Earlier this year, financial services company Klarna said its artificial intelligence agent, powered by OpenAI, had taken over two-thirds of customer chats and was doing work equivalent to that of 700 full-time agents. That was after just one month of use.
Alexander Kvamme, CEO of customer engagement startup Echo AI, told CNBC that Klarna’s announcement in February may have been the first sign of AI agents “having their ChatGPT moment.”
OpenAI released the ChatGPT chatbot to the public in late 2022, giving the public a taste of how new generative AI chatbots could provide much more thorough, creative and conversational answers to web queries compared with traditional search, which is how consumers sought online information for the prior 25 years. Google, Microsoft and others followed with rival products.
The industry quickly moved past text responses and into AI-generated photos and videos. Now comes the rise of AI agents.
Rather than just providing answers — the realm of chatbots and image generators — agents are built for productivity and to complete tasks. They’re AI tools that are able to make decisions, for better or worse, “without a human in the loop,” Kvamme said.
Grace Isford, a partner at venture firm Lux Capital, said there’s been a “dramatic increase” in interest among tech investors when it comes to startups focused on building AI agents. They’ve collectively raised hundreds of millions of dollars and seen their valuations climb alongside the broader generative AI market.
Generative AI exploded in 2023, with $29.1 billion invested across nearly 700 deals, a more than 260% increase in deal value from a year earlier, according to PitchBook. Meanwhile, the non-AI investing landscape has been in an extended lull for well over two years following record financings during the Covid pandemic.
If 2023 was the year of peak AI hype, 2024 is the year of early deployments.
“It has really been a torrent of innovation that has hit the market since the introduction of ChatGPT,” Jared Spataro, Microsoft’s corporate vice president of AI at Work, told CNBC. Microsoft is the biggest backer of OpenAI and has invested billions of dollars on its own generative AI models and products, in addition to the billions it’s poured into the ChatGPT developer.
The term AI agents isn’t neatly defined across the tech sector. Industry experts who spoke to CNBC about the emerging trend generally viewed agents as a step beyond chatbots, in that they’re typically designed for specific business functions and can be customized on the big AI models. Think of J.A.R.V.I.S., Tony Stark’s multifaceted AI assistant from the Marvel Universe.
AI agents are often described as advanced generative AI tools that can do multistep, complex tasks on a user’s behalf and generate their own to-do lists, so that users don’t have to walk them through the process step-by-step.
“An assistant is not just giving you the answer, but automating a series of steps,” said Francois Ajenstat, chief product officer at digital analytics company Amplitude.
How Microsoft and Google are playing
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said on an earnings call earlier this year that he wants to offer an AI agent that can complete more and more tasks on a user’s behalf, though there is “a lot of execution ahead.” Executives from Meta and Google have also touted their work in pushing AI assistants to become increasingly productive.
At Google I/O in May, Google announced Project Astra, the company’s latest advancement toward its AI assistant that’s being built by Google’s DeepMind AI unit.
In Google’s demo video, the assistant, using video and audio, was able to help the user remember where they left their glasses, review code and answer questions about an object that it was shown. It’s just a prototype for now, but Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai said he hopes to roll it out to users later this year.
The demo came a day after OpenAI showcased a similar audio back-and-forth conversation with ChatGPT, positioning it more as an AI assistant that can function as a conversationalist, language translator, math tutor and co-writer of code.
Microsoft followed at its Build developer conference by announcing a partnership with Cognition AI, which will bring Cognition’s own AI agent, called Devin, to customers. Cognition bills Devin as the “first AI software engineer.”
Devin quickly caused a stir on social media for its ability to handle multistep processes. Instead of just generating simple lines of code, Devin creates a problem-solving process, writes the code, tests it and then ships it.
Martin Kon, operating chief of enterprise AI startup Cohere, said AI agents could start doing work such as booking a plane ticket and expensing it, offering a suggested interest rate on a loan, or emailing a customer about arrival time and updating Salesforce accordingly.
To date, the tools have largely been limited to tasks such as helping write code. At Microsoft’s GitHub, for example, roughly 46% of all code “across all programming languages” was AI-generated, CEO Thomas Dohmke wrote in a blog post in early 2023.
While the line between an AI coding tool and a true AI agent is blurry, most experts who spoke with CNBC said the defining characteristic of an agent is that it goes well beyond a single use case and starts to approach an all-capable personal assistant.
