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Jun 14 2024 University of Gothenburg

Children are very stressed by anesthetics injected into the mouth before tooth extraction, in connection with orthodontic treatment. In a study from the University of Gothenburg, a technique was tested to monitor stress levels in 14-16-year-olds during dental treatment.

The results of the pilot study are presented during the ongoing congress of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) in Gothenburg. The purpose of the study is well aligned with the focus of the gathered expertise in the field: treating children with sensitivity.

The study was led by Larisa Krekmanova, a researcher in pediatric dentistry, pedodontics, at Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg and a pedadontist within Region Västra Götaland's public dental service.

"Child and adolescent patients aren't always able or confident enough to convey negative experiences during dental treatment. Parallel to this, we know that a significant number of them find dental exams and invasive treatment stressful, whether this is due to fear or pain," she notes. We want to uncover this silent stress, a type of stress that's difficult to detect and can remain hidden. This research aims is to increase practitioners' sensitivity and raise patient voices."

Larisa Krekmanova, researcher in pediatric dentistry, pedodontics, at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Movements and sweating monitored

The study included 34 patients, aged 14-16 years, who were to undergo either a regular dental exam (20 patients) or invasive treatment (14 patients) involving anesthetic injections and the extraction of healthy molars, often over several appointments, in conjunction with orthodontic treatment.
During treatment, the participants were fitted with a device on one of their hands to collect data on hand movements and hand sweating, measured via the electrical properties of the skin, known as electrodermal activity or galvanic skin response.

The results show that the participants who underwent regular dental exams exhibited scattered stress spikes while those who underwent invasive treatment were significantly more stressed for longer periods, all following a clear pattern. Anesthetic injection most stressful

Some stress was already recorded when the patient had the dentist's fingers in their mouth and was examined with a mirror. However, these stress levels skyrocketed when anesthesia was administered. To some extent when anesthetic gel was applied, but especially when local anesthetic was injected. This is when hand movements and sweating peaked. During the actual tooth extraction, the hand movements lessened somewhat while the heavy sweating continued. Related StoriesMultiple general anesthesia exposure does not compromise brain function in young children, study findsHigh-flow oxygen technique equally safe as traditional anesthesia in pediatric tubeless airway surgeryThousands of children got tested for lead with faulty devices: What parents should know

The technical devices used for this pilot study are from the world of sport. Responsible for the technical application in the study is Christian Jonasson, a researcher specialized in sensor systems at Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE. Another key member of the research group is Claudia Jaldin, a dentist at the public dental service clinic in Kvillebäcken, Gothenburg, who carried out the treatment.

"Children and adolescents are most afraid of invasive interventions, and we now have a picture of the stress caused by these various interventions. Moving forward, the ability to use the device in real time would help practitioners to monitor stress levels, and to perhaps pause for remedial measures before continuing treatment. Within dental care, when it comes to fear and pain, it's important to work preventively with children and adolescents," she says. 

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University of Gothenburg

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Canes bench G Andersen; Kochetkov to start G3

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Canes bench G Andersen; Kochetkov to start G3

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. — The Carolina Hurricanes are benching starter Frederik Andersen for Game 3 of the Eastern Conference finals.

Backup Pyotr Kochetkov, who replaced Andersen for the third period of their 5-0 loss to the Florida Panthers in Thursday’s Game 2, will get the start. Florida holds a 2-0 series lead over Carolina with Game 3 scheduled for Saturday night in Sunrise.

“Just change the vibe a little bit. I don’t blame Freddie for any of the goals that went in. Obviously, save percentage isn’t great, if you look at that. We do need some saves,” coach Rod Brind’Amour said.

Before Game 1 against Florida, Andersen had allowed only 12 goals in nine playoff games for a .937 save percentage and a 1.36 goals-against average. But in two games against Florida, Andersen has given up nine goals on 36 shots, a .750 save percentage and a 5.54 GAA.

Defenseman Jaccob Slavin had nothing but praise for Andersen on the morning of Game 3, minutes before Brind’Amour announced the goalie change.

“He’s a stone wall back there. He has been all year, He’s a calm presence, and he’s not going to go out outside of his game to try to do anything crazy. So that gives a huge confidence,” Slavin said.

Kochetkov gave up one goal on five shots faced in Game 2. He saw action in the Hurricanes’ first-round win over the New Jersey Devils after Andersen was injured in a collision with Devils forward Timo Meier, giving up five goals on 50 shots in two Carolina victories.

