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“You can die for your country, but you can’t buy a beer at a bar.” This classic example of incoherence in laws surrounding adult milestones has been the subject of many a rant from teens who consider themselves ready to join the ranks of the legally mature. (Probably a few drunken rants, even.) But the age cutoffs for alcohol and military service both functionally set at the federal levelare the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the utterly confusing mess of state laws governing teens and young adults.

A new study from Bellwetherpulls together age cutoffs in the 50 states for 36 different “adulting” variables, from work to guns to sex to school. The results are a fascinating window into the incoherence of American lawsand offer a look at our changing attitudes about maturity and individual responsibility.

Interestingly absent are any clear patterns based on partisan affiliations. While there were some correlationson abortion, for instancein most cases permissiveness or restrictiveness did not align with blue states or red states in a meaningful way.

The case for coherence in laws governing teens is the same as it is for legal coherence generally: Forcing citizens to live under a complex patchwork of rules and regulations not unified by a logical or intuitive principle makes compliance more difficult and undermines respect for the law.

With the rise of interest in restrictions on social media, for example, there may soon be states where teens could legally own a gun, get an abortion, or have a full-time job, yet not be permitted to do a little dance on TikTok or send a spicy text.

As lawmakers become increasingly eager to play the role of parents, teachers, and bosses for teens and young adults, it’s worth taking a closer look at how well they’ve done in those roles so far.

Check out these striking examples of incoherence around the U.S.

 

Plus, check out your state to see how it stacks up. Clicking on each state reveals the cutoffs for specific laws.

 

 

To learn more about what went into the 36 variables across six different categories, check out Bellwether’s “The Edge of Seventeen”: Sex, Porn, and Marriage: Ages of sexual consent, consent to marry, and the “floor” for marriage and exceptions, plus laws governing online porn, social media, and “sexting” among minors. Habits, Vices, and Expression: Minimum ages for smoking marijuana, piercings, tattoos, and gambling. Education, Employment, and Driving: Age of compulsory school attendance, employment including different types of jobs and rules governing parental consent, and driving from learner’s permits to full driving privileges. Medical Issues: “Mature minor” laws governing general medical care, immunizations, sexually transmitted infection testing, and mental health, as well as abortion and laws governing medical treatment around gender identity. Guns: Age to possess a handgun, possess a rifle or shotgun, and carry a concealed firearm. Privacy and Punishment: Laws governing privacy matters, including at what age parents can no longer access the child’s academic or medical records, and if the state allows corporal punishment.

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Jay Slater: Missing teenager’s father and brother make emotional pleas for his safe return

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Jay Slater: Missing teenager's father and brother make emotional pleas for his safe return

The father and brother of Jay Slater, the British teenager missing in Tenerife since Monday, have made emotional pleas for his safe return.

Warren Slater, the 19-year-old’s father, told Sky News he is “just hoping that somebody has helped him off this mountain”.

He added: “That’s all I want, that somebody has helped him get off this mountain. I just want him back and that’s it. He’s my son.”

His voice cracking, Mr Slater said the last few days have been “a nightmare, just a nightmare”.

Struggling to control his emotions, he then walked away from the camera as he repeated: “I just want him back and that’s it.”

Pic: PA Search and rescue teams near to the village of Masca, Tenerife, where the search for missing British teenager Jay Slater, 19, from Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire, continues.
Image:
Pic: PA

Mr Slater’s brother, Zak Slater, echoed those words, saying: “We don’t know where he is, what’s happened, or anything. I don’t know what to say. We just want him to come home safe.”

He also became emotional as he said: “I just wish he’d come home.”

Warren Slater (L) and Jay Slater
Image:
Warren Slater (L) and Zak Slater

Emergency workers near the village of Masca, Tenerife.
Pic: PA
Image:
Emergency workers near the village of Masca, Tenerife. Pic: PA

The pair have gone to Tenerife to help search for Jay, who was holidaying with friends before he disappeared. He had been at the NRG music festival with two friends on Sunday.

He was last heard from just after 8am on Monday, when he called his friend Lucy Law to say he was setting off to walk back to his accommodation after missing a bus.

It’s not clear whether he realised the journey could take as much as 11 hours.

Ms Law said he told her he was lost, in need of water, and only had 1% charge on his phone.

