
Tesla Cybertruck review: incredible tech packaged in the weirdest way
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1 year agoon
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I got my hands on a Tesla Cybertruck for a week. Being from Canada, I haven’t had the opportunity to test the electric pickup truck until now.
So, for those who care, here’s my Tesla Cybertruck review:
I rented the Cybertruck on Turo and I had about a week to drive it around Washington for my review.
We put together a video review (if you enjoy it, I’d appreciate if you could subscribe, like, and share it):
My more detailed review is below, but here’s a quick TLDR:
I am particularly impressed by the technology inside the Cybertruck. It drives amazingly well. I was particularly impressed by the drive-by-wire system, which makes the truck drives like a video game. The rear-steering makes it turn on a dime. Also, Tesla should be commended for being the first to push to move to a 48-volt architecture.
However, there are some downsides. The novel design has forced Tesla to make some compromises, like the huge A-pillars resulting in a bling spot, the tonneau cover resulting in a useless rear-view mirror. Some of the downsides also seem to have to do with Tesla’s belief that self-driving is just around the corner – even though it doesn’t even have Autopilot right now. Finally, the charging capacity is subpar compared to Tesla’s other vehicles and competitors.
Attention Grabber
One of the first things you will notice when driving the Cybertruck is the attention you are getting. I’ve driven rare supercars that would get much less attention than this pickup truck.
Most of the time, it’s great. People come up to you and want to ask questions, which I am happy to answer unless I’m on a schedule. However, it can also be a pain. Plenty of people don’t ask before taking pictures and have no problem photographing you while you are inside the truck.
But more importantly, it can be dangerous. I had people drive erratically to try to catch up to me to take pictures of the vehicle while they were driving. Please don’t do that. It’s stupidly dangerous.
Either way, it likely not going to be a problem for long. It is a very novel vehicle right now, but Tesla is ramping up production and plans to make hundreds of thousands of Cybertrucks per year. Once that’s the case, I assume that the fascination and excitement will die down a bit and owners will be able to travel with less attention.
Things my girlfriend said about the Cybertruck
My girlfriend might be the Cybertruck’s biggest fan. Here are a few things I caught her casually saying during our week with the truck (yes, I actually kept a list cause I couldn’t believe how excited she was about it):
- All other cars can go home, this is the only vehicle that matters
- It’s the perfect car.
- Cars should have always look like that.
- If you don’t like this car, you don’t like the future.
- *sees people checking the truck from a distance* please make the truck fart.
- It is effing beautiful, I have nothing else to say.
For context and to be fair, she doesn’t drive, in fact, she has never driven a vehicle. She is a city girl without a driver’s license. She doesn’t know anything about cars. I’m not sure she could name you another car with a gun to her head, but she is a very artistic person who appreciates the “cinematographic look” of the Cybertruck’s design.
If anything, she is proof that some people do like the design.
Cybertruck’s Design
Personally, I’m still ambivalent on the design. I commend Tesla for departing from traditional vehicle and pickup designs and trying something novel.
Sometimes, I think it looks quite sharp, but I also can’t really argue with the people who say it looks like a dumpster.


Considering it is objective, I’ll focus instead on what Tesla’s novel design for the Cybertruck enables and what it forced Tesla to do.
In some ways, I feel like the Cybertruck is a great example of a product engineered from its design. I wouldn’t be surprised if the vehicle program were born from a Tesla designer going up to CEO Elon Musk with the Cybertruck’s design and Musk going: “I love it, let’s figure out how to build this.” Then Tesla’s engineers and designers had to make this thing a reality
There are quite a few characteristics in support of that. For example, Tesla first claimed that the Cybertruck would be built with an exosketlon and its website still mentions that today. However, teardowns and pictures of the truck’s body makes clear that you have to stretch the definition of “exoskeleton” to its very limit to still call it that. The Cybertruck’s built is much closer to a traditional unibody than anything else.
Tesla does have a point that the body panels add to the structural integrity of the vehicle, but they are certainly not the main structural part of the pickup. The panels are also thinner than originally planned.
Nonetheless, Tesla built the first stainless steel vehicle since the DeLorean and that’s cool by itself.

