As carbon emissions from fossil fuels keep warming the planet, eco-conscious consumers may wonder if there’s a way to buy electricity from renewable sources without installing technology like solar panels or windmills on their property.
In short, the answer is yes.
However, the option isn’t necessarily available to all homeowners and renters. It also often comes with a slight price premium, experts said.
Few people are aware they can buy green energy
Renewable energy sources — including wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal and biomass — accounted for about 21% of U.S. electricity generation in 2023, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Most, 60%, came from fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil. These energy sources release carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to global warming.
A growing number of individuals and organizations are opting to shift away from fossil fuels: About 9.6 million customers bought 273 Terawatt hours of renewable energy through voluntary green power markets in 2022, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. That’s up fivefold from 54 TWh in 2012.
In the voluntary market, customers buy renewable energy in amounts that exceed states’ minimum requirements from utility companies. Over half of U.S. states have policies to raise the share of electricity sourced from renewables, though most targets are years away.
Voluntary purchases accounted for 28% of the renewable energy market (excluding hydropower) as of 2016, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. They help increase overall demand for renewable electricity, thereby driving change in the energy mix, the EPA said.
Photovoltaic solar panels at the Roadrunner solar plant near McCamey, Texas, on Nov. 10, 2023.
Jordan Vonderhaar/Bloomberg via Getty Images
The bulk of the increase is from corporations, according to NREL estimates. Residential sales have grown, too, but more slowly.
Just one in six U.S. adults know that they may have the option to buy renewable power, either from their electric company or another provider, according to most recent NREL survey data on the topic, published in 2011.
“The market does continue to grow every year in terms of sales and customers,” said Jenny Sumner, group manager of modeling and analysis at NREL, a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy.
“But very few people are aware” they can opt in to green programs, she said. “It’s just not something that’s top of mind for most people.”
How consumers can buy green power
Joe Raedle | Getty Images News | Getty Images
Wind turbines in Solano County, California, on Aug. 28, 2023.
Loren Elliott/Bloomberg via Getty Images
Power companies may offer “green pricing programs,” for instance.
Customers in these programs — also known as utility green power programs — pay their utility a “small premium” to get electricity from renewable sources, according to the U.S. Energy Department.
The cost generally exceeds that of a utility’s standard electricity service by about 1 to 2 cents per kilowatt hour, Sumner said.
That may roughly translate to about $5 to $15 more per month, Sumner said. It will ultimately depend on factors like program price and household energy use, she added.
Nearly half of Americans, 47%, said they were willing to pay more to get their electricity from 100% renewable sources, according to a 2019 poll by Yale University’s Program on Climate Change Communication. On average, they said they would be willing to pay $33.72 more per month.
Green power marketing programs
Consumers in some states can also opt into “green power marketing programs.”
Such states have “competitive” energy markets, meaning consumers can choose from among many different companies to generate their power. (Unlike with “green pricing programs,” the company generating the renewable power may not be the customer’s utility, which distributes the power.)
Residential green power options are available in these states with competitive (also known as “deregulated”) markets: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas and Virginia, according to the U.S. Energy Department and EPA.
These also tend to come with a premium, though in some regions they “may be price competitive with default electricity options,” the agencies wrote.
Community choice aggregation
With “community choice aggregation” programs, local governments buy power from an alternative green power supplier on behalf of their residents.
The municipality essentially operates as the supplier for the community’s electricity, Sumner said. These programs are especially prevalent in California, she said.
Unlike the other program types, residents generally don’t have to opt in to community choice programs; it’s typically automatic and consumers can opt out if they wish, Sumner said.
How renewable energy certificates (RECs) work
A solar farm in Imperial, California, on December 6, 2023.
Valerie Macon | Afp | Getty Images
Just because a consumer opts for renewable power doesn’t mean the electricity being pumped into their home is coming from those renewable sources.
This may sound strange. But it’s due to the physical nature of electricity and its movement through the shared electric grid.
“Once the electrons have been injected into the grid, there’s no way of tagging that these are ‘green’ electrons and these are not green,” said Joydeep Mitra, head of the power system program at Michigan State University. “Nobody knows which electrons are going where.”
Green energy programs instead rely on “renewable energy certificates,” or RECs.
The certificates are essentially an accounting mechanism for the generation and purchase of renewable energy, Mitra said.
You may not be getting the green power — but someone, somewhere is. And RECs keep track of it all.
Any consumer — even one who doesn’t have access to a green power program through their utility — can also purchase a REC as a separate, stand-alone product. It’s a way to provide extra funding to a renewable energy project, typically sold by a broker or marketer rather than a utility, Sumner said.