Anthropic and other startups are already working toward that goal. The first step is giving their chatbots the ability to interact with external tools and services on behalf of the customer.
Microsoft’s Spataro said the process of developing his company’s Copilot coding agent has “kind of been like being strapped to a rocketship.” A big part of what Microsoft is doing, he said, is moving from one- or two-step tasks to multistep tasks. That could involve looking at a user’s calendar and giving a 30-second outlook on what to prioritize for the day.
Fred Havemeyer, head of U.S. AI and software research at Macquarie, wrote in a recent note to investors that the firm is looking forward to seeing more AI agents.
“We think agentic AI, which can self-direct towards achieving tasks, will be the tools that unlock the value of GenAI for everyday users,” Havemeyer wrote.
Romain Huet, OpenAI’s head of developer experience, told CNBC that the concept of AI agents came into focus last year, but people quickly realized there was work to be done to make the tools more autonomous.
“We have the models that become more and more powerful, so we can now capture user intent much better than before, but we’re also still pretty early on that journey at building agents,” Huet said.
The big advancement, he said, will be when an AI agent can know your preferences and “take action on your behalf” without you asking.
Startups raise big money
AI agent startups are reeling in hefty piles of cash from investors. They’re not the billion-dollar-plus financings that have been going into the AI model companies, but valuations are still far ahead of business fundamentals.
Adept, which is led by alumni of OpenAI and Google, received a valuation of over $1 billion last year. The company says on its website that its technology “navigates the complexity of software tools so you don’t have to.”
H, a French AI agent startup, raised a $220 million seed round in May from investors including Amazon, Samsung, UiPath and Google ex-CEO Eric Schmidt. Artisan AI, a Y Combinator-backed startup working on AI agents that it bills as “AI employees for enterprise,” recently completed a $7.3 million seed round and says it’s onboarded more than 100 companies so far.
Artisan AI founder and CEO Jaspar Carmichael-Jack said it wasn’t possible to begin working on true AI agents until 2022 because that’s when chatbots such as ChatGPT first made it possible for the average consumer to interact with such tools.
“People talk about how the VC market is down in general,” Carmichael-Jack said. “But for us it’s like 2021 in AI startups.”
Braden Hancock worked at Facebook Research and Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence Lab before co-founding Snorkel AI in 2019. He said the market is in a “similar hype cycle” to that of self-driving cars. And broader AI agents will similarly take a long time to hit the mainstream, he said.
Hancock said agents must be “many times” better before people are “willing to accept putting something on autopilot.” He added that, when it comes to having technology sign your name and make money transfers on your behalf, “there’s a really high bar.”
Kanjun Qiu’s three-year-old startup, Imbue, has been valued at more than $1 billion, with backing from Amazon’s Alexa Fund and Eric Schmidt. Based on the company’s own user research, Qiu said the current characterization of AI agents — as generally intelligent personal assistants that handle delegated tasks — is not what users actually want, since, by design, they’re “not fully trustworthy.”
“Even as CEO, it’s hard for me to delegate things to my executive assistant,” Qiu said. “I’ve had her for two years, and she’s amazing.” For new things, Qiu said, “It’s still hard for me to fully know, ‘Okay, is this going to come back the way I expected?'”
Imbue is developing ways for people to make their own AI software agents — without coding — to run in the background for their personalized needs, whether it’s creating a way to track the news or building a bot to book travel. These types of AI models wouldn’t need to train on user data, since each use case would be personalized.
Instead of delegating tasks to an agent built by the likes of OpenAI or Google, which would be centralized and controlled by those companies, Imbue imagines agents putting control in the hands of users.
“There’s a way of thinking about agents as enabling every person to make software,” Qiu said. The user is “asking the agent to write code on the computer, to make the computer do what I want to do.”
Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum attend the “Winning the AI Race” Summit in Washington D.C., U.S., July 23, 2025.
Kent Nishimura | Reuters
China has told companies to refrain from using Nvidia‘s H20 chips after the chipmaker recently received approval to resume shipping the less advanced artificial intelligence product, Bloomberg reported, citing sources familiar with the matter.
Authorities have recently told companies to avoid using the Nvidia chips, or those from Advanced Micro Devices, for government and national security use cases, according to the news outlet.
