect nature and their shared concern for the environment. The service at the Sistine Chapel will have the theme of “Care for Creation” and they will attend a meeting on sustainability.
A spokesperson from the Foreign Office said: “At a time of growing instability and conflict, the UK’s relationship with the Holy See is more important than ever. The Holy See is a key international actor.
“We work with the Holy See to promote human dignity, to promote peace and combat climate change… so His Majesty’s visit will strengthen the UK’s relationship with this crucial and influential global partner.”
Only in 1961 did Queen Elizabeth II became the first British monarch since the Reformation to make an official visit to the Holy See.
In April of this year, a royal visit had to be cancelled due to the ill health of Pope Francis, but both the King and Queen did meet him privately while on a trip to Rome. It is understood Pope Leo and the King have been actively engaged in how this reorganised visit will look and the themes it will cover.
Manchester Arena bomb plotter Hashem Abedi has denied attempting to murder prison officers at a maximum security jail.
Abedi, 28, is accused of attacking four prison officers with hot oil and makeshift weapons in a suspected ambush at HMP Frankland in County Durham on 12 April.
He appeared at the Old Bailey by video-link from Belmarsh prison, southeast London, wearing a grey tracksuit.
Sat at a desk in handcuffs, Abedi was surrounded by five prison officers wearing body armour and helmets with face shields.
Abedi pleaded not guilty to three counts of attempted murder, relating to two male prison officers and one female prison officer.
He also denied one charge of assault occasioning actual bodily harm and one count of having unauthorised offensive weapons inside prison.
Three prison officers were taken to hospital with serious injuries after the alleged ambush.
At the time of the incident, the Prison Officers Association said the staff sustained life-threatening injuries including burns, scalds and stab wounds.
During a hearing on Friday, Abedi spoke to confirm his name and date of birth and told the judge Mrs Justice Cheema-Grubb he did not want to be represented at his trial, which is listed to start on 18 January 2027.
Abedi was convicted of assisting with the Manchester terror plot, in which his brother, suicide bomber Salman Abedi, killed 22 people by detonating a homemade rucksack bomb among a crowd of concert-goers.
He was jailed for life with a record-breaking 55-year minimum term in August 2020.