Buying these certificates separately doesn’t impact a consumer’s existing utility service relationship.
How to verify your electricity is green
Experts recommend choosing a green power option or REC that has been verified by an independent third party.
That’s because the voluntary sales and purchases of renewable energy aren’t subject to government oversight, according to the EPA and U.S. Energy Department.
One such independent body is the Center for Resource Solutions, a nonprofit that oversees the Green-e certification standard, the agencies said.
For example, Green-e polices the disclosures energy suppliers make to consumers about renewable energy, and verifies the purchase of that energy isn’t being counted toward state energy mandates, among other things.
In this new series, CNBC will examine what climate change means for your money, from retirement savings to insurance costs to career outlook.
Has climate change left you with bigger or new bills? Tell us about your experience by emailing me at gregory.iacurci@nbcuni.com.
A Tesla drove in the wrong direction, resulting in a head-on collision with another vehicle, during a livestream, demonstrating Tesla’s ‘Full Self-Driving’ features.
Earlier this year, Tesla launched its Level 2 driver-assist system, ‘Full Self-Driving’ (FSD), in China.
Like in the US, despite its name, the system requires constant driver supervision. Unlike in the US, China quickly made Tesla change the name of the system as it was judged not representative of its capabilities.
Many Tesla owners in China have been enthusiastically livestreaming their drives using FSD on platforms such as Douyin (TikTok).
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They try to demonstrate that Tesla FSD is able to operate the vehicle by itself and compare it to other similar systems from other automakers in China.
Last week, a Douyin user going by 切安好 was livestreaming a Tesla FSD drive in his Model 3 when the vehicle went into the left lane, which was for the opposing traffic, and collided head-on with another car.
The livestream itself wasn’t widely popular, but the Tesla owner posted video captures of the aftermath, which quickly went viral:
Fortunately, no one was critically hurt during the crash.
Many questioned whether FSD was active during the incident, and the driver initially didn’t release the crash footage as he claimed to be seeking direct compensation from Tesla, which isn’t likely.
The automaker always states that it is not responsible for its FSD or Autopilot systems.
The Tesla driver has now released the footage, which clearly shows that FSD was active during the crash and initiated the lane change into the wrong direction:
The crash highlights the dangers of being overconfident in Tesla’s autonomous driving features.
Electrek’s Take
Be safe out there. Some people are abusing driver assistance features and are a danger to all road users.
Tesla isn’t helping with its own marketing, encouraging abuse with claims that FSD “gives you time back” as if you don’t have to be supervising the system all the time.
If you’ve covered e-bikes as long as I have, you’ll know two things about them: they’re an awesome way to get around, and the basic technology behind an e-bike motor hasn’t radically changed in a long, long time. However, based on the new e-bike motor design I just tested from a powertrain technology company called CHARGE, the e-bike world may be about to get turned on its head. These guys discovered that nearly any e-bike hub motor can perform regenerative braking, but everyone has just been building them wrong this whole time.
I know that sounds crazy, but stick with me. Because I’ve seen this in action, and it’s legit.
So here’s the background: The most common motor style for an electric bike is a hub motor (a motor in the center of the wheel), and we’ve all known for a long time that e-bikes generally can’t do regenerative braking. Well, they can, except that it requires a heavy and lower efficiency direct drive hub motor, something that we haven’t seen employed on any major retail e-bike in years. These days, everyone uses smaller geared motors that allow the wheel to freewheel like a typical bicycle wheel, making an e-bike coast like a pedal bike yet still have the power of an electric drivetrain.
The problem is that the freewheeling nature of a typical geared e-bike motor means regenerative braking is impossible; there’s just no way to backdrive the motor and turn it into a generator since it doesn’t turn when the bike isn’t being powered (i.e. coasting or braking). You’d need a controllable clutch to do that, and while there have been designs for such a thing, no one has ever succeeded in doing it in a simple enough or cost-effective way that it could reach production.
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CHARGE’s redesign means the disc rotor is actually mounted to the motor’s planetary gear carrier instead of its outer shell
But the clever guys at CHARGE discovered that it doesn’t have to be that way, at least not if you simply tweak the motor design. Instead of mounting the disc rotor to the motor’s shell, which has been the go-to method for decades, they mounted the disc rotor to the carrier plate that holds the planet gears in the motor’s internal gearbox. It requires a slightly different shell for the motor – one that lets a mount connect the disc rotor to the gears’ carrier plate – but that’s the only difference, and it’s an easy one to produce. It just requires tweaking the motor assembly line. After that, the entire braking system is the same.