The report comes after the White House confirmed on Monday that both Nvidia and AMD have agreed to give 15% of all China revenues to the U.S. government.
Last month, both companies said they would soon resume China shipments after the administration started requiring export licenses earlier this year. Both Nvidia’s H20 chip and AMD’s MI380 were created to work around previous AI chip restrictions to China due to national security fears.
Shares of both stocks teetered on Tuesday.
Read more CNBC tech news
During a press conference Monday, Trump called Nvidia’s H20 chip “obsolete” and said he wouldn’t allow the higher-end Blackwell shipments there without 30% to 50% decrease in performance.
China is a key market for AI chipmakers such as Nvidia and AMD.
Earlier this year, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang said getting pushed out of the China market would be a “tremendous loss” for the company. He estimated the country’s AI market will hit $50 billion over the next two to three years.
Over the weekend, a social media account connected to Chinese state media said that the H20 chips were not “safe.”
That figure is higher than Perplexity’s current valuation, but the company said several investors have agreed to back the deal. In July, Perplexity was valued at $18 billion as part of an extension that valued the company at $14 billion months earlier.
Google did not immediately respond to CNBC’s request for comment. The Wall Street Journal was first to report the bid.
Perplexity is best known for its AI-powered search engine that gives users simple answers to questions and links out to the original source material on the web. Last month, it launched its own AI-powered browser called Comet.
The startup is in the middle of a battle for supremacy in generative AI, with companies including Meta and OpenAI offering massive salaries and signing bonuses to top engineers. Megacap tech companies are spending tens of billions of dollars a year on AI infrastructure to build large language models and run hefty workloads, while startups are raising billions of dollars from venture investors, hedge funds and tech giants to pay for the hardware and headcount needed to compete.
Perplexity was approached by Meta earlier this year about a potential acquisition, but the companies did not finalize a deal.
Perpexity’s bid comes after the U.S. Department of Justice proposed Google divest Chrome as part of the antitrust suit the company lost last year. The judge in the case ruled that Google has held an illegal monopoly in its core market of internet search.
In response, Google said the DOJ was pushing “a radical interventionist agenda,” and that the agency’s proposal was “wildly overbroad.” The company has not yet disclosed how it plans to adjust its business following the antitrust ruling.
Chrome, which Google launched in 2008, provides the search giant with data it then uses for targeting ads. The DOJ said in a filing following the court’s decision that forcing the company to get rid of Chrome would create a more equal playing field for search competitors.
“To remedy these harms, the [Initial Proposed Final Judgment] requires Google to divest Chrome, which will permanently stop Google’s control of this critical search access point and allow rival search engines the ability to access the browser that for many users is a gateway to the internet,” the DOJ wrote.
Perplexity’s bid for Chrome is not the first time it’s taken a big swing.
The startup submitted a proposal to merge with the short-form video app TikTok in January. TikTok’s future in the U.S. has been uncertain since 2024, when Congress passed a bill that would ban the platform unless its Chinese owner, ByteDance, divested from it.
As of August, Perplexity’s proposed structure has not materialized.
Raquel Urtasun (L), Waabi founder and CEO, and Lior Ron (R), who has joined Waabi as chief operating officer after growing Uber Freight to a $5 billion revenue company.
Waabi
Lior Ron, founder and CEO of Uber Freight, is joining self-driving truck startup Waabi as chief operating officer.
The move, Ron says, is based on his belief that the era of autonomous big rigs on the roads at scale is here, with the freight industry to be transformed by the economics of driverless technology in the semi cab.
“The first decade of my career in logistics was building Uber Freight, putting the rails in place to usher in the era of digitalization for logistics,” Ron said. “It’s time to focus on the most fundamental shift of the next decade, which is automation. I can’t think of something that will be as helpful to the next era of logistics and innovation and how goods are being moved. The technology is now here,” he added.
Waabi expects fully driverless trucks to be handling freight routes across the U.S. Southwest by the end of the year. The region was chosen as the first area of the nation to deploy the technology at scale due to the massive amount of freight that travels in the Sun Belt, from states including Texas and Arizona to California, and the lack of severe weather conditions like snow and ice (removing one variable for the autonomous technology to navigate). But Ron said the goal is to cover all of North America with driverless freight trucks over the next five years.
Ron will remain chairman of Uber Freight, with Rebecca Tinucci, current head of Uber’s electrification strategy and former Tesla charging business leader, taking over as CEO.