Tenerife map for Jay Slater story

On Saturday, the sixth day of the search, police, rescue dogs and firefighters reconvened at Rural de Teno Park, the last location logged by Mr Slater’s phone.

Mr Slater is from the Lancashire town of Oswaldtwistle, where specialist officers are continuing to support his family, Lancashire Constabulary said.

The force added it had made “an offer of support to the Guardia Civil to see if they need any additional resources”, which was rejected by Spanish authorities.

Pic: PA Search and rescue teams near to the village of Masca, Tenerife, where the search for missing British teenager Jay Slater, 19, from Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire, continues.
Image:
Pic: PA

Missing teen’s mum has ‘not slept’

The apprentice bricklayer’s mother, who is also on the island, the largest in the Canary Islands, also made a direct plea to her missing son, saying: “We just need you home.”

Debbie Duncan said she has “not slept” since he disappeared.

Asked how the family was coping with the situation, she said: “We’re not. I’m not coping very well at all. I’ve not slept, I’m exhausted. It’s been awful. I can’t give up on him, I just can’t.”

Read more:
Jay Slater’s last known movements
Missing teen ‘had cut his leg and didn’t know where he was’

Jay Slater and his mother, Debbie Duncan. Pic: Lucy Law
Image:
Jay Slater and his mother, Debbie Duncan. Pic: Lucy Law

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Asked by the Press Association if her head was spinning from the past few days, she said: “It is, it is.

“People say: ‘Yeah, I understand’ – no, you don’t, you don’t understand.”

Speaking about what message she would have for her son, Ms Duncan added: “We just need you home – we just need him home.”

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Jay Slater: Missing teenager’s father and brother make emotional pleas for his safe return

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Jay Slater: Missing teenager's father and brother make emotional pleas for his safe return

The father and brother of Jay Slater, the British teenager missing in Tenerife since Monday, have made emotional pleas for his safe return.

Warren Slater, the 19-year-old’s father, told Sky News he is “just hoping that somebody has helped him off this mountain”.

He added: “That’s all I want, that somebody has helped him get off this mountain. I just want him back and that’s it. He’s my son.”

His voice cracking, Mr Slater said the last few days have been “a nightmare, just a nightmare”.

Struggling to control his emotions, he then walked away from the camera as he repeated: “I just want him back and that’s it.”

Pic: PA Search and rescue teams near to the village of Masca, Tenerife, where the search for missing British teenager Jay Slater, 19, from Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire, continues.
Image:
Pic: PA

Mr Slater’s brother, Zak Slater, echoed those words, saying: “We don’t know where he is, what’s happened, or anything. I don’t know what to say. We just want him to come home safe.”

He also became emotional as he said: “I just wish he’d come home.”

Warren Slater (L) and Jay Slater
Image:
Warren Slater (L) and Zak Slater

Emergency workers near the village of Masca, Tenerife.
Pic: PA
Image:
Emergency workers near the village of Masca, Tenerife. Pic: PA

The pair have gone to Tenerife to help search for Jay, who was holidaying with friends before he disappeared. He had been at the NRG music festival with two friends on Sunday.

He was last heard from just after 8am on Monday, when he called his friend Lucy Law to say he was setting off to walk back to his accommodation after missing a bus.

It’s not clear whether he realised the journey could take as much as 11 hours.

Ms Law said he told her he was lost, in need of water, and only had 1% charge on his phone.

Tenerife map for Jay Slater story

On Saturday, the sixth day of the search, police, rescue dogs and firefighters reconvened at Rural de Teno Park, the last location logged by Mr Slater’s phone.

Mr Slater is from the Lancashire town of Oswaldtwistle, where specialist officers are continuing to support his family, Lancashire Constabulary said.

The force added it had made “an offer of support to the Guardia Civil to see if they need any additional resources”, which was rejected by Spanish authorities.

Pic: PA Search and rescue teams near to the village of Masca, Tenerife, where the search for missing British teenager Jay Slater, 19, from Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire, continues.
Image:
Pic: PA

Missing teen’s mum has ‘not slept’

The apprentice bricklayer’s mother, who is also on the island, the largest in the Canary Islands, also made a direct plea to her missing son, saying: “We just need you home.”

Debbie Duncan said she has “not slept” since he disappeared.

Asked how the family was coping with the situation, she said: “We’re not. I’m not coping very well at all. I’ve not slept, I’m exhausted. It’s been awful. I can’t give up on him, I just can’t.”