Many people like the idea of a rugged truck that doesn’t rust, doesn’t ding easy, and that’s it, but there are some downsides too.
It does get dirty with pollen and fingerprints quite easy. With the clean look with sharp lines, Tesla didn’t want any door handles. Instead of going with an embedded door handle that pops out, automatically like Model S, or manually like in Model 3/Y, Tesla instead went with a button that pops the door open and then you have to reach inside of it to pull it fully open – similar to the system in the Mustand Mach-E.

I feel like Tesla could have implemented that better. It could have had auto presenting door, it’s a $100,000 vehicle after all, but it could have also implemented simpler things to make the experience better.
Something like a rubber piece inside the door where you grab it would have been great to avoid touching a steel panel and could be use to swing the door close without having to touch the outside.
The ridiculously big windshield wiper in a vertical resting position is also something that was forced by the Cybertruck’s design.

If you want a straight line from the front end to the roof, you are going to lose the traditional indentation between the hood and windshield where you can hide the windshield wiper.
Personally, I don’t have much of problem with the wiper other than the fact that the auto mode works as bad as in other Tesla vehicles with vision-based automatic wipers.
The design also results in an extremely short overhang in the front, which means a relatively small front trunk or frunk. I was still able to fit two carry-on luggage after a few tries:
Frunks are so useful in electric pickup trucks because there’s no trunk and you don’t always keep the bed super clean.
The Cybertruck’s frunk is not huge due to the design resulting in a super short front overhand, but I was able to fit 2 carry-on luggages after a few tries: pic.twitter.com/eysKK3rdcr
— Fred Lambert (@FredericLambert) June 7, 2024
That’s certainly an area where the Cybertruck is lacking over the competition with Rivian R1 and the Ford Lightning both having much bigger frunks.
But the Cybertruck’s frunk is still useful and with the tonneau cover coming standard, the bed is still useful for everyday cargo that you want to keep clean.
Speaking of the bed, that’s probably where the Cybertruck’s design comes together the best.

The sides provide better aerodynamic performance, and you have the tonneau cover, which is super satisfying to use, as you can see in my video review, and also helps with aerodynamic performance.
At 6′ by 4′, the bed is useful, but the main downside is the shape of the sides, which means that some off-the-shelve pickup accessories won’t work and you will have to work with Tesla more to get some roof and bed accessories.
My favorite feature in the bed is the power outlets (two 120v and one 240v):

It is conveniently located on the left side of the bed near the tailgate.
Moving to the interior design, that’s where I think that Tesla had to compromise a lot to make the exterior shape of the Cybertruck work.
The first thing you notice is the dash, which looks as big as a twin bed. It looks odd, but it’s not really the problem. The problem is that it creates super long A pillars, which do create a blindspot on the driver’s side.

The small window in the middle does help a bit, but there were a few occasions at T intersections where I’d lose visibility on vehicles if there were a certain timing for them arriving at the intersection. Then, they would surprise me when turning.
The B pillars are also huge, but that’s not much of a problem, especially with the side cameras covering the blind spots.
For the rest of the interior, the design is solid. The all-glass roof looks awesome. The seats are comfortable. The UI is best-in-class, in my opinion – though I’m biased on that front since it’s similar to the one in my daily driver, my Model 3 Performance, which makes me quite used to it.
There’s a quick tour of the interior at 11:00 in my video review.
Cybertruck Driving Experience
That’s where the Cybertruck shines despite a few drawbacks. When I first sat in the truck, I couldn’t believe how small the steering wheel was. It didn’t even make sense in my head.

My feeling was that it had to do with the drive-by-wire with progressive steering.
Sure enough, it took some time to adapt, but once I’ve found good seat and steering wheel positions for me, I started to get it.
The steering is so responsive thanks to the progressive steering that the size of the wheel barely matters. In fact, the Cybertruck’s steering wheel could have been a joystick. Now that I think about it, it makes sense that many airplanes use a joystick, or a variation of it, to steer since they do use fly-by-wire.
The steering is my favorite thing about the Tesla Cybertruck. The wheel could have been a joystick. It’s that easy to drive.
I know it’s not for everyone. Some prefer more road feel, but I enjoy it a ton. pic.twitter.com/A2i6ycoRHX
— Fred Lambert (@FredericLambert) June 3, 2024
You do certainly lose some road feel, but I think it’s worth it for just how responsive the steering is in the Cybertruck. I hope Tesla brings this to other vehicles.
The steering combined with the vehicle’s electric powertrain with instant torque makes this 6,000 lbs vehicle feels like a much lighter, smaller vehicle.
Then, you combine all that with the rear-wheel steering making the turning radius equivalent to a Model S.