Ron grew Uber Freight to a $5 billion annual revenue business over the past decade, working with one-third of Fortune 500 shippers, according to the company, and managing close to $20 billion in freight overall for clients including Colgate, Nestle, and Anheuser-Busch InBev.
The ties between Ron and Waabi founder and CEO Raquel Urtasun (the two executives have known each other for a decade) — and between Waabi and Uber — are longstanding. Urtasun worked at Uber in an advanced technology unit before founding Waabi. Uber is a major investor in her company, and Uber Freight has been a key partner in testing Waabi’s autonomous trucking technology on the roads, with a program underway in Texas since 2023 and an existing goal of deploying across billions of miles. Commercial loads are currently carried by Waabi trucks between Dallas and Houston.
“Over the last four years, we’ve focused on the product development and R&D, and now we’re entering the commercialization phase,” said Urtasun, who added that Ron will be focused on the “go-to-market strategy, foundational partnerships such as Uber Freight that push the company to the next level, new partnerships, and positioning the business to scale.
Currently, Waabi’s approach has included drivers in the cabs as part of its testing phase. But Ron said by the end of the year, there will be no driver on board the vehicles. “It has been four years since Waabi’s inception and it’s go time,” he said. “We start with specific routes and scale fast across multiple customers,” he said, including Uber Freight.
Truck OEMs, such as Volvo (with which Waabi already has a deal), are already making the investments, “gearing up and leaning all in,” Ron said. Now, he added, “It’s about the people who buy the trucks.”
Ron expects a relatively fast adoption cycle — among both logistics firms looking to replenish freight fleets and shippers, such as major retailers, with their own trucking assets and operations. Current constraints in the freight trucking sector will serve as tailwinds to adoption, he said. Traditional freight trucks can move cargo seven to eight hours a day, with autonomous trucks able to more than double that with the costs associated with a driver, and with a better safety profile and greater fuel efficiency.
In five years time, Ron says, driverless freight trucks will be “a common sight across the U.S. in the supply chain, and especially in the Sunbelt corridors.”
Self-driving AI company Waabi is teaming with existing investor Volvo for development and deployment of autonomous trucks.
Waabi
While much of the public focus on self-driving remains on the novelty of Waymos and Tesla robotaxis (Texas and Arizona are key test markets for these companies as well), the Waabi executives say the costs in the freight trucking industry make a much stronger case for the deployment at scale.
“Costs always come down with scale,” Ron said, and he contends that autonomous freight will allow customers to recoup their investment “faster than any other investment in a trucking fleet.”
For truck drivers, the jobs won’t disappear overnight, and with an average age of a truck driver in the U.S. around 55, according to Ron, the next decade will provide the time for those already in the career to remain in their jobs. The Waabi executives do expect more driving jobs in the future to be within last-mile delivery, which is a more complex task for autonomous systems to master, and for there to be the emergence of new technician jobs related to autonomous freight operations.
They also noted that there is a longstanding shortage of truck drivers in the U.S., a sign that long haul is not a highly sought career option. “No one wants to be a long haul trucker,” said Urtasun. “This is not something humans should be doing, but as the labor shifts, it will done over a period of time, so not a massive disruption,” she added.
Self-driving regulation is still primarily handled at the state level, one reason Texas has featured in Waabi’s early days, but Urtasun said a recent meeting she attended with Department of Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy indicated a “willingness to get a federal framework to enable a faster, more simple path to commercialize this technology.”
“All the benefits are clear and the U.S. wants to maintain the leadership position here, and this administration wants to double down in making that possible, but it does remain state-by-state policy,” she said.
Waabi refers to itself as a “physical AI” company, with the ultimate goal of having its systems deployed beyond trucks, whether in robotaxis, warehouse robots or humanoid robots. “It’s clear to us that at the right time we will do more than trucks,” Urtasun said.
But the goal right now, she said, is to build the autonomous trucking business to scale and grow the revenue stream upon commercialization. There are no current plans to pursue an initial public offering. “Lots of people are courting Waabi for our next series, but our capital efficiency enables us to not need to raise capital. We don’t have plans now to IPO,” she said. “The first mission is to bring the solution to market,” she added.
In addition to Uber, Waabi is backed by Khosla Ventures, Nvidia, Volvo Group Venture Capital, and Porsche Automobil, among others.
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