So the user still pulls the brake lever on the handlebar as usual, and the brake pads still grip that disc rotor. But the difference is that as the pads bite down on the disc rotor, the motor is forced to turn, which is what creates the braking force. In essence, the disc rotor now doubles as the user-operable clutch that has always been missing. That means the motor can switch into generator mode, essentially becoming a brake as it loads the motor and converts rotational energy back into electrical energy to charge the battery. The controller and motor continuously communicate with each other, increasing or decreasing braking power according to how hard the user pulls the brake lever.
The amount of slip of the disc rotor in the brake is basically the clutch that controls how much regenerative braking power is applied. That’s the second clever trick here. Since the rotor is connected to the planetary gears instead of the motor shell, the motor knows how fast the disc brake rotor is spinning, because it’s the same speed that the planetary gears are spinning. When the disc brake rotor begins to slow down or stop – essentially brake lock up – the motor knows that the user wants to brake harder, and so in turn it draws more power by applying more regenerative braking, which prevents the disc brake rotor from locking up and keeps it spinning slowly. It’s constantly monitoring rotation speed to ensure the braking power matches what the user is doing with their own hand pull on the lever (i.e. the brake pads on the rotor). And it’s doing so with the existing motor speed sensors already built into every hub motor – no extra sensors required.
But since the brake pads are just applying a small force to the rotor and not actually using friction to create much heat and cause significant braking, they experience very minimal wear and likely won’t need replacing. They’re simply lightly squeezing the rotor as a way for the motor and thus the controller to experience braking input from the hand lever. Nearly all the braking power is actually coming from the motor itself, which is acting as a generator to generate electricity. Or at least, that’s true most of the time. There’s another neat trick where when the battery is full and thus can’t use regen to charge it anymore, the controller can automatically lock or nearly lock the disc rotor speed by stalling the motor, which means more friction is generated by the brake pads. That’s a rare case though, that only happens upon braking when the battery is in a fully-charged state (e.g., at the beginning of a ride).
Conceptually, it can be a bit hard to wrap your head around. And honestly, seeing it in real life doesn’t exactly hammer the mechanics home, either.
But since I got to test it myself, why not take a look at the trippy way the disc rotor moves – and doesn’t move – during the test ride experience. See it in the short clip below! Or check out CHARGE’s own slow motion video that brakes it down even more (get it?).
Having ridden it myself, I can tell you that this setup feels exactly the same as normal braking with physical disc brakes. The harder I squeeze the right brake lever, which controls the rear brake caliper, the more braking power I get from the rear wheel.
If no one had told me that something was different back there in the braking system, I might not have even noticed it. Perhaps the only giveaway is that you don’t get the same amount of brake noise like you might get from a squeaky disc rotor under hard braking. And if you happen to turn around and look at your rear wheel riding (which is a tricky thing to do, in general), you’ll notice a strange sight which is that when you are riding along, your wheel is turning but the disc brake rotor is actually still. It’s trippy, and it’s the only giveaway that something isn’t quite normal back there.
The craziest part of this is that the CHARGE engineer who first came up with the solution, Alon Goldman, had never actually ridden an electric bike before coming up with this invention. He simply heard of the problem and started thinking about how he could solve it. And perhaps that was the secret that allowed him to approach motor design in a way that no one had thought of in over two decades. After learning about the problem – that e-bike motors couldn’t perform regenerative braking due to the freewheeling design of geared hub motors – he started thinking outside of the box, or rather inside of the wheel, and he realized the solution was simple. It just meant changing the way we have connected disc brake rotors to the wheel since the dawn of the first hub motor. Everything else could stay the same.
And that opens the door to finally bringing regenerative braking to basically any e-bike, or at least the majority of e-bikes on the road today, which are using geared hub motors. It requires the motor to be slightly adjusted mechanically so the disc is mounted differently, and to use CHARGE innovative controller to modulate the regenerative braking, but that’s it. It’s no longer an impossibility or even much of a hurdle. The solution is just sitting there on the table waiting to be implemented. And you better believe that the first e-bike company to jump on it is going to have a major advantage on their hands, both functionally and from a marketing perspective.
That brings us to one final question here, which is about the nature of regenerative braking itself. Regen is common in just about every electric vehicle out there except for e-bikes. We’ve long accepted that for e-bikes, the tradeoff of having a freewheeling motor to coast like a normal pedal bike is worth giving up regen, but that hasn’t numbed the desire for everyone. The benefits to other vehicles are the same to e-bikes. Brake pads last longer, batteries go farther, and we simply don’t waste the energy we worked hard to produce (or to charge up, if we haven’t been pedaling ourselves). The amount of energy we’re talking about isn’t huge on average, often between 5-10% of the total used for a trip, depending on the terrain and load (or up to 20-30% on long downhill sections, which could result in considerable increases in range). But even on average flat city riding, that still means riders can go 5-10% further, which isn’t nothing. And for many, the reduced wear and tear and lower maintenance are big benefits on their own.