On top of all of this, I found the Cybertruck’s cabin to be extremely quiet, which to me is one of the main things that makes a vehicle feel luxurious.
It’s not all great with the driving experience though.
Some of the previously mentioned design constraints do negatively affect the driving experience, but none more than the rear-view mirror situation.
When you have the tonneau cover on, which you want to for aerodynamic reasons, the rear view mirror is useless other than to keep an eye on your kids in the back if you have some.

Instead, Tesla uses its rear camera and feeds it to the center display. I don’t get why Tesla is not at least offering a rear-view mirror that doubles as a screen and send the feed there. It’s an exciting technology and this is a $100,000 vehicle.
It would be a much better experience than having to look at the screen and taking some screen real estate there.
But the biggest downside to driving the Cybertruck right now, at least on the highway, is the lack of Autopilot. Tesla has been delivering these trucks for 6 months now and while they are all sold with Autopilot and Full Self-Driving included, Tesla has yet to adapt its ADAS systems to the truck yet.
The automaker says that it is working on it, but it’s not a priority since improvements to the existing system for other vehicles that exist in higher volumes are more impactful. Not a bad point, but you can’t use that excuse for so long when you are selling the features on these new trucks.
Cybertruck Range and Charging
The vehicle was showing about 318 miles (511 km) of range when full and I felt like I would be able to get something close to that in my travel in fairly good conditions in Washington if I was optimizing for range, but I was having some fun with the truck.
That result in getting an average of 429 Wh per mile:

That results in closer to 286 miles (460 km) of range
Of course, you can expect that range to drop significantly if you use some of the truck’s 11,000 lbs towing capacity. We previously reported on Cybertruck towing range tests.
It is a bit disappointing that the Cybertruck’s range announced at the original unveiling is only achievable through an upcoming additional battery pack that will fit in the back of the bed, but at the same time, I think it’s an interesting solution and I’m curious to see how it will be implemented and used by customers.
The bigger bummer for me is the Cybertruck’s charging capacity.
It does have a peak charge rate of 250 kW like Tesla’s other vehicles, but that charge rate drops much faster than in Tesla’s other vehicles, resulting in fairly long “fast-charging” sessions.
In my own experience, you can get 130 miles in just about 10-15 minutes at a Supercharger if you are at a low (<20%) state of charge, but the top 50% charge can take up an hour at Supercharger.
Tesla says that it is working on improving that charge curve through a software update. The automaker is talking about as much as a 20% improvement, which is much needed.
Electrek’s Take
Overall, I have a positive view of the Cybertruck. I love that Tesla was bold enough to finally bring a 48-volt architecture and steer-by-wire to a high-volume vehicle program.
In the long term, I think it will prove impactful on the entire industry.
I just don’t understand the decision to package it in this way. Like I previously reported, it feels like the Cybertruck is more of a marketing tool than a standalone vehicle program. You could argue that it is better as a tech test bed and marketing tool than anything else.
Some people love it and I’m not there to be a party pooper. I’m not one of those who judge for loving the way the truck looks.
But I do wonder if Tesla would have had a bigger impact on its mission if it had packaged this technology in a different-looking truck. I’m not saying that it has to look just like all other pickup trucks on the market. It could have still had stainless steel, a rugged look, but in a less dramatic form factor.
With all its incredible tech inside and a form factor easier to adopt, Tesla could have more easily gone after the huge pickup truck market, which is badly in need of electrification. That’s its mission, after all.
Instead, I now feel like the market is mostly existing Tesla owners who don’t even really need a truck, but they are getting one because Tesla is making this. I am sure some of them do need one, but I feel like there’s a lot of that going on.
Either way, the thing I loved the most about the Cybertruck was the smiles. It’s a smile-making machine. I couldn’t tell you how many times I saw people walking in the street looking at their phones and looking up after catching a glint of the sun reflecting on the Cybertruck.
The reaction was always the same: a big smile.
Now, as I said in the “attention grabber” section, this will likely fade as Tesla delivers hundreds of thousands of Cybertrucks over the next few years. People will get used to seeing them, and the smiles will fade.
However, I think the Cybertruck drivers will be the ones who keep smiling because it is such a fun vehicle to drive.
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Environment
E-quipment highlight: Perkins TracStar battery electric power unit
Published
3 hours agoon
July 14, 2025By
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The off-highway equipment experts at Perkins and McElroy have teamed up to develop a plug-and-play battery electric power unit designed to help equipment OEMs and upfitters to seamlessly transition from diesel to battery electric power.
Designed to occupy the same space as the companies’ diesel-engined power units, Perkins dropped its new battery power unit into the similarly new McElroy TracStar 900i pipe fusion machine (specialized equipment used to join thermoplastic pipes like HDPE or polypropylene by heat-welding them end-to-end to form a continuous length pf pipe).
Perkins’ battery electric power unit replaces the company’s proprietary 134 hp, 3.6 liter 904 Series Tier V diesel engine, enabling units that are already deployed to be quickly upgraded to electric power – and helping trade allies and development partners to easily retrofit existing equipment in order to add zero-emission options to their operational fleet.
“We’re actively helping customers navigate the shift in power system requirements, with a range of advanced power systems including electric, diesel-electric and alternative fuel compatible engines,” says Jaz Gill, vice president, global sales, marketing at Perkins. “When it comes to the innovative fully integrated battery electric power unit, it can be ‘dropped in’ to a machine to replace a diesel engine. The system consists of a Perkins battery along with inverters, motors and on-board chargers – all packaged up into a compact drop-in system to support seamless transition from diesel to electric for our customers looking to make that move.”
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McElroy believes that an electric, emissions-free power unit like this one will open new opportunities and applications for its customers.
“Their team has done a phenomenal job of integrating their battery electric system into our TracStar 900i,” explains McElroy President and CEO Chip McElroy. “We’re really excited to see what the market thinks about this concept.”
Development of the battery electric powered pipe fusion machine was completed in about nine months. Future Perkins-powered electric equipment running the 904 diesel (small excavators, telehandlers, pumps, and gensets) could be developed even more quickly. You can find out more in the company’s promo video, below.
Perkins electric power unit
SOURCE | IMAGES: McElroy, Perkins.
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Environment
Upcoming electric Bentley blends 1930s style with 2030s tech
Published
9 hours agoon
July 13, 2025By
admin

