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Persephone Kavallines

Welcome to Disruptor 50 in the age of AI.

A whopping 34 of the 50 companies on our twelfth annual CNBC Disruptor 50 list claim that artificial intelligence is “critical” to their businesses. These include companies in industries ranging from cybersecurity to agriculture. Thirteen of the 2024 Disruptors call themselves “generative AI companies,” including five of the top ten on this year’s list.

These companies are upending the classical definition of disruptive innovation that shaped the creation of the Disruptor 50 list more than a decade ago. Mostly gone from the 2024 list is the idea of a better, cheaper innovation. Instead, achieving disruptive innovation with AI requires massive piles of capital investment, inevitably leading to close partnership with the incumbent giants.

Instead of Amazon disruptor Anthropic (which debuts on the 2024 Disruptor 50 List at No. 7), we have “Amazon-backed Anthropic,” which also received a $2 billion investment from Alphabet and is taking on “Microsoft-backed OpenAI” (No. 1 on the list for the second straight year).

More coverage of the 2024 CNBC Disruptor 50

The venture capital community also has been investing heavy amounts of cash in any startup that can claim it’s part of the AI revolution. More than $90 billion flowed to AI startups in 2023, according to PitchBook. Among the Disruptors, 17 have raised new funds in the past year. That includes 8 of the 13 generative AI startups, which raised a total of at least $5.5 billion combined.

In all, the 2024 Disruptors have raised $70 billion — a comeback from last year’s $54 billion demonstrating the power of AI — at a total implied valuation of $436 billion, the second-highest valuation ever for the list of 2022’s $500 billion.

The willingness of incumbent giants to invest in these private disruptors also means that many of the companies on the 2024 Disruptor 50 list can afford to wait to go public, even as a long-closed IPO window starts to open. We expect the first-time and second-time Disruptors to be in the mix for many lists to come. 

Here’s how we chose them in 2024:  

All private, independently owned startup companies founded after Jan. 1, 2009, were eligible to be nominated for the Disruptor 50 list. Companies nominated were required to submit a detailed analysis, including key quantitative and qualitative information. 

Quantitative metrics included company-submitted data on workforce size and diversity, scalability, and sales and user growth. Some of this information has been kept off the record and was used for scoring purposes only. CNBC also brought in data from a pair of outside partners — PitchBook, which provided data on fundraising, implied valuations and investor quality; and IBISWorld, whose database of industry reports we use to compare the companies based on the industries they are attempting to disrupt. 

CNBC’s Disruptor 50 Advisory Board — a group of 50 leading thinkers in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship from around the world, then ranked the quantitative criteria by importance and ability to disrupt established industries and public companies. This year, the board again found that scalability and user growth were the most important criteria, followed by sales growth and use of breakthrough technologies (including, most commonly, artificial intelligence and machine learning). These categories received the highest weighting, but the ranking model is designed to ensure that companies must score highly on a wide range of criteria to make the final list. 

Companies were also asked to submit important qualitative information, including descriptions of their core business model, ideal customers and recent company milestones. A team of CNBC editorial staff, including TV anchors, reporters and producers, and CNBC.com writers and editors, along with many members of the Advisory Board, read the submissions and provided holistic qualitative assessments of each company. 

New for 2024, CNBC formed a Disruptor 50 VC Advisory Board, in an effort to leverage the valuable expertise of leading venture capital firms and investors. Each member of this new board assessed a small group of finalists as an additional component of the qualitative review. Importantly, these VCs were not permitted to provide an assessment of any company in their firm’s own portfolios.

In the final stage of the process, total qualitative scores were combined with a weighted quantitative score to determine which 50 companies made the list and in what order. 

It’s our twelfth year, but we still see some “firsts” on this year’s list.

OpenAI is the first company to reach No. 1 in consecutive years, and just the second company to top the list more than once (SpaceX, No. 1 in 2014 and 2018, is the other). OpenAI exemplifies what it means to scale quickly and continue to innovate as it grows, and it remains the world’s most influential and powerful venture backed startup.

And this year features the first ten-time Disruptor in Stripe. The No. 1 Disruptor of 2020 has continued to innovate even as its valuation has been slashed while staying out of the IPO market. The tenth time will be the last time, however. Whether it goes public or stays private, Stripe will “age out” of Disruptor eligibility next year.

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CNBC Daily Open: U.S.’ 4-year economic plan, with a Trump twist?

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CNBC Daily Open: U.S.' 4-year economic plan, with a Trump twist?

U.S. President Donald Trump gestures during an announcement regarding his administration’s policies against cartels and human trafficking, from the State Dining Room at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., Oct. 23, 2025.

Jonathan Ernst | Reuters

China on Thursday concluded its “Fourth Plenum,” a meeting aimed at setting out the country’s development agenda for the next five years. Beijing will focus on domestic consumption, self-reliance in technology as well as the agricultural and manufacturing sectors.

In the U.S. economy and markets — generally considered the exemplar of free-market capitalism — the government’s fingerprints have started becoming visible, if you squint a little.

For instance, Intel reported third-quarter revenue that surpassed analysts’ expectations, helping the stock jump 7.7% in extended trading. Intel said demand for its processors appears to be recovering.

But it’s hard to ignore the elephant in the room, that is, the U.S. government’s 10% stake in the company, acquired in August. The company’s stock has seen a massive surge since that acquisition, with President Donald Trump saying the government has made $30 billion to $40 billion on its stake. The transaction, however, complicates Intel’s accounting practices for its income, the company suggested in a press release.

Trump, meanwhile, pardoned Binance founder Changpeng Zhao, the White House said Thursday. Zhao was convicted in April 2024 for enabling money laundering at Binance.