So will we be watching this technology roll out on any new e-bikes soon? It sounds like the hardware and software are ready, but now it’s time to see if the market is ready to adopt it. We’ll be keeping a close eye on it, that’s for sure!
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Rare MOD Bikes Christmas deals offer hundreds in sitewide e-bike savings starting from $1,799
There are six days left to jump on MOD Bikes’ Christmas EV Sale with 10% sitewide savings, which is a rare occurrence these days. Aside from our love of the Easy 3 e-bike and its sidecar counterpart, there are notable second-chance savings hitting the newest MOD Groove SideCar 3 e-bike at $3,149 shipped, while its standalone e-bike model is down at $1,799 shipped. This is the latest sidecar-focused model from the brand that hit the market earlier in the year around the start of summer with a $3,499 full price. The brand stopped offering regular sales after March, with this model seeing its first discount during the Black Friday sale last month, when it dropped to $3,099. Now, you’re looking at the next-best rate with $350 cut from the tag – plus, the brand has promised that if prices drop further before the end of the year, you’ll get a refund for the difference. Head below to learn more about it and the full lineup of deals during MOD Bikes’ Christmas Sale.
Joining the two other sidecar-attached commuting solutions, the new MOD Groove SideCar 3 takes the brand’s Americana-inspired beach cruiser and upgrades it for passenger travel, primarily designed for pets, but it can hold up to 150 pounds total for human riders. It comes bearing a 750W geared hub motor and a 720Wh removable Samsung battery that give you up to 28 MPH top speeds and up to 50 miles of pedal-assisted travel (doubled to 100 miles with a dual battery setup).
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This brand makes some high-quality e-bikes, and this model is no different, coming with a solid array of features to heighten your experience further. There’s the front suspension fork, hydraulic brakes, 3-inch multi-terrain tires with fenders over each, a Shimano ALTUS 7-speed derailleur, a snap-on rear cargo rack, LED headlight and taillight with brake lighting, a S3 Smart Color Display that has a USB port to charge your devices alongside password security to lock and unlock the bike, and more.
***Note: The sitewide 10% savings from MOD Bikes’ Christmas Sale is automatically applied in your cart, so don’t be surprised/confused by the pricing on any of these models’ landing pages.
Cruise up to 44 miles on Segway’s F3 e-scooter with Apple Find My, proximity locking, more for $750
Shining another spotlight on Segway’s ongoing Christmas Holiday EV Sale, commuters needing longer-term support can jump on the F3 Electric Scooter at $749.99 shipped, which also happens to match in price at Amazon. This is one of the brand’s 2025 releases that hit the market back in April for $850, but has since been hiked up to $1,000 directly from Segway since May’s tariff increases – though, you can find it down at that original rate over at Amazon. Before May, we saw discounts go as low as $600, while our post-tariff market has now only seen costs taken as low as $700, which is where we saw it during Black Friday. If you missed out during that event, you can still save $100 off the going rate with this markdown.
Get more use out of your Greenworks 40V batteries with the 500W 4-slot power station at a $456 annual low
Amazon is now offering the Greenworks 40V 500W 4-Slot Portable Power Station at $455.99 shipped, which beats out its direct pricing by $144. It normally goes for $600 at full price, which is where it’s still priced direct from the brand’s website, with very few discounts over the year – the greatest of them being today’s deal to the best rate of 2025. While it did fall lower in 2024, you’re still getting the best price that we have tracked this year, with a 24% markdown here that cuts $144 off the tag.
Keep garages + shops clean during projects with this DEWALT 5-gallon wet/dry vacuum kit at new $120 Amazon low
Amazon is offering folks the DEWALT STEALTHSONIC 5-Gallon Wet/Dry Shop Vacuum Cleaner at $120.31 shipped. Coming down from $160 here, until the summer, we saw costs keep above $150, with discounts since summer taking things as low as $132 until today. Now, you can score $40 off the going rate, landing it at a new Amazon low price.
The savings this week are also continuing to a collection of other markdowns. To the same tune as the offers above, these all help you take a more energy-conscious approach to your routine. Winter means you can lock in even better off-season price cuts on electric tools for the lawn while saving on EVs and tons of other gear.
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