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The chief executive of Lloyds Banking Group – the UK’s biggest lender – has warned whoever wins the general election that they will not be able to fuel growth by increasing government borrowing.

Charlie Nunn said the UK’s national debt had been forced higher in the last decade and a half due to “massive shocks” such as the global financial crisis, the pandemic, the war in Ukraine and also by some issues specific to the UK economy.

Limits on investment

And, speaking exclusively to Sky News, he said this would limit the next government’s ability to invest.

He said: “We have increased the government debt ratio for the UK. And…we should just accept the government can’t pay its way out of this next stage.

“The US in the last few years has gone up to a… 7.5% government [deficit] to GDP ratio. The US can do that because it’s growing at above 3%, but also it’s [the US dollar] the world’s reserve currency.

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“We don’t have those options in the UK – but what we do need is a really clear plan and set of priorities for the UK. And then…we need to find the right way of getting the very material amount of private money, international and domestic, that is excited about investing in the UK to invest alongside government.

The biggest challenge

“I think we can create that positive momentum for investment in jobs and business growth. And then that will feed through into the economy. That has to be the unlock from these three or four very systemic shocks that the UK economy has experienced in the last 16 years.”

Mr Nunn, who has served on both Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s business council and the British Infrastructure Council launched by the shadow chancellor Rachel Reeves, said this would be the biggest challenge for the next administration.

He added: “When you look at the next few years for the next government, the real issue is how are we going to get investment into the economy – and that investment isn’t going to come from the government. It’s going to have to be crowding in international foreign direct investment, leveraging the banking system to really support customers, investing in their businesses and creating jobs and employment in growth and then supporting other financial institutions and pools of capital like pension funds for that investment.

“So the real focus has to be how do we get some growth going and how do we bring in private money alongside the government to make that difference? And that’s what will give the best outcome for the country, but also the government’s own finances.”

‘Very high’ business sentiment

Mr Nunn, who said business sentiment was “actually very high” at present, said a clear government plan and set of priorities could unlock three things.

He went on: “The first is we need to get more private, both domestically and international investment into the UK to support growth, and that needs to come with some supply-side reforms.

The second is housing. Housing really is an important topic for the UK, from social housing all the way through affordable housing and in the broader housing market. We think you need a 10-year plan to unlock the housing investment that would be needed to really make a difference.

“And then the third thing that we think that could make a difference is focusing on long-term savings and investments, both building financial resilience for businesses and consumers in the UK, but also then how we use those savings, those savings pots, to invest back in the UK economy.

“We think there’s opportunity to do more.”

General view of signage at a branch of Lloyds bank, in London, Britain October 31, 2021. REUTERS/Tom Nicholson
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Pic: Reuters

Investors looking for ‘stability and a plan’

Lloyds is the owner of Halifax, the UK’s biggest mortgage lender, as well as being the UK’s biggest current account provider and one of its biggest players in business banking and credit cards and owner of the life and pensions giant Scottish Widows.

Mr Nunn said that, as chief executive, he met many businesses and was clear what they wanted from the next government.

He went on: “I spend a lot of time with entrepreneurs across the UK, but also big international finance houses, whether they’re pension funds or institutions looking to invest in the UK. The first thing that’s consistent across them is they’re looking for stability and a plan.

“And I think that’s the first thing for a new government, which is to provide that stability and to provide thinking, in some of these areas around infrastructure and housing, which is 10 years thinking not shorter-term thinking. So that’s the first thing they’re looking for.

“The second big theme, which is really consistent, is there are some supply-side issues… which are getting in the way of businesses getting a return on their investments. And obviously, there’s been good discussion around planning around connectivity to the [electricity] grid, around skills. Those are the three topics that businesses always identify.

‘Two to four times longer to get a return on UK investment’

“And what does it mean for investors, whether it’s a business or international investor? Typically, they’ll tell you it takes two to four times longer to get a return on your investment in the UK than it does in other countries of the world. And that’s really where we need to focus.”

Interest rates

Mr Nunn, who in August will mark his third anniversary as chief executive of the black horse bank, said the interest rate cuts from the Bank of England expected later this year would be “beneficial” – but warned homeowners not to expect a return to the ultra-low interest rates seen for most of the last 16 years.

He added: “Of course, the short-term impact of interest rates is going to impact, first of all, the government on the cost of government debt. That will be important. And secondly, it’ll make the cost of borrowing for businesses short term more attractive…that’ll be important.

“In terms of the impact on the broader consumer in the UK, it’ll take longer to feed through. Around mortgages specifically, we’ve just come off a decade where mortgages have been in the 1.5-2.5% range.

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“The expectations the market have is that interest rates probably won’t get below 3.5%. And that means mortgages, or the new normal for mortgages, will be in that 3.5-4.5% range, not 1.5-2.5%.