When asked why Trump pardoned Zhao, the president said, “A lot of people say that he wasn’t guilty of anything. And so I gave him a pardon at the request of a lot of very good people.”

The Wall Street Journal reported in August that the Trump family’s crypto venture has been helped by “a partnership with an under-the-radar trading platform quietly administered by Binance.”

Trump’s proclivity for acquiring stakes in U.S. companies and his other dealings raise the question: are we seeing a four-year U.S. economic plan — with a twist — unfold?

What you need to know today

Intel beats revenue expectations. Third-quarter sales came in at $13.65 billion, higher than the $13.14 billion from an LSEG consensus estimate. Intel added that demand for its chips outstripped supply.

Trump pardons Binance founder Changpeng Zhao. The move came two months after The Wall Street Journal reported on the Trump family’s crypto venture, which appeared to have links with a trading platform “administered by Binance.”

China to encourage consumption over the next five years. Top government leaders emphasized the need to “vigorously boost consumption” in the domestic economy, a readout of China’s “Fourth Plenum” meeting said, according to a CNBC translation.

The S&P 500 claws back losses. The index rose 0.58% on Thursday, recovering from Wednesday’s fall. The Stoxx Europe 600 added 0.37%, with shares of Kering popping 8.7% after the luxury conglomerate beat revenue expectations.

[PRO] Time to consider dividend stocks, CIO says. As interest rates come down, in accordance with market expectations, such stocks should get a boost, according to Kevin Simpson, founder and chief investment officer at Capital Wealth Planning.

And finally…

Russian President Vladimir Putin observes the Russia-Belarus joint military exercises, codenamed Zapad-2025 (West-2025), at the Mulino training ground in the Nizhny Novgorod region, Russia September 16, 2025.

Mikhail Metzel | Via Reuters

Stony silence from Moscow after Trump turns on Russia, says talks with Putin ‘don’t go anywhere’

Just days after a “very productive” phone call between U.S. President Donald Trump and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin, Trump changed tack on Wednesday, voicing his frustration with Moscow. “We canceled the meeting with President Putin. It just, it didn’t feel right to meet,” he said Wednesday.

Trump’s comments on Putin were not highlighted by pro-Kremlin state media outlets such as TASSRadio Sputnik and RIA Novosti on Thursday, with barely a mention of the criticism or the canceled meeting.

— Holly Ellyatt

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Applied Materials lays off 4% of workforce

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Applied Materials lays off 4% of workforce

Signage outside Applied Materials headquarters in Santa Clara, California, U.S., on Thursday, May 13, 2021.

David Paul Morris | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Chip equipment manufacturer Applied Materials is laying off 4% of its workforce.

The company on Thursday began notifying impacted employees around the world “across all levels and groups,” it said in a filing. Applied Materials provides equipment, services and software to industries, including the semiconductor industry.

Applied Materials had approximately 36,100 full-time employees, according to an August 2025 filing. A layoff of 4% would represent about 1,444 employees.

“Automation, digitalization and geographic shifts are redefining our workforce needs and skill requirements,” the company wrote in the filing. “With this in mind, we have been focused for some time on building high-velocity, high-productivity teams, adopting new technologies and simplifying organizational structures.”

The move comes at the end of the company’s fiscal year. Earlier this month, the Applied Materials forecasted a $600 million hit to fiscal 2026 revenue after the U.S. expanded its restricted export list. That resulted in company shares to dipping 3% in extended trading.

As a result of the workforce reduction, Applied Materials expects to incur charges of approximately $160 million to $180 million, consisting primarily of severance and other one-time employment termination benefits to be paid in cash, the filing states.

The company said the cuts are a way to position itself “as a more competitive and productive organization.”

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Microsoft AI chief says company won’t build chatbots for erotica

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Microsoft AI chief says company won’t build chatbots for erotica

Mustafa Suleyman CEO and co-founder of Inflection AI speaks during the Axios BFD event in New York City, U.S., October 12, 2023. 

Brendan Mcdermid | Reuters

Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman said the software giant won’t build artificial intelligence services that provide “simulated erotica,” distancing itself from longtime partner OpenAI.

“That’s just not a service we’re going to provide,” Suleyman said on Thursday at the Paley International Council Summit in Menlo Park, California. “Other companies will build that.”

Suleyman’s comments come a week after OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said his company plans to allow verified adults to use ChatGPT for erotica. Altman said that OpenAI is “not the elected moral police of the world.”

Microsoft has for years been a major investor and cloud partner to OpenAI, and the two companies have used their respective strengths to build big AI businesses. But the relationship has shown signs of tension of late, with OpenAI partnering with Microsoft rivals like Google and Oracle, and Microsoft focusing more on its own AI services.

Earlier on Thursday, Microsoft announced a series of new features for its Copilot AI chatbot, including an AI companion called Mico that can respond to users through a call feature and express itself by changing its color.

Suleyman in August penned an essay titled “We must build AI for people; not to be a person.” He argued that tech companies should not build “seemingly conscious” services that can give humans the impression that they may be capable of suffering, and wrote that conscious AIs could create another “axis of division” for humanity.

On Thursday, Suleyman said the creation of seemingly conscious AI is already happening, primarily with erotica-focused services. He referenced Altman’s comments as well as Elon Musk’s Grok, which in July launched its own companion features, including a female anime character.

“You can already see it with some of these avatars and people leaning into the kind of sexbot erotica direction,” Suleyman said. “This is very dangerous, and I think we should be making conscious decisions to avoid those kinds of things.”

OpenAI didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment, while xAI responded saying, “Legacy Media Lies.”

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Why it’s time to take AI-human relationships seriously

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