British ultra-luxe brand Bentley is teasing the upcoming, first-ever all electric model that will take it into the 2030s with a new concept car inspired by the iconic 1930 “Blue Train” Speed Six coupe – and it looks fantastic!
More than any other brand, Bentley was defined by its engine. For decades, in fact, the only meaningful mechanical difference between a Rolls-Royce and a Bentley was the 6.75L twin-turbocharged V8 engine under the flying B hood ornament.
That all changed at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Rolls-Royce was acquired by BMW, while Volkswagen took the reins at Bentley, setting both brands on distinct paths. Now, without its own engine, Bentley faces the challenge of proving to discerning buyers that its cars justify a premium over its mechanical cousins at VW, Audi, and Porsche. That’s why the company is looking to it pre-Rolls merger past, all the way back to the legendary 1930 “Blue Train” Speed Six coupe.
Bentley Blue Train EXP 15 concept

“Bentley’s then-chairman Woolf Barnato had a Speed Six four-door Weymann fabric saloon by H J Mulliner, which he used to race the Blue Train in 1930,” explains Darren Day, Bentley’s Head of Interior Design. “Meanwhile, he had a unique one-of-one Speed Six coupe being built, with a body by Gurney Nutting. Even though the coupe wasn’t finished when the race took place, it’s that car (the coupe) that’s become associated with it and has since become an iconic Bentley. What we were influenced by is the idea of a three-seat car with a unique window line and super slick proportions used for grand tours.”
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The EXP 15 concept car features a unique, three-door, three-passenger layout under a sweeping, dramatic roofline lifted from the 1930 tourer. “The seat can rotate and you step out, totally unflustered, not trying to clamber out of the car like you see with some supercars,” continued Day, before dropping the biggest hint yet as to who they’re building the car for. “You just get out with dignity and the Instagram shot is perfect.”
Bentley EXP 15 interior