Read more:
Jay Slater’s last known movements
Missing teen ‘had cut his leg and didn’t know where he was’

Jay Slater and his mother, Debbie Duncan. Pic: Lucy Law
Image:
Jay Slater and his mother, Debbie Duncan. Pic: Lucy Law

Follow Sky News on WhatsApp
Follow Sky News on WhatsApp

Keep up with all the latest news from the UK and around the world by following Sky News

Tap here

Asked by the Press Association if her head was spinning from the past few days, she said: “It is, it is.

“People say: ‘Yeah, I understand’ – no, you don’t, you don’t understand.”

Speaking about what message she would have for her son, Ms Duncan added: “We just need you home – we just need him home.”

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Politics

Sunak claims Starmer could ‘put Brexit in peril’ – as Labour warn voters against election complacency

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Sunak claims Starmer could 'put Brexit in peril' – as Labour warn voters against election complacency

The Conservatives have claimed a Labour government could “put Brexit in peril” in statements and op-eds published on the eighth anniversary of the EU referendum.

Rishi Sunak has made a series of claims about rival Sir Keir Starmer and his intentions if Labour get into government – claiming he “would recommit us to free movement of EU citizens, taking thousands more illegal migrants and binding our businesses again in Brussels red tape”.

“Keir Starmer has never believed we can succeed as a sovereign country and has tried to overturn the result time and time again,” he said. “Now he has committed to years more wrangling the EU and abandoning all our hard-won freedoms like the ability to strike more trade deals and cut more red tape.

“Make no mistake, Brexit would be in peril under Labour.”

General election: Follow the latest updates

Rishi Sunak speaking during a visit to a bathroom supply company near Rhyl, Wales.
Pic: PA
Image:
Sunak and three other Conservatives have launched Brexit-related attacks on Labour. Pic: PA

Business Secretary Kemi Badenoch has claimed Starmer and Labour “have never believed in Britain’s ability to forge its own path”.

“Instead of using the opportunities, Starmer wants to renegotiate the Brexit deal, taking us back to square one of being a rule-taker from Brussels,” she added.

More on Brexit

“Only the Conservatives will continue to take the bold action required to build a secure, independent future for our country.”

What have Labour said about Brexit and the EU?

Sir Keir last month told Sky News he plans to seek “a better [Brexit] deal than the one that we’ve got” if elected in next month’s general election.

“I don’t think many people look at that deal and think it’s working very well,” he said of the current trade arrangements. “We were promised an oven-ready deal and we got something that was, frankly, half-baked.”

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‘We need a better Brexit deal’

The Labour manifesto makes one mention of Brexit. It reads: “With Labour, Britain will stay outside of the EU. But to seize the opportunities ahead, we must make Brexit work.”

“We will reset the relationship and seek to deepen ties with our European friends, neighbours and allies,” it continues. “That does not mean reopening the divisions of the past.

“There will be no return to the single market, the customs union, or freedom of movement.

“Instead, Labour will work to improve the UK’s trade and investment relationship with the EU, by tearing down unnecessary barriers to trade.”

More from Sky News:
Farage ‘playing into Putin’s hands’, says PM
How Starmer ‘set a trap’ for Boris Johnson

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Meanwhile, Home Secretary James Cleverly has claimed Labour will “open the door to 100,000 illegal migrants” in a piece for the Sunday Telegraph – which a Labour spokesperson has already labelled “desperate lies from a party that has totally failed to control our borders or manage the asylum system”.

And in The Times, Levelling Up Secretary Michael Gove has said in a new interview: “I think one of the biggest question marks over Labour is what they would do in terms of relations with the EU because it is on the record that Starmer did everything he could to frustrate a Brexit deal and to secure a second referendum.

“I was in the room with him when we were trying to negotiate an agreement between Labour and the Conservatives under Theresa [May] to secure a Brexit deal.”

Meanwhile, as polls continue to predict Labour are heading for a comfortable majority, their national campaign co-ordinator has reminded the public: “Change will only happen if you vote for it.”

Labour’s national campaign coordinator Pat McFadden wrote in the Observer: “There is a danger that the debate in this election becomes consumed by polls and specifically by the idea that the outcome is somehow pre-determined… No way is this election a done deal.

“The headlines about the clutch of MRP polls disguise a huge level of uncertainty.”

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