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The government was “well aware” of the deadly risks posed by combustible cladding and insulation a year before the Grenfell Tower fire, but “failed to act on what it knew”, a landmark report has found.

The report also said “systematic dishonesty” from cladding and insulation companies and a “toxic” relationship between the tower’s residents and the Tenant Management Organisation (TMO), which was responsible for running services, were contributing factors.

More than seven years on from the fire that claimed 72 lives, Grenfell Inquiry chair Sir Martin Moore-Bick has published his final findings into how the building in west London came to be in such a deadly state.

Grenfell tower
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The building was covered in combustible products. Pic: Reuters

Sir Martin also concluded:

• Government officials were “complacent, defensive and dismissive” on fire safety, while cutting red tape was prioritised

• There was an “inappropriate relationship” between approved inspectors and those they were inspecting

• Grenfell residents who raised safety concerns were dismissed as “militant troublemakers”

A huge fire engulfs the 24 story Grenfell Tower in Latimer Road, West London
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Flames engulfed the 24-storey tower block in Latimer Road, west London, on 14 June 2017

The report details what it calls a “path to disaster” and “decades of failure”.

It asked: “How was it possible in 21st century London for a reinforced concrete building, itself structurally impervious to fire, to be turned into a death trap?”

“There is no simple answer to that question.”

Sir Martin’s report runs to nearly 1,700 pages, and encompasses years of work and the testimony of hundreds of witnesses.

It contains 58 recommendations to ensure a similar disaster never happens again.

Giving a statement as the report was released, Sir Martin said: “The simple truth is that the deaths that occurred were all avoidable, and those who lived in the tower were badly failed over a number of years and in a number of different ways by those who were responsible for ensuring the safety of the building and its occupants.

“Not all of them bear the same degree of responsibility for the eventual disaster.

“But, as our reports show, all contributed to it in one way or another, in most cases through incompetence, but in some cases through dishonesty and greed.”

Firefighters continue to dampen down the tower block following the deadly blaze
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Hundreds of firefighters tackled the blaze. Pic: PA

Firefighters rest as they take a break in battling a massive fire that raged in a 27-floor high-rise apartment building in London, Wednesday, June 14, 2017. Fire swept through a high-rise apartment building in west London early Wednesday, killing an unknown number of people and sending more than 50 people to area hospitals. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham)
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Crews tackled the fire in shifts – resting at the scene. Pic: AP

Complacency in government

The first phase of the inquiry’s report found in 2019 that combustible cladding was the primary cause of the rapid spread of the fire.

The inquiry has now concluded that the tragedy was the culmination of those in charge failing for decades to properly consider the risks of combustible materials on high-rise buildings, while ignoring the mounting evidence before them.

Read more:
The Grenfell children who survived the blaze
Grenfell victims likely to wait over a decade for justice

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Grenfell residents ‘failed by dishonesty and greed’

Successive governments missed opportunities to prevent the tragedy.

The deadly risks of combustible cladding panels and insulation had been identified as early as 1991, when a fire engulfed the Knowsley Heights tower block in Huyton, Merseyside.

The block had recently been covered in “rainscreen” cladding.

Six people were killed at Lakanal House in Camberwell, south London, in 2009 after a fire spread to combustible cladding.

“By 2016 the department [for communities and local government] was well aware of those risks, but failed to act on what it knew,” the report states.

It adds that by the time Grenfell Tower was being renovated in the 2010s, a “seriously defective” system was in place to regulate the construction and refurbishment of high-rise buildings.

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‘We want changes and justice’

Unsafe products kept on market and dangers ‘deliberately concealed’

The report condemns cladding and insulation firms involved in this work, saying they engaged in “deliberate and sustained strategies to manipulate the testing processes, misrepresent test data and mislead the market”.

It said that “systematic dishonesty” from the companies resulted in hazardous materials being applied to the block.

Arconic, the company that made cladding for Grenfell Tower, “deliberately concealed” the danger of the panels used on the tower, while Celotex, which supplied most of the insulation, similarly “embarked on a dishonest scheme to mislead customers”.

Kingspan knew its insulation product failed fire safety tests “disastrously” but continued to sell it to high-rise buildings, the report found.

The firms got away with this because the various bodies designed to oversee and certify their products repeatedly failed to monitor and supervise them.

Grenfell residents dismissed as ‘troublemakers’

There was also harsh criticism of the Tenant Management Organisation (TMO), which was responsible for running services at Grenfell Tower.