While almost no technical specs have been revealed other than “full electric,” Bentley says its new concept’s innovative interior layout allows passengers to stretch out in comfort alongside accessible storage compartments that can house a bar, hand luggage, or even pets. The EXP 15 even offers tailgate seating for outdoor parties or suburban soccer games.
But, while the new concept is tall, Bentley hopes it manages to offer the commanding driving position and comfort of an SUV while giving off the “vibe” of a classic grand tourer – something Bentley thinks could be the next wave of the luxury car market.
“The beauty of a concept car is not just to position our new design language, but to test where the market’s going,” offers Robin Page, Bentley Director of Design. “It’s clear that SUVs are a growing segment and we understand the GT market … but the trickiest segment is the sedan because it’s changing. Some customers want a classic ‘three-box’ sedan shape, others a ‘one-box’ design, and others again something more elevated. So this was a chance for us to talk to people and get a feeling.”
As before: no specs, no range estimates, and no promises about if and nothing definitive about when the oft-promised all-electric Bentley will finally bow – but this is certain: when it does arrive, it will be big, brash, and fast.
Electrek’s Take


Now that SUVs are everywhere and in every segment, automakers are desperate to explore or open new niches, hoping to find that next “SUV-like” growth segment. As weird as the three-door, three-seat EXP 15’s interior layout is, you have to admit that it’s different. And, for a vehicle that spends 90% of its time with just one person inside it, it might be more than practical enough.
Let us know if you think Bentley has a winner, or just another concept car gimmick on its hands in the comments.
SOURCE | IMAGES: Bentley.

