Inside the protesters’ encampment at UCLA, beneath the glow of hanging flashlights and a deafening backdrop of exploding flash-bangs, OB-GYN resident Elaine Chan suddenly felt like a battlefield medic.

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Police were pushing into the camp after an hours-long standoff. Chan, 31, a medical tent volunteer, said protesters limped in with severe puncture wounds, but there was little hope of getting them to a hospital through the chaos outside. Chan suspects the injuries were caused by rubber bullets or other less lethal projectiles, which police have confirmed were fired at protesters.

It would pierce through skin and gouge deep into peoples bodies, she said. All of them were profusely bleeding. In OB-GYN we dont treat rubber bullets. I couldnt believe that this was allowed to be [done to] civilians students without protective gear.

The UCLA protest, which gathered thousands in opposition to Israels ongoing bombing of Gaza, began in April and grew to a dangerous crescendo this month when counterprotesters and police clashed with the activists and their supporters.

In interviews with KFF Health News, Chan and three other volunteer medics described treating protesters with bleeding wounds, head injuries, and suspected broken bones in a makeshift clinic cobbled together in tents with no electricity or running water. The medical tents were staffed day and night by a rotating team of doctors, nurses, medical students, EMTs, and volunteers with no formal medical training.

At times, the escalating violence outside the tent isolated injured protesters from access to ambulances, the medics said, so the wounded walked to a nearby hospital or were carried beyond the borders of the protest so they could be driven to the emergency room.

Ive never been in a setting where were blocked from getting higher level of care, Chan said. That was terrifying to me. Chan holds some of the items she carried with her at the protest: a headlamp, a tourniquet, a glow stick. She donned scrubs that day with handwritten phone numbers for her emergency contact in case of arrest. (Molly Castle Work/KFF Health News) Volunteer medics said they made do with the materials they had, such as using a chunk of cardboard to splint a protesters sprained ankle. (Elaine Chan) Volunteer medics set up medical tents within and around the encampment at UCLA to support injured protesters.(Elaine Chan)

Three of the medics interviewed by KFF Health News said they were present when police swept the encampment May 2 and described multiple injuries that appeared to have been caused by less lethal projectiles.

Less lethal projectiles including beanbags filled with metal pellets, sponge-tipped rounds, and projectiles commonly known as rubber bullets are used by police to subdue suspects or disperse crowds or protests. Police drew widespread condemnation for using the weapons against Black Lives Matter demonstrations that swept the country after the killing of George Floyd in 2020. Although the name of these weapons downplays their danger, less lethal projectiles can travel upward of 200 mph and have a documented potential to injure, maim, or kill.

The medics interviews directly contradict an account from the Los Angeles Police Department. After police cleared the encampment, LAPD Chief Dominic Choi said in a post on the social platform X that there were no serious injuries to officers or protestors” as police moved in and made more than 200 arrests. Police officers, including some reportedly armed with shotguns loaded with less lethal projectiles, clash with protesters at UCLA. The California Highway Patrol said it would investigate how its officers responded. The footage, filmed by independent journalist Anthony Cabassa, was posted to the social platform X on May 2. (Anthony Cabassa)

In response to questions from KFF Health News, both the LAPD and California Highway Patrol said in emailed statements that they would investigate how their officers responded to the protest. The LAPD statement said the agency was conducting a review of how it responded, which would lead to a detailed report.

The Highway Patrol statement said officers warned the encampment that non-lethal rounds may be used if protesters did not disperse, and after some became an immediate threat by launching objects and weapons, some officers used kinetic specialty rounds to protect themselves, other officers, and members of the public. One officer received minor injuries, according to the statement. Email Sign-Up

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Video footage that circulated online after the protest appeared to show a Highway Patrol officer firing less lethal projectiles at protesters with a shotgun.

The use of force and any incident involving the use of a weapon by CHP personnel is a serious matter, and the CHP will conduct a fair and impartial investigation to ensure that actions were consistent with policy and the law, the Highway Patrol said in its statement.

The UCLA Police Department, which was also involved with the protest response, did not respond to requests for comment.

Jack Fukushima, 28, a UCLA medical student and volunteer medic, said he witnessed a police officer shoot at least two protesters with less lethal projectiles, including a man who collapsed after being hit square in the chest. Fukushima said he and other medics escorted the stunned man to the medical tent then returned to the front lines to look for more injured.

It did really feel like a war, Fukushima said. To be met with such police brutality was so disheartening. Jack Fukushima, a UCLA medical student and volunteer medic, said he saw police shoot at least two protesters with less-lethal projectiles during the encampment raid on May 2, 2024.(Molly Castle Work/KFF Health News)

Back on the front line, police had breached the borders of the encampment and begun to scrum with protesters, Fukushima said. He said he saw the same officer who had fired earlier shoot another protester in the neck.

