In a dusty square at the centre of the small Chadian town of Tiné, four aid trucks are crammed with medicine and food.
Supplies sent to relieve civilians trapped in a besieged and famine-ridden area of North Darfur, Sudan – just across a narrow valley border – have been sitting in the sun for weeks.
“These trucks have been here for two months. They have humanitarian supplies – food and medicine – going to North Darfur. We can’t go in because of security risks on the road,” says truck driver Mohamed.
The national war that broke out between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in April last year moved to North Darfur’s capital Al Fashir in May.
After Darfur’s four other state capitals fell to the RSF, the paramilitary group (born from the Arab Janjaweed militias that ravaged the region in the early 2000s) is fighting for full territorial control.
But trapped in the crossfire of persistent RSF shelling and army airstrikes, the residents of Al Fashir are in dire need of the food and medicine stacked at the back of these static trucks.
Famine was declared in Zamzam camp just 12km south of the city where thousands have fled for their safety.
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“The Sudanese people are suffering so much – especially now in the rainy season on top of the conflict. People need this medicine and aid,” says Mohamed, sitting in the shadow of a truck carrying cooking oil, rice, and other food.
His wife and two children are among the besieged in Al Fashir. Despite the long wait and risk of attack, he is determined to get these supplies to his family and community.
His truck is emblazoned with US AID, Relief International and other aid agency stickers but recognisable humanitarian logos haven’t stopped other truck drivers from being attacked by militiamen on the road.
Since the start of the war, aid warehouses and convoys have been frequently ambushed and looted by the RSF.
“So many trucks of medicine and aid have crossed into Sudan when the valley was dry but have not been able to push in any further because drivers are being attacked and held by the RSF,” he says.
Around 110 miles south of Tiné, some UN trucks have finally made it through the Adre crossing bordering RSF-held West Darfur after a ban issued by the Sudanese government on aid entering enemy territory in February was lifted for three months.
But security stipulations on aid access issued by Sudan’s Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC) – seen by Sky News – mean that a single looting incident by the RSF could mean the ban will be imposed again.
“The RSF only wants aid to go through the Adre border for reasons only they know – this is the straightest route to North Darfur. They don’t want anything to go into North Darfur and accuse truck drivers of transporting supplies to the army,” says Mohamed.
Recent US-led peace talks in Geneva failed to bring the two fighting factions to the mediation table. The conflict has now gone on for more than five hundred days – without a single ceasefire or consistent aid access – creating one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world.
Even after people flee the onslaught of armed violence and encroaching famine, they suffer in the scarce refugee camps of Chad.
“We don’t have covers, mattresses, mats – none of the usual aid supplies – not even a lamp to light our tents,” says Firdous Suliman from Al Fashir. Her brothers are still trapped there.
“There is no food distribution. Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) only started providing healthcare and clean water recently,” she adds.
Firdous is fuming as she rattles off a list of all the supplies they are yet to receive.
She is surrounded by other angry women in Toloum camp in Iriba, Chad, hours after protests demanding food and camp representation were met with a heavy-handed response by the Chadian authorities.
“They beat us with rifles and tear-gassed us,” says Firdous, tears filling the corners of her eyes.
A body has been recovered from a South African mine after police cut off basic supplies in an effort to force around 4,000 illegal miners to resurface.
The body has emerged from the closed gold mine in the northwest town of Stilfontein a day after South Africa’s government said it would not help the illegal miners.
Around 20 people have surfaced from the mineshaft this week as police wait nearby to arrest all those appearing from underground.
It comes a day after a cabinet minister said the government was trying to “smoke them [the miners] out”.
The move is part of the police’s “Close the Hole” operation, whereby officers cut off supplies of food, water and other basic necessities to get those who have entered illegally to come out.
Local reports suggest the supply routes were cut off at the mine around two months ago, with relatives of the miners seen in the area as the stand-off continues.
A decomposed body was brought up on Thursday, with pathologists on the scene, police spokesperson Athlenda Mathe said.
It comes after South African cabinet minister Khumbudzo Ntshavheni told reporters on Wednesday that the government would not send any help to the illegal miners, known in the country as zama zamas, because they are involved in a criminal act.
“We are not sending help to criminals. We are going to smoke them out. They will come out. Criminals are not to be helped; criminals are to be prosecuted. We didn’t send them there,” Ms Ntshavheni said.
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Senior police and defence officials are expected to visit the area on Friday to “reinforce the government’s commitment to bringing this operation to a safe and lawful conclusion”, according to a media advisory from the police.
In the last few weeks, over 1,000 miners have surfaced at various mines in South Africa’s North West province, where police have cut off supplies.