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Environment
In rare earth metals power struggle with China, old laptops, phones may get a new life
Published
13 hours agoon
July 13, 2025By
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A stack of old mobile phones are seen before recycling process in Kocaeli, Turkiye on October 14, 2024.
Anadolu | Anadolu | Getty Images
As the U.S. and China vie for economic, technological and geopolitical supremacy, the critical elements and metals embedded in technology from consumer to industrial and military markets have become a pawn in the wider conflict. That’s nowhere more so the case than in China’s leverage over the rare earth metals supply chain. This past week, the Department of Defense took a large equity stake in MP Materials, the company running the only rare earths mining operation in the U.S.
But there’s another option to combat the rare earths shortage that goes back to an older idea: recycling. The business has come a long way from collecting cans, bottles, plastic, newspaper and other consumer disposables, otherwise destined for landfills, to recreate all sorts of new products.
Today, next-generation recyclers — a mix of legacy companies and startups — are innovating ways to gather and process the ever-growing mountains of electronic waste, or e-waste, which comprises end-of-life and discarded computers, smartphones, servers, TVs, appliances, medical devices, and other electronics and IT equipment. And they are doing so in a way that is aligned to the newest critical technologies in society. Most recently, spent EV batteries, wind turbines and solar panels are fostering a burgeoning recycling niche.
The e-waste recycling opportunity isn’t limited to rare earth elements. Any electronics that can’t be wholly refurbished and resold, or cannibalized for replacement parts needed to keep existing electronics up and running, can berecycled to strip out gold, silver, copper, nickel, steel, aluminum, lithium, cobalt and other metals vital to manufacturers in various industries. But increasingly, recyclers are extracting rare-earth elements, such as neodymium, praseodymium, terbium and dysprosium, which are critical in making everything from fighter jets to power tools.
“Recycling [of e-waste] hasn’t been taken too seriously until recently” as a meaningful source of supply, said Kunal Sinha, global head of recycling at Swiss-based Glencore, a major miner, producer and marketer of metals and minerals — and, to a much lesser but growing degree, an e-waste recycler. “A lot of people are still sleeping at the wheel and don’t realize how big this can be,” Sinha said.
Traditionally, U.S. manufacturers purchase essential metals and rare earths from domestic and foreign producers — an inordinate number based in China — that fabricate mined raw materials, or through commodities traders. But with those supply chains now disrupted by unpredictable tariffs, trade policies and geopolitics, the market for recycled e-waste is gaining importance as a way to feed the insatiable electrification of everything.
“The United States imports a lot of electronics, and all of that is coming with gold and aluminum and steel,” said John Mitchell, president and CEO of the Global Electronics Association, an industry trade group. “So there’s a great opportunity to actually have the tariffs be an impetus for greater recycling in this country for goods that we don’t have, but are buying from other countries.”
With copper, other metals, ‘recycling is going to play huge role’
Although recycling contributes only around $200 million to Glencore’s total EBITDA of nearly $14 billion, the strategic attention and time the business gets from leadership “is much more than that percentage,” Sinha said. “We believe that a lot of mining is necessary to get to all the copper, gold and other metals that are needed, but we also recognize that recycling is going to play a huge role,” he said.
Glencore has operated a huge copper smelter in Quebec, Canada, for almost 20 years on a site that’s nearly 100-years-old. The facility processes mostly mined copper concentrates, though 15% of its feedstock is recyclable materials, such as e-waste that Glencore’s global network of 100-plus suppliers collect and sort. The smelter pioneered the process for recovering copper and precious metals from e-waste in the mid 1980s, making it one of the first and largest of its type in the world. The smelted copper is refined into fresh slabs that are sold to manufacturers and traders. The same facility also produces refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium recovered from recycling feeds.
The importance of copper to OEMs’ supply chains was magnified in early July, when prices hit an all-time high after President Trump said he would impose a 50% tariff on imports of the metal. The U.S. imports just under half of its copper, and the tariff hike — like other new Trump trade policies — is intended to boost domestic production.
Price of copper year-to-date 2025.
It takes around three decades for a new mine in the U.S. to move from discovery to production, which makes recycled copper look all the more attractive, especially as demand keeps rising. According to estimates by energy-data firm Wood Mackenzie, 45% of demand will be met with recycled copper by 2050, up from about a third today.
Foreign recycling companies have begun investing in the U.S.-based facilities. In 2022, Germany’s Wieland broke ground on a $100-million copper and copper alloy recycling plant in Shelbyville, Kentucky. Last year, another German firm, Aurubis, started construction on an $800-million multi-metal recycling facility in Augusta, Georgia.
“As the first major secondary smelter of its kind in the U.S., Aurubis Richmond will allow us to keep strategically important metals in the economy, making U.S. supply chains more independent,” said Aurubis CEO Toralf Haag.
Massive amounts of e-waste
The proliferation of e-waste can be traced back to the 1990s, when the internet gave birth to the digital economy, spawning exponential growth in electronically enabled products. The trend has been supercharged by the emergence of renewable energy, e-mobility, artificial intelligence and the build-out of data centers. That translates to a constant turnover of devices and equipment, and massive amounts of e-waste.
In 2022, a record 62 million metric tons of e-waste were produced globally, up 82% from 2010, according to the most recent estimates from the United Nations’ International Telecommunications Union and research arm UNITAR. That number is projected to reach 82 million metric tons by 2030.
The U.S., the report said, produced just shy of 8 million tons of e-waste in 2022. Yet only about 15-20% of it is properly recycled, a figure that illustrates the untapped market for e-waste retrievables. The e-waste recycling industry generated $28.1 billion in revenue in 2024, according to IBISWorld, with a projected compound annual growth rate of 8%.