The protester dropped to the ground. Fukushima assumed the worst and rushed to his side.

I find him, and Im like, Hey, are you OK? Fukushima said. To the point of courage of these undergrads, hes like, Yeah, its not my first time. And then just jumps right back in.

Sonia Raghuram, 27, another medical student stationed in the tent, said that during the police sweep she tended to a protester with an open puncture wound on their back, another with a quarter-sized contusion in the center of their chest, and a third with a gushing cut over their right eye and possible broken rib. Raghuram said patients told her the wounds were caused by police projectiles, which she said matched the severity of their injuries.

The patients made it clear the police officers were closing in on the medical tent, Raghuram said, but she stayed put.

We will never leave a patient, she said, describing the mantra in the medical tent. I dont care if we get arrested. If Im taking care of a patient, thats the thing that comes first. Sonia Raghuram, a UCLA medical student, volunteered as a medic during a pro-Palestinian protest at UCLA, where she treated patients who told her they were wounded by police projectiles.(Molly Castle Work/KFF Health News)

The UCLA protest is one of many that have been held on college campuses across the country as students opposed to Israels ongoing war in Gaza demand universities support a ceasefire or divest from companies tie to Israel. Police have used force to remove protesters at Columbia University, Emory University, and the universities of Arizona, Utah, and South Florida, among others.

At UCLA, student protesters set up a tent encampment on April 25 in a grassy plaza outside the campuss Royce Hall theater, eventually drawing thousands of supporters, according to the Los Angeles Times. Days later, a violent mob of counterprotesters attacked the camp, the Times reported, attempting to tear down barricades along its borders and throwing fireworks at the tents inside.

The following night, police issued an unlawful assembly order, then swept the encampment in the early hours of May 2, clearing tents and arresting hundreds by dawn.

Police have been widely criticized for not intervening as the clash between protesters and counterprotesters dragged on for hours. The University of California system announced it has hired an independent policing consultant to investigate the violence and resolve unanswered questions about UCLAs planning and protocols, as well as the mutual aid response.

Charlotte Austin, 34, a surgery resident, said that as counterprotesters were attacking she also saw about 10 private campus security officers stand by, hands in their pockets, as students were bashed and bloodied.

Austin said she treated patients with cuts to the face and possible skull fractures. The medical tent sent at least 20 people to the hospital that evening, she said.

Any medical professional would describe these as serious injuries, Austin said. There were people who required hospitalization not just a visit to the emergency room but actual hospitalization. Charlotte Austin, a surgery resident in Los Angeles who volunteered as a UCLA medic, says the injuries she witnessed were serious. There were people who required hospitalization not just a visit to the emergency room but actual hospitalization, she says.(Molly Castle Work/KFF Health News)

Police Tactics Lawful but Awful

UCLA protesters are far from the first to be injured by less lethal projectiles.

In recent years, police across the U.S. have repeatedly fired these weapons at protesters, with virtually no overarching standards governing their use or safety. Cities have spent millions to settle lawsuits from the injured. Some of the wounded have never been the same.

During the nationwide protests following the police killing of George Floyd in 2020, at least 60 protesters sustained serious injuries including blinding and a broken jaw from being shot with these projectiles, sometimes in apparent violations of police department policies, according to a joint investigation by KFF Health News and USA Today.

In 2004, in Boston, a college student celebrating a Red Sox victory was killed by a projectile filled with pepper-based irritant when it tore through her eye and into her brain.

Theyre called less lethal for a reason, said Jim Bueermann, a former police chief of Redlands, California, who now leads the Future Policing Institute. They can kill you.

Bueermann, who reviewed video footage of the police response at UCLA at the request of KFF Health News, said the footage shows California Highway Patrol officers firing beanbag rounds from a shotgun. Bueermann said the footage did not provide enough context to determine if the projectiles were being used reasonably, which is a standard established by federal courts, or being fired indiscriminately, which was outlawed by a California law in 2021.

There is a saying in policing lawful but awful meaning that it was reasonable under the legal standards but it looks terrible, Bueermann said. And I think a cop racking multiple rounds into a shotgun, firing into protesters, doesnt look very good.

This article was produced by KFF Health News, which publishes California Healthline, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.

[Clarification: This article was updated at 6:50 p.m. ET on May 16, 2024, to clarify that the LAPDs review is focusing only on its own role in the protest response and not that of other law enforcement agencies.] Molly Castle Work: mwork@kff.org, @mollycastlework

Brett Kelman: bkelman@kff.org, @BrettKelman Related Topics California Public Health States Arizona California Florida Georgia Massachusetts New York Utah Contact Us Submit a Story Tip