“So there is going to be a higher cost of borrowing in the economy, probably based on what we can see happening at the moment.

“But a reduction in rates will be good for the government’s own capacity to invest and will support the economy and it should be good for business.”

Bank of England proposals

Mr Nunn also questioned proposals for the Bank of England to pay no interest to banks on the reserves they have deposited at the Bank of England – a measure that Reform UK has claimed could raise £40bn that could be used to cut taxes.

The Lloyds chief executive said: “Obviously that will be a political decision and not one that we’ll get directly involved with. The statement from the governor of the Bank of England was an important one in this context…he wouldn’t support it because it would start to undermine monetary policy and specifically how…interest rates feed through into the economy, through the commercial banks, through organisations like Lloyds Banking Group.

“I think that’s a really important consideration. In terms of the quantum of impact, there are various estimates out there, but I think the quantum of impact that’s been talked about is significantly more than I think would be realistic. And so it will be a political choice.

But you really need to look at the integrity of what the Bank of England does and whether or not monetary policy works effectively in the economy.”

Growth through financial regulation

Mr Nunn also said there was an opportunity for a new government to boost the economy through financial regulation, building on the new objectives recently set for financial regulators by the current government, which obliged the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority to enable competitiveness and growth both for the banking sector and the UK economy as a whole.

Stressing he was not calling for a return to the looser regulation seen prior to the financial crisis, he added: “There are choices about how do we help customers take the right level of risk…how do businesses and entrepreneurs take the right level of risk and what can financial services do safely to support that?

“When I look at what the UK is doing relative to other countries, we haven’t had that as a really clear objective and I think there’s more we can do that can untap opportunities for businesses, for families in the UK, over the coming years.”

He said the US and Canada could be a good template for the UK in that respect.

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Poundland owner drafts in advisers amid discounter crisis

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Poundland owner drafts in advisers amid discounter crisis

The owner of Poundland, one of Britain’s biggest discount retailers, has drafted in City advisers to explore radical options for arresting the growing crisis at the chain.

Sky News has learnt that Pepco Group, which has owned Poundland since 2016, has hired consultants from AlixPartners to address a sales slump which has raised questions over its future ownership.

City sources said this weekend that the crisis would prompt Pepco to explore more fundamental for Poundland, including a formal restructuring process that could prompt significant store closures, or even an attempt to sell the business.

AlixPartners is understood to have been formally engaged last week, with options including a company voluntary arrangement or restructuring plan said to have been floated by a range of advisers on a highly preliminary basis.

Sources close to the group said no decisions had been taken, and that the immediate focus was on improving Poundland’s cash performance and reviving the chain’s customer proposition.

A sale process was not under way, they added.

Poundland trades from 825 stores across the UK, competing with the likes of Home Bargains, B&M and Poundstretcher, as well as Britain’s major supermarket chains.

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Last year, the British discounter recorded roughly €2bn of sales.

It employs roughly 18,000 people.

Earlier this week, Pepco Group, the Warsaw-listed retail giant which also trades as Pepco and Dealz in Europe, said Poundland had seen a like-for-like sales slump of 7.3% during the Christmas trading period.

In its trading statement, Pepco said that Poundland had suffered “a more difficult sales environment and consumer backdrop in the UK, alongside margin pressure and an increasingly higher operating cost environment”.

“We expect that the toughest comparative quarter for Poundland is now behind us – the same quarter last year represented a period prior to the changes made within our clothing and GM [general merchandise] ranges – and therefore, we expect the negative sales performance for Poundland to moderate as we move through the year.”

It added that Poundland would not increase the size of its store portfolio on a net basis during the course of this year.

“We are continuing a comprehensive assessment of Poundland to recover trading and get the business back to its core strengths, including undertaking a thorough assessment of all costs across the business, as well as evaluating its overall competitive positioning,” it added.

The appointment of AlixPartners came several weeks after Stephan Borchert, the Pepco Group chief executive, said he would consider “every strategic option” for reviving Poundland’s performance.

He is expected to set out formal plans for the future of Poundland, along with the rest of the group, at a capital markets day in Poland on 6 March.

Among the measures the company has already taken to halt the chain’s declining performance have been to increase the range of FMCG and general merchandise products sold at its traditional £1 price-point.

Poundland’s crisis contrasts with the health of the rest of the group, with Pepco and Dealz both showing strong sales growth.

A spokesman for Pepco Group, which has a market capitalisation equivalent to about £1.7bn, declined to comment further on the appointment of advisers

AlixPartners also declined to comment.

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FTSE 100 closes at record high

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FTSE 100 closes at record high

The UK’s benchmark stock index has reached another record high.

The FTSE 100 index of most valuable companies on the London Stock Exchange closed at 8,505.69, breaking the record set last May.

