Massive artificial intelligence models built by the likes of OpenAI will eventually become commoditized with the next wave of value in the technology coming from the applications that are built on top of the models, the co-founder and chair of Infosys told CNBC on Tuesday.
Large language models are the AI models trained on amounts of data and they underpin applications like ChatGPT. Companies such as OpenAI and Meta are among the biggest players in this space.
Nandan Nilekani, co-founder of Infosys, said there are going to be many different LLMs around the world.
“There are many companies now coming up which are building India-specific LLM solutions for Indian languages … so I think what’s going to happen is that because AI is finally dependent on the data it is trained on, every part of the world which has unique data will be required to do something about training the models for that data,” Nilekani told CNBC’s “Squaw Box Europe” on Tuesday.
“Ultimately, the models will become more commoditized and the value will switch to the application layer and the whole stack.”
Applications can be built on top of LLMs, and according to Nilekani, the next wave of value from AI will derive from those applications and other related technologies.
Infosys is one of India’s biggest technology companies offering outsourcing and consultancy services.
Discussing trends in AI, Nilekani said that the integration of AI into businesses, also known as enterprise AI, “is a longer cycle than consumer AI.”
“Consumer AI you can get up a chatbot and start working. Enterprise AI requires firms to reinvent themselves internally. So it’s a longer haul, but definitely it’s a huge thing happening right now,” Nilekani said.
Aravind Srinivas, chief executive officer Perplexity AI, during a news conference at the SK Telecom Co. headquarters in Seoul, South Korea, on Wednesday, Sept.4, 2024.
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Perplexity AI on Thursday announced that its artificial-intelligence-powered web browser Comet is available worldwide, and will be free to users.
The Comet browser is designed to serve as a personal assistant that can search the web, organize tabs, draft emails, shop and more, according to Perplexity. The startup initially launched Comet in July to Perplexity Max subscribers for $200 a month, and the waitlist has ballooned to “millions” of people