Whether it’s refurbished and resold or recycled for metals and rare-earths, e-waste that stores data — especially smartphones, computers, servers and some medical devices — must be wiped of sensitive information to comply with cybersecurity and environmental regulations. The service, referred to as IT asset disposition (ITAD), is offered by conventional waste and recycling companies, including Waste Management, Republic Services and Clean Harbors, as well as specialists such as Sims Lifecycle Services, Electronic Recyclers International, All Green Electronics Recycling and Full Circle Electronics.
“We’re definitely seeing a bit of an influx of [e-waste] coming into our warehouses,” said Full Circle Electronics CEO Dave Daily, adding, “I think that is due to some early refresh cycles.”
That’s a reference to businesses and consumers choosing to get ahead of the customary three-year time frame for purchasing new electronics, and discarding old stuff, in anticipation of tariff-related price increases.
Daily also is witnessing increased demand among downstream recyclers for e-waste Full Circle Electronics can’t refurbish and sell at wholesale. The company dismantles and separates it into 40 or 50 different types of material, from keyboards and mice to circuit boards, wires and cables. Recyclers harvest those items for metals and rare earths, which continue to go up in price on commodities markets, before reentering the supply chain as core raw materials.
Even before the Trump administration’s efforts to revitalize American manufacturing by reworking trade deals, and recent changes in tax credits key to the industry in Trump’s tax and spending bill, entrepreneurs have been launching e-waste recycling startups and developing technologies to process them for domestic OEMs.
“Many regions of the world have been kind of lazy about processing e-waste, so a lot of it goes offshore,” Sinha said. In response to that imbalance, “There seems to be a trend of nationalizing e-waste, because people suddenly realize that we have the same metals [they’ve] been looking for” from overseas sources, he said. “People have been rethinking the global supply chain, that they’re too long and need to be more localized.”
China commands 90% of rare earth market
Several startups tend to focus on a particular type of e-waste. Lately, rare earths have garnered tremendous attention, not just because they’re in high demand by U.S. electronics manufacturers but also to lessen dependence on China, which dominates mining, processing and refining of the materials. In the production of rare-earth magnets — used in EVs, drones, consumer electronics, medical devices, wind turbines, military weapons and other products — China commands roughly 90% of the global supply chain.
The lingering U.S.–China trade war has only exacerbated the disparity. In April, China restricted exports of seven rare earths and related magnets in retaliation for U.S. tariffs, a move that forced Ford to shut down factories because of magnet shortages. China, in mid-June, issued temporary six-month licenses to certain major U.S. automaker suppliers and select firms. Exports are flowing again, but with delays and still well below peak levels.
The U.S. is attempting to catch up. Before this past week’s Trump administration deal, the Biden administration awarded $45 million in funding to MP Materials and the nation’s lone rare earths mine, in Mountain Pass, California. Back in April, the Interior Department approved development activities at the Colosseum rare earths project, located within California’s Mojave National Preserve. The project, owned by Australia’s Dateline Resources, will potentially become America’s second rare earth mine after Mountain Pass.
A wheel loader takes ore to a crusher at the MP Materials rare earth mine in Mountain Pass, California, U.S. January 30, 2020. Picture taken January 30, 2020.
Steve Marcus | Reuters
Meanwhile, several recycling startups are extracting rare earths from e-waste. Illumynt has an advanced process for recovering them from decommissioned hard drives procured from data centers. In April, hard drive manufacturer Western Digital announced a collaboration with Microsoft, Critical Materials Recycling and PedalPoint Recycling to pull rare earths, as well as copper, gold, aluminum and steel, from end-of-life drives.
Canadian-based Cyclic Materials invented a process that recovers rare-earths and other metals from EV motors, wind turbines, MRI machines and data-center e-scrap. The company is investing more than $20 million to build its first U.S.-based facility in Mesa, Arizona. Late last year, Glencore signed a multiyear agreement with Cyclic to provide recycled copper for its smelting and refining operations.
Another hot feedstock for e-waste recyclers is end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, a source of not only lithium but also copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese and aluminum. Those materials are essential for manufacturing new EV batteries, which the Big Three automakers are heavily invested in. Their projects, however, are threatened by possible reductions in the Biden-era 45X production tax credit, featured in the new federal spending bill.
It’s too soon to know how that might impact battery recyclers — including Ascend Elements, American Battery Technology, Cirba Solutions and Redwood Materials — who themselves qualify for the 45X and other tax credits. They might actually be aided by other provisions in the budget bill that benefit a domestic supply chain of critical minerals as a way to undercut China’s dominance of the global market.
Nonetheless, that looming uncertainty should be a warning sign for e-waste recyclers, said Sinha. “Be careful not to build a recycling company on the back of one tax credit,” he said, “because it can be short-lived.”
Investing in recyclers can be precarious, too, Sinha said. While he’s happy to see recycling getting its due as a meaningful source of supply, he cautions people to be careful when investing in this space. Startups may have developed new technologies, but lack good enough business fundamentals. “Don’t invest on the hype,” he said, “but on the fundamentals.”
Glencore, ironically enough, is a case in point. It has invested $327.5 million in convertible notes in battery recycler Li-Cycle to provide feedstock for its smelter. The Toronto-based startup had broken ground on a new facility in Rochester, New York, but ran into financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection in May, prompting Glencore to submit a “stalking horse” credit bid of at least $40 million for the stalled project and other assets.
Even so, “the current environment will lead to more startups and investments” in e-waste recycling, Sinha said. “We are investing ourselves.”

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