Overall, Kochetkov has appeared in nine career playoff games with a save percentage of .871 and a 3.52 GAA.

Kochetkov saw the majority of the starts in the regular season for the Hurricanes, going 27-16-3 in 47 starts with a .898 save percentage and a 2.60 GAA.

The change comes as the Hurricanes desperately try to get back into a series in which the Panthers have outscored them 10-2. But there are other lineup considerations for Carolina. Brind’Amour said defensemen Jalen Chatfield and Sean Walker are both game-time decisions. Chatfield has yet to appear in the conference finals with an undisclosed injury. Walker was shaken up in Game 2 on a hit from Florida forward A.J. Greer.

Center Jesperi Kotkaniemi, who was a healthy scratch in Game 2, is expected back in the Hurricanes’ lineup.

Puck drop for Game 3 of the East finals is 8 p.m. ET.

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Panthers’ Reinhart out for Game 3 vs. Hurricanes

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Panthers' Reinhart out for Game 3 vs. Hurricanes

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. — Florida Panthers forward Sam Reinhart will miss Game 3 of the Eastern Conference finals with a lower body injury.

The Panthers lead the Carolina Hurricanes 2-0, with the action shifting to Sunrise on Saturday at 8 p.m. ET.

Reinhart was Florida’s leading scorer in the regular season with 81 points in 79 games, including a team-high 39 goals. He is a finalist for the Selke Trophy, awarded to the best defensive forward in the NHL. Reinhart scored 57 goals for the Panthers in 2023-24 to earn an eight-year, $69 million contract extension.

He left the Panthers’ 5-0 win in Game 2 on Thursday after a first-period hit by Hurricanes center Sebastian Aho as Reinhart carried the puck into the offensive zone. Aho appeared to make contact with Reinhart’s left knee. Reinhart’s last shift ended with 2:08 left in the first period.

Reinhart underwent testing Friday and was ruled out by coach Paul Maurice on Saturday. Maurice listed him as day-to-day after the Panthers’ morning skate.

The 29-year-old has 11 points in 14 playoff games, skating on the team’s top line with captain Aleksander Barkov and Evan Rodrigues. Reinhart was second on the Panthers with 10 goals during their Stanley Cup championship run in 2024.

Maurice said Reinhart is “a significant player” out of the lineup, one who contributes to the power play and penalty kill.

Forward Jesper Boqvist will draw into Reinhart’s spot alongside Barkov. The 26-year-old has one goal and one assist in nine playoff games this season but has averaged just 8:52 in ice time.

Florida defenseman Aaron Ekblad said the Panthers have plenty of experience picking up the slack for players who are out of their lineup. Florida had only 12 players who played at least 76 games in the regular season.

“Not necessarily losing Rhino, but up and down the line of losing guys. It’s never easy, but it’s a team effort and has always been there for us. Not replace him, because he’s irreplaceable, but do our best,” Ekblad said.

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U.S. routs Sweden to reach hockey worlds final

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U.S. routs Sweden to reach hockey worlds final

STOCKHOLM — The United States beat Sweden 6-2 to advance to the final of the ice hockey world championship Saturday.

In Sunday’s final, the U.S. will play either Switzerland or Denmark, who meet in the other semifinal later Saturday.

The U.S. jumped to a 2-0 lead with a dominant display in the opening period, outshooting the Swedes 13-3.

Brady Skjei put the Americans ahead 6:52 into the game with a shot from the blue line that went through heavy traffic in front of goaltender Jacob Markstrom.

Cutter Gauthier doubled the advantage with 2:47 remaining, picking up the puck after a shot by Shane Pinto was blocked and directing it into the net between Markstrom’s pads.

Gauthier was born in Skelleftea, Sweden, in 2004 when his father, a goaltender, played for a local team.

Conor Garland added a third with 8:53 to go in the second by knocking in a rebound. Mikey Eyssimont made it 4-0 on a 4-on-2 rush from the right circle.

Samuel Ersson replaced Markstrom in the Swedish net at the start of the final period.

William Nylander scored the first for Sweden 6:32 into the third period, and Elias Lindholm scored another 41 seconds later to give Sweden some hope at 4-2.

But defenseman Jackson LaCombe beat Ersson for the fifth U.S. goal with 8:51 to go, and Shane Pinto finished it off into an empty net to complete a three-point game after assisting on the opening two goals.

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