Many of the miners were reported to be weak, hungry and sickly after going for weeks without basic supplies.
Illegal mining remains common in South Africa’s old gold-mining areas, with miners going into closed shafts to dig for any possible remaining deposits.
The illegal miners are often from neighbouring countries, and police say the illegal operations involve larger syndicates that employ the miners.
Their presence in closed mines has also created problems with nearby communities, which complain that the illegal miners commit crimes ranging from robberies to rape.
Illegal mining groups are known to be heavily armed and disputes between rival groups sometimes result in fatal confrontations.
In the courtyard of a farmhouse now home to soldiers of the Ukrainian army’s 47th mechanised brigade, I’m introduced to a weary-looking unit by their commander Captain Oleksandr “Sasha” Shyrshyn.
We are about 10km from the border with Russia, and beyond it lies the Kursk region Ukraine invaded in the summer – and where this battalion is now fighting.
The 47th is a crack fighting assault unit.
They’ve been brought to this area from the fierce battles in the country’s eastern Donbas region to bolster Ukrainian forces already here.
Captain Shyrshyn explains that among the many shortages the military has to deal with, the lack of infantry is becoming a critical problem.
Sasha is just 30 years old, but he is worldly-wise. He used to run an organisation helping children in the country’s east before donning his uniform and going to war.
He is famous in Ukraine and is regarded as one of the country’s top field commanders, who isn’t afraid to express his views on the war and how it’s being waged.
His nom de guerre is ‘Genius’, a nickname given to him by his men.
‘Don’t worry, it’s not a minefield’
Sasha invited me to see one of the American Bradley fighting vehicles his unit uses.
We walk down a muddy lane before he says it’s best to go cross-country.
“We can go that way, don’t worry it’s not a minefield,” he jokes.
He leads us across a muddy field and into a forest where the vehicle is hidden from Russian surveillance drones that try to hunt both American vehicles and commanders.
Sasha shows me a picture of the house they had been staying in only days before – it was now completely destroyed after a missile strike.
Fortunately, neither he, nor any of his men, were there at the time.
“They target commanders,” he says with a smirk.
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It takes me a moment or two to realise we are only a few steps away from the Bradley, dug in and well hidden beneath the trees.
Sasha tells me the Bradley is the finest vehicle he has ever used.
A vehicle so good, he says, it’s keeping the Ukrainian army going in the face of Russia’s overwhelming numbers of soldiers.
He explains: “Almost all our work on the battlefield is cooperation infantry with the Bradley. So we use it for evacuations, for moving people from one place to another, as well as for fire-covering.
“This vehicle is very safe and has very good characteristics.”
Billions of dollars in military aid has been given to Ukraine by the United States, and this vehicle is one of the most valuable assets the US has provided.
Ukraine is running low on men to fight, and the weaponry it has is not enough, especially if it can’t fire long-range missiles into Russia itself – which it is currently not allowed to do.
Sasha says: “We have a lack of weapons, we have a lack of artillery, we have a lack of infantry, and as the world doesn’t care about justice, and they don’t want to finish the war by our win, they are afraid of Russia.
“I’m sorry but they’re scared, they’re scared, and it’s not the right way.”
Like pretty much everyone in Ukraine, Sasha is waiting to see what the US election result will mean for his country.
He is sceptical about a deal with Russia.
“Our enemy only understands the language of power. And you cannot finish the war in 24 hours, or during the year without hard decisions, without a fight, so it’s impossible. It’s just talking without results,” he tells me.
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These men expect the fierce battles inside Kursk to intensify in the coming days.
Indeed, alongside the main supply route into Kursk, workers are already building new defensive positions – unfurling miles of razor wire and digging bunkers for the Ukrainian army if it finds itself in retreat.
Sasha and his men are realistic about support fatigue from the outside world but will keep fighting to the last if they have to.
“I understand this is only our problem, it’s only our issue, and we have to fight this battle, like we have to defend ourselves, it’s our responsibility,” Sasha said.
But he points out everyone should realise just how critical this moment in time is.
“If we look at it widely, we have to understand that us losing will be not only our problem, but it will be for all the world.”
Stuart Ramsay reports from northeastern Ukraine with camera operator Toby Nash, and producers Dominique Van Heerden, Azad Safarov, and Nick Davenport.
The adverse weather could lead to total insured losses of more than €4bn (£3.33bn), according to credit rating agency Morningstar DBRS.
Much of the claims are expected to be covered by the Spanish government’s insurance pool, the agency said, but insurance premiums are likely to increase.