It had already broken its intraday high at 8532.58 on Friday afternoon, meaning it reached a high not seen before during trading hours.

Money blog: Major boost for mortgage holders

The weakened pound has boosted many of the 100 companies forming the top-flight index.

Why is this happening?

Most are not based in the UK, so a less valuable pound means their sterling-priced shares are cheaper to buy for people using other currencies, typically US dollars.

This makes the shares better value, prompting more to be bought. This greater demand has brought up the prices and the FTSE 100.

The pound has been hovering below $1.22 for much of Friday. It’s steadily fallen from being worth $1.34 in late September.

Also spurring the new record are market expectations for more interest rate cuts in 2025, something which would make borrowing cheaper and likely kickstart spending.

What is the FTSE 100?

The index is made up of many mining and international oil and gas companies, as well as household name UK banks and supermarkets.

Familiar to a UK audience are lenders such as Barclays, Natwest, HSBC and Lloyds and supermarket chains Tesco, Marks & Spencer and Sainsbury’s.

Other well-known names include Rolls-Royce, Unilever, easyJet, BT Group and Next.

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FTSE stands for Financial Times Stock Exchange.

If a company’s share price drops significantly it can slip outside of the FTSE 100 and into the larger and more UK-based FTSE 250 index.

The inverse works for the FTSE 250 companies, the 101st to 250th most valuable firms on the London Stock Exchange. If their share price rises significantly they could move into the FTSE 100.

A good close for markets

It’s a good end of the week for markets, entirely reversing the rise in borrowing costs that plagued Chancellor Rachel Reeves for the past ten days.

Fears of long-lasting high borrowing costs drove speculation she would have to cut spending to meet self-imposed fiscal rules to balance the budget and bring down debt by 2030.

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They Treasury tries to calm market nerves late last week

Long-term government borrowing had reached a high not seen since 1998 while the benchmark 10-year cost of government borrowing, as measured by 10-year gilt yields, was at levels last seen around the 2008 financial crisis.

The gilt yield is effectively the interest rate investors demand to lend money to the UK government.

Only the pound has yet to recover the losses incurred during the market turbulence. Without that dropped price, however, the FTSE 100 record may not have happened.

Also acting to reduce sterling value is the chance of more interest rates. Currencies tend to weaken when interest rates are cut.

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Trump tariff threat prompts IMF warning ahead of inauguration

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Trump tariff threat prompts IMF warning ahead of inauguration

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned against the prospects of a renewed US-led trade war, just days before Donald Trump prepares to begin his second term in the White House.

The world’s lender of last resort used the latest update to its World Economic Outlook (WEO) to lay out a series of consequences for the global outlook in the event Mr Trump carries out his threat to impose tariffs on all imports into the United States.

Canada, Mexico, and China have been singled out for steeper tariffs that could be announced within hours of Monday’s inauguration.

Mr Trump has been clear he plans to pick up where he left off in 2021 by taxing goods coming into the country, making them more expensive, in a bid to protect US industry and jobs.

He has denied reports that a plan for universal tariffs is set to be watered down, with bond markets recently reflecting higher domestic inflation risks this year as a result.

While not calling out Mr Trump explicitly, the key passage in the IMF’s report nevertheless cautioned: “An intensification of protectionist policies… in the form of a new wave of tariffs, could exacerbate trade tensions, lower investment, reduce market efficiency, distort trade flows, and again disrupt supply chains.

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Trump’s threat of tariffs explained

“Growth could suffer in both the near and medium term, but at varying degrees across economies.”

In Europe, the EU has reason to be particularly worried about the prospect of tariffs, as the bulk of its trade with the US is in goods.

The majority of the UK’s exports are in services rather than physical products.

The IMF’s report also suggested that the US would likely suffer the least in the event that a new wave of tariffs was enacted due to underlying strengths in the world’s largest economy.

Read more: What Trump’s tariffs could mean for rest of the world

The WEO contained a small upgrade to the UK growth forecast for 2025.

It saw output growth of 1.6% this year – an increase on the 1.5% figure it predicted in October.

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What has Trump done since winning?

Economists see public sector investment by the Labour government providing a boost to growth but a more uncertain path for contributions from the private sector given the budget’s £25bn tax raid on businesses.

Business lobby groups have widely warned of a hit to investment, pay and jobs from April as a result, while major employers, such as retailers, have been most explicit on raising prices to recover some of the hit.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves said of the IMF’s update: “The UK is forecast to be the fastest growing major European economy over the next two years and the only G7 economy, apart from the US, to have its growth forecast upgraded for this year.

“I will go further and faster in my mission for growth through intelligent investment and relentless reform, and deliver on our promise to improve living standards in every part of the UK through the Plan for Change.”

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