Residents who raised concerns about safety were dismissed as “militant troublemakers”, while there was “a toxic atmosphere” with the TMO “fuelled by mistrust of both sides”.

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Relations “were increasingly characterised by distrust, dislike, personal antagonism and anger” and “some, perhaps many, occupants of the tower regarded the TMO as an uncaring and bullying overlord that belittled and marginalised them”.

The TMO and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea were jointly responsible for managing fire safety at Grenfell Tower – but the years between 2009 and 2017 were marked by a “persistent indifference to fire safety”, the report said.

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‘I realised the burning building was my own home’

Next steps

The Counsel for the inquiry has accused parties involved in the disaster of a “merry-go-round of buck-passing” – largely blaming each other for the disaster.

The inquiry can’t make findings of civil and criminal liability.

Now its work is complete, the police investigation into the disaster will continue.

The UK Tonight With Sarah-Jane Mee will have a special programme on the Grenfell Tower report at 8pm on Sky News

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Teenager who stabbed schoolgirl Elianne Andam to death in ‘frenzied’ attack in Croydon jailed for at least 23 years

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Teenager who stabbed schoolgirl Elianne Andam to death in 'frenzied' attack in Croydon jailed for at least 23 years

A teenager who stabbed a 15-year-old girl to death in a row over a teddy bear cried in the dock as he was jailed for at least 23 years.

Hassan Sentamu, 18, had a history of attacking girls and carrying knives before he killed Elianne Andam near the Whitgift Centre in central Croydon in September 2023.

Elianne had stood up for his ex-girlfriend, who was her friend.

Following Sentamu’s sentencing at the Old Bailey today, the girl’s father, Michael Andam, told the court how the “thought of her final moments torments me”.

He added that he wondered if she was “hoping I would save her” before telling the court: “I couldn’t protect her.

“That guilt will weigh on my heart for the rest of my life.”

Elianne was repeatedly stabbed in what police described as a “frenzied” attack that was caught on CCTV.

Hassan Sentamu guilty of murder. Pic: Met Police
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Hassan Sentamu. Pic: Met Police

Pic: Met Police
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Pic: Met Police

Sentamu, who was 17 at the time, was arrested less than 90 minutes later after getting off a bus.

The boy, of Rowdown Crescent, New Addington, admitted manslaughter but denied murder on the basis of “loss of control” because he has autism.

He was found guilty of murder and possession of a knife in January following a trial at the Old Bailey.

Sentamu had recently broken up with a friend of Elianne’s, whom he had agreed to meet up with to return items, including a teddy bear, that they exchanged while they were going out together, the court heard.

But he instead came armed with a knife, wearing two pairs of gloves and a facemask.

When the ex-girlfriend, who cannot be named for legal reasons, asked for her belongings, she says he refused to hand them over and replied: “I don’t want to hurt you.”

The girl says she then started asking him for her teddy bear before Elianne ran up behind him and grabbed a bag of items that had been returned to him.

She added that Elianne then started “running and laughing as a joke” before Sentamu chased her and stabbed her multiple times.

The day before the killing, he had seen the girls at the Whitgift Centre where they “teased” him and his ex-girlfriend threw water on him.

Seething at the perceived disrespect, he told a friend he could not “let this slide”.

Read more:
Sentamu says he would ‘do it again’, court hears

Elianne Andam posted video on Snapchat before fatal stabbing

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CCTV from Croydon bus stop stabbing

In a televised sentencing, Mrs Justice Cheema-Grubb said Elianne, an aspiring lawyer, was a “hard-working, happy girl” with a “radiant smile”.

She told the defendant: “Elianne was 15 when you murdered her, she will always remain just 15, she will never realise the potential of her life.”

His actions were due to his “short temper and aggressive tendencies” which combined with his “deliberate decision to carry a knife,” the judge said.

Sentamu sat with head in his hands in the dock and wiped away tears as he was sentenced to life in prison and told he must serve at least 23 years.

Elianne’s family criticised the sentence outside court, saying it had left them feeling “abandoned and unheard”.

Mark Rossell, a pastor, said on behalf of the family: “We cannot accept such lenient sentences are appropriate for violent calculated crimes like this.”

The dumped murder weapon on Cedar Road.
Pic: Met Police
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The dumped murder weapon on Cedar Road.
Pic: Met Police

‘The music has stopped’

Earlier the family described their “living nightmare” in a series of statements read to the court.

Her mother Dorcas Andam said: “Elianne was my world, she was the kindest most loving daughter I could have asked for. She was vibrant, creative and purposeful.

“She loved deeply, loved to sing, braided hair, and always practised new styles. Our home was full of her music, laughter and energy. There was always warmth and joy when Elianne was there.

“Now the music has stopped, the laughter has gon, and all that is left is a deafening silence that echoes through my life.”

Addressing Sentamu, Mrs Andam added: “You brutally murdered her in the most humiliating way in broad daylight.

“Mercilessly killing her on the floor as she begged for mercy. You walked away showing no remorse as if her life meant nothing.

“You did not only kill Elianne, you killed me mentally and emotionally. Your actions were senseless and evil.”

Body worn footage of Hassan Sentamu being arrested following the fatal stabbing of Elianne Andam. Pic: Met Police
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Body worn footage of Hassan Sentamu being arrested following the fatal stabbing of Elianne Andam. Pic: Met Police

Father speaks of torment

Meanwhile, Elianne’s father told the court: “I close my eyes and see the horror of what she must have endured – the fear, the pain – and it breaks me over and over again.

“No parents should ever have to bury their child, let alone in such a violent and cruel manner. The thought of her final moments torments me – wondering if she was calling out for me, hoping I would save her – but I wasn’t there. I couldn’t protect her.

“That guilt will weigh on my heart for the rest of my life.”

Elianne’s cousin Denzil Larbi told the defendant: “What you did was the most monstrous and evil act that is imaginable. You will forever remain a villain in our story.”

Met Police Detective Chief Inspector Becky Woodsford, who led the investigation, said after sentencing: “Today marks the end of a very long journey for Elianne’s family and friends, and while this is the best outcome they could have hoped for, nothing will ease the immeasurable pain they continue to live with on a daily basis.

“Since Elianne was taken from them in the most incomprehensible way, they have been driven by a motivation to see her killer brought to justice. Getting to this point has been challenging for them, and I would like to pay testament to their continued dignity, determination and composure.”

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‘First-of-a-kind’ endometriosis tablet approved for use on NHS

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'First-of-a-kind' endometriosis tablet approved for use on NHS

The first daily tablet for long-term treatment of endometriosis has been approved for use on the NHS.

The drug could help about a thousand women a year who suffer from the debilitating condition.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended relugolix-estradiol-norethisterone (also known as relugolix combination therapy or Ryeqo) for routine NHS use after initially rejecting the drug.

Endometriosis affects around 1.5 million women in the UK, causing chronic pain and fatigue due to tissue similar to the womb lining growing elsewhere in the body. The cells respond to the menstrual cycle, building up and then breaking down and bleeding, but the blood has no way to escape.

Despite being widespread – one in ten women and girls of reproductive age are affected, according to the World Health Organisation – diagnosis can take around a decade. There is also no known cure, but treatment can ease symptoms.

But current injectable treatments can initially worsen symptoms.

This new tablet starts working faster, can be taken at home, combines all the hormones needed in a single pill and returns hormone levels to previous levels faster when stopped. It also doesn’t require the woman to make regular clinic visits.

It will be available for patients for whom medical and surgical treatments have failed.

Read more:
Like cement on my pelvis – the search for a cure for endometriosis
90-second treatment for heavy periods leaves some needing a hysterectomy

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The fertility crisis: Are we leaving it too late?

A ‘potential step-change’ in treating endometriosis

Helen Knight, director of medicines evaluation at NICE, said: “This new treatment marks a potential step-change in how we manage endometriosis, putting control back in patients’ hands while ensuring value for the taxpayer.

“Instead of travelling to clinics for injections, there is now a daily tablet that can be taken at home.

“The treatment can also be stopped and started more easily, which is particularly important for those planning to have children and for managing side effects. This convenience not only benefits patients but reduces pressure on NHS services.”

The list price for the treatment is £72 for a 28-day supply (excluding VAT).

Dr Sue Mann, NHS national clinical director for women’s health, said: “This first-of-a-kind treatment for endometriosis… will give women greater control of their own health by potentially allowing them to get the treatment they need in the comfort of their own homes, without the need to attend regular appointments.”

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Army women reveal abuse as former minister admits ‘colossal failure’

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Army women reveal abuse as former minister admits 'colossal failure'

Warning: This article contains material some readers may find distressing

Jane* served in the British Army for almost 20 years. It was a career she loved and excelled in, rising through the ranks. But then, she says, it ended when a colleague raped her.

She breaks down as she recalls the night out, almost six years ago.

Jane reported the attack to the Royal Military Police but days later was called into a meeting with officers in her chain of command and accused of flirting with men and drinking too much. Later, she discovered messages they had exchanged calling her a whore.

The military police investigated, but the case never made it to court martial, where military trials are heard – she was told there was an unrealistic chance of conviction.

Her case formed part of a legal process to try to force the previous government to transfer rape investigations in the armed forces to civilian courts, but the change was voted down in parliament.

Now, a high-profile former defence minister, and veteran, who failed to back the move has admitted he got it wrong.

Johnny Mercer has told Sky News that he, and other members of the previous government, must accept their part in the “colossal failure of leadership across all ranks” to deal with sexual abuse in the army.

Three female veterans have shared their stories with Sky News.

Army abuse narrate
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Jane* was called a ‘whore’ after she was raped by a colleague

A toxic culture where abuse is rife

When 19-year-old soldier Jaysley Beck took her own life in December 2021, hundreds of servicewomen shared their experiences on social media, describing a toxic culture where sexual abuse is not only rife but tolerated.

The inquest into Gunner Beck’s death last month found she had been sexually assaulted and then failed by the army when she reported it. This prompted the change of heart from Johnny Mercer.

“I should have argued harder for serious and sexual offences to be taken away from the MoD to civilian police,” he told Sky News. He has now called on the current government to act, saying “now is the time to make that change”.

Johnny Mercer
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Johnny Mercer has had a change of heart

Hayley* was a new recruit when she reported witnessing a female colleague being sexually assaulted by a senior officer.

She said at first “he didn’t say anything”. Then “he dragged me by the back of my coat, up the stairs to the office. I knew I couldn’t keep up, and I remember falling over my knees, like dragging on the floor”.

She continued: “He stood over me with his finger right in my face, screaming and swearing – like he was screaming so much he was spitting – and he was saying ‘don’t you dare speak about that ever again’.

“I remember thinking there’s girls who are at risk here, anything can happen to them and nobody cares.”

Months later, she was woken up by a male colleague climbing into her bed.

“He was trying to kiss my face and touch me,” she said, her voice trembling. “I was moving my head and saying: ‘you need to go’.”

Army abuse narrate
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Hayley* was dragged up the stairs after trying to report abuse

She reported it to the Royal Military Police.

“I remember them being so condescending.”

They asked her if she had been drinking, if she had locked her door and if she had encouraged him.

“It did eventually get dropped because there wasn’t enough evidence against him.”

‘I was left with bruising on my neck’

Michelle, who left the army in 2020 after 11 years that included active service in Afghanistan, said sexual harassment went on “all the time”.

“I’ve had my breasts grabbed by people…Guys when I’ve walked upstairs have looked up my skirt to see if I’m wearing underwear,” she said.

“Disgusting stuff like that”.

Michelle
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Michelle

Jane said her attacker was someone she knew.

“He was trying to kiss me, and I was pushing him away. He grabbed at my throat and was pushing me down on to this blow-up bed. And then he was trying to put his penis in my mouth,” she said.

“I had bruising to both my arms and also on my neck.

“It was the worst experience I’ve ever been through. I loved my career and never wanted to leave my job. I nearly lost everything, including my mental health. I wanted to end it all.”

The Royal Military Police investigated but the case did not go to court martial because, Jane was told, there was an unrealistic possibility of conviction.

Call to remove sexual offences from military court

Campaigners have been urging politicians for years to remove sexual offence cases from the military justice system.

“The conviction rate for cases that get to court martial for rapes and serious sexual assault is far lower than the equivalent figures in the Crown Court,” said Emma Norton, a lawyer who established the Centre for Military Justice.

“That, on the face of it, is a serious difference that is completely unjustifiable.”

Do you have a story you would like to share?

Email: sky.today@sky.uk or WhatsApp 07583 000 853

In opposition, Labour backed the proposal to transfer serious and sexual offences out of military courts. Sky News asked the Ministry of Defence (MoD) if it intends to make the legal change but it did not reply to the question.

A spokesperson for the MoD said: “There is no place for bullying, harassment or discrimination in the military. This government is totally committed to making the reforms that are needed to stamp out inappropriate behaviour and hold people to account.”

Their experiences have left many women conflicted about their time in the army.

“I had some of the best and also worst times of my life… that’s hard to reconcile,” said Hayley.

“I don’t want to look back and feel sorry for myself, but I feel the younger version of myself was severely let down by the people who were in authority at the time.

“It’s not acceptable for this to be happening.”

*Names have been changed

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK

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