The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has ordered Israel to stop its military offensive in the southern Gaza city of Rafah.
The top United Nations court said the humanitarian situation in Rafah had “deteriorated further” since its previous court order for Israel to improve it, adding that what was happening in the besieged Palestinian territory was “disastrous”.
It comes after South Africa put in an emergency request to the ICJ for it to order Israel to stop its Rafah assault.
The ICJ president Nawaf Salam said in The Hague: “The state of Israel shall… immediately halt its military offensive, and any other action in the Rafah governorate, which may inflict on the Palestinian group in Gaza conditions of life that could bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part.”
The court also ordered Israel to open the Rafah crossing between Egypt and Gaza to allow in humanitarian aid, and said Israel must provide access to the territory for investigators and report back on its progress within a month.
The order was handed down a week after it was requested by South Africa, which in January formally accused Israel of committing genocide against Palestinians in a hearing at the UN court.
Israel, which claims that its military operations in Gaza are in self-defence and targeted at Hamas fighters, has vehemently denied the accusations.
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Israel launched its assault on Rafah this month, forcing hundreds of thousands of Palestinians to flee a city that had become a refuge to around half of the population’s 2.3 million people.
The ICJ is the highest UN body for hearing disputes between states, and its rulings are final and binding but have been ignored in the past.
Image: Smoke rises during an Israeli airstrike on Rafah. Pic: Reuters
No enforcement powers
The court has no enforcement powers and Israel is unlikely to comply with the latest ICJ order, which was adopted by a panel of 15 judges from around the world in a 13-2 vote, opposed only by judges from Uganda and Israel.
In response to the judgment, Israeli finance minister Bezalel Smotrich said: “Those who demand that the State of Israel stop the war, demand that it decree itself to cease to exist. We will not agree to that. If we lay down our weapons, the enemy will reach the beds of our children and women throughout the country.”
South Africa has welcomed the latest ruling, with Zane Dangor, director general of the Department of International Relations and Cooperation, saying the order was “ground-breaking as it is the first time that explicit mention is made for Israel to halt its military action in any area of Gaza”.
Hamas also welcomed the ruling but said it was insufficient, with senior official Basem Naim saying “we believe it is not enough since the occupation aggression across the Gaza Strip and especially in northern Gaza is just as brutal and dangerous”.
“We call upon the UN Security Council to immediately implement this demand by the World Court into practical measures to compel the Zionist enemy to implement the decision.”
Israel says it has no choice but to attack Rafah to root out the last battalions of Hamas fighters it thinks are hiding there.
Image: Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and defence minister Yoav Gallant. Pic: Reuters
The Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to both eliminate Hamas and get all the hostages back who were taken in the October 7th attacks.
“Hamas is in Rafah, Hamas has been holding our hostages in Rafah, which is why our forces are manoeuvering in Rafah. We’re doing this in a targeted and precise way,” Israeli chief military spokesperson Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari said on Thursday.
But the US – Israel’s most powerful ally – has threatened to scale back its support over the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Gaza.
Prosecutor Karim Khan accused Mr Netanyahu and Mr Gallant of crimes including extermination, using hunger as a weapon and deliberately attacking civilians. Israel strongly denied the charges.
The Israelis said Hamas killed 1,200 people and took more than 250 hostages in the October 7 raid on southern Israel.
Since then, Israel’s incursion has killed more than 35,000 people, according to the Hamas-run health ministry in Gaza.
Vladimir Putin has announced a 30-hour “Easter truce” in Ukraine – but Volodymyr Zelenskyy says Russian attacks are continuing hours after it was due to begin.
The Ukrainian president shared a statement on X after his Russian counterpart said a ceasefire would last from 6pm on Saturday to midnight on Easter Sunday – both Moscow time, which is two hours ahead of the UK.
“Guided by humanitarian considerations… the Russian side declares an Easter truce,” Mr Putin said at a meeting with chief of general staff Valery Gerasimov.
“I order that all military actions be stopped for this period.
“We assume that the Ukrainian side will follow our example. At the same time, our troops must be ready to repel possible violations of the truce and provocations from the enemy, any of its aggressive actions.”
Image: Russia’s chief of general staff Valery Gerasimov meets with Vladimir Putin in Moscow. Pic: Reuters
Mr Zelenskyy claimed Russian attacks were continuing despite the truce announcement.
He wrote: “As of now… Russian assault operations continue on several frontline sectors, and Russian artillery fire has not subsided.
“Therefore, there is no trust in words coming from Moscow.”
Mr Zelenskyy said in the same statement that a US proposal for a “full and unconditional 30 days ceasefire” has gone “unanswered” by Russia for 39 days.
He added that Ukraine “responded positively” to the American proposal but “Russia ignored it”.
The Ukrainian president said that “if Russia is now suddenly ready to truly engage in a format of full and unconditional silence, Ukraine will act accordingly – mirroring Russia’s actions”.
“If a complete ceasefire truly takes hold, Ukraine proposes extending it beyond the Easter day of April 20,” he added.
“That is what will reveal Russia’s true intentions – because 30 hours is enough to make headlines, but not for genuine confidence-building measures. Thirty days could give peace a chance.”
Image: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy speaking earlier this week. Pic: AP
Shortly after the ceasefire was announced, Ukraine’s foreign minister Andrii Sybiha said there had been a “long history” of Mr Putin’s words not “matching his actions”.
“We know his words cannot be trusted and we will look at actions, not words,” he added.
The ceasefire announcement has echoes of January 2023, when Mr Putin ordered his forces in Ukraine to observe a 36-hour truce for Orthodox Christmas.
At that time, Mr Zelenskyy stopped short of stating his forces would reject Mr Putin’s request, but dismissed the Russian move as playing for time to regroup its invasion forces and prepare additional attacks.
Prisoner exchange
It comes as Ukraine and Russia conducted a swap of more than 500 prisoners of war on Saturday, the latest in a series of exchanges since Russia launched a full-scale invasion more than three years ago.
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Russia and Ukraine swap hundreds of prisoners
Mr Zelenskyy, in a post on the Telegram messaging app, said 277 Ukrainian service personnel had returned home from Russian captivity.
Russia’s defence ministry said 246 servicemen had been handed over by Kyiv.
It said a further 31 injured prisoners of war had been handed over to Ukraine and 15 of its own wounded servicemen had also been returned by Kyiv.
The developments come after US President Donald Trump on Friday said negotiations between Ukraine and Russia are “coming to a head” and insisted that neither side is “playing” him in his push to end the grinding three-year war.
Mr Trump spoke shortly after secretary of state Marco Rubio warned that the US may “move on” from trying to secure a Russia-Ukraine peace deal if there is no progress in the coming days, after months of efforts have failed to bring an end to the fighting.
Well it is something, but it’s by no means everything – a ceasefire for 30 hours, not 30 days.
This feels like a diplomatic dance, rather than a military, or moral, manoeuvre.
An Easter truce – announced by Vladimir Putin on Saturday – is significant in the sense that, if it holds, it’ll be the first actual cessation of hostilities since the war began.
And it’s significant in the sense that it’s the first actual concession made by Moscow since Donald Trump initiated peace negotiations two months ago.
But – and there’s always a “but” when it comes to the Kremlin – how much of a concession is it really? And how much difference will it make militarily?
It’s nowhere near what the White House has been asking for, and it’s nowhere near what Ukraine has previously consented to.
The American president’s first proposal was a full 30-day ceasefire. Kyiv agreed but Moscow didn’t, not without conditions.
Then there was the attempted maritime truce. Again, Moscow’s agreement came with strings attached, in the form of sanctions relief, so it never got off the ground.
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Ukraine: Michael Clarke Q&A
So why suddenly suggest a truce now?
America had made no secret of its growing frustration at the lack of progress in peace negotiations.
I don’t think that in itself would be a problem for Russia, given its military dominance. But I think it could be a problem if Trump blames Putin for the lack of progress, and then pulls the plug on their thaw in relations as well.
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So this feels like Putin is giving Trump just enough to keep him on side, without actually making any major concession.
And the way it’s being presented is interesting too – at Russia’s initiative, on humanitarian grounds, Ukraine must “follow our example”.
He’s trying to cast himself as the peacemaker in the eyes of the US president – as the one who give solutions, not problems – which appears contrary to Trump’s opinion of Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
Israeli strikes in Gaza have killed more than 90 people in the past 48 hours, the Hamas-run health ministry in the territory has said.
Women and children were among 15 people who were killed overnight on Friday in the southern city of Khan Younis, according to hospital staff.
At least 11 of those who were killed were sheltering in a tent in the designated humanitarian zone of al Mawasi, where hundreds of thousands of displaced people are living, the hospital workers said.
A further four people were killed in separate strikes on the city of Rafah, including a mother and her daughter, according to Gaza’s European Hospital, where the bodies were taken.
Image: Mourners at Nasser hospital in Khan Younis. Pic: Reuters
Israel – which has not commented publicly on the latest strikes – has vowed to intensify attacks across Gaza and occupy large “security zones” inside the area.
It says this is to put pressure on Hamas to release more hostages and ultimately agree to disarm and leave the territory.
For weeks, Israeli troops have also blockaded Gaza, barring the entry of food and other goods.
Last month, 15 aid workers were killed and buried in a shallow grave after being fired upon by Israeli troops.
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Sky reveals timeline of IDF’s Gaza aid attack
Hamas is currently holding 59 hostages, 24 of whom are believed to be alive.
The group says it will only return them in exchange for the release of more Palestinian prisoners, a full Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and a lasting truce, as called for in the now-defunct ceasefire agreement reached earlier this year.
Hamas’s armed wing said the fate of Israeli-American hostage Edan Alexander was unknown after a guard who was holding him was found killed.
On Tuesday, Hamas said it had lost contact with a group of militants holding Mr Alexander in Gaza.
Earlier this week, the United Nations warned that almost all of Gaza’s population of more than two million people is relying on the one million prepared meals produced daily by charity kitchens.
Image: People at a hospital in Khan Younis mourn the deaths of Palestinians killed in Israeli strikes earlier this week. Pic: Reuters
Image: Palestinians gather at the site of an Israeli strike on a house. Pic: Reuters
The only other way to get food in Gaza is from markets, but rising prices make them unaffordable for most, according to the World Food Programme. The UN humanitarian office, known as OCHA, called it Gaza’s “worst humanitarian crisis” since the escalation of hostilities in October 2023.
Dr Hanan Balkhy, head of the World Health Organisation’s eastern Mediterranean office, urged the new US ambassador in Israel, Mike Huckabee, to push Israel to lift Gaza’s blockade so medicines and other aid can enter the strip.
“I would wish for him to go in and see the situation first hand,” she said on Friday.
Image: US ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee places a handwritten note in Jerusalem. Pic: Reuters
In his first appearance as ambassador, Mr Huckabee visited the Western Wall, the holiest Jewish prayer site in Jerusalem’s Old City. He inserted a prayer into the wall, which he said was handwritten by US President Donald Trump.
Mr Huckabee said every effort was being made to bring home the remaining Israeli hostages.
Hamas-led militants attacked southern Israel on 7 October 2023, killing about 1,200 people and abducting 251.
Israel’s offensive has since killed more than 51,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza’s Hamas-run health ministry, which does not distinguish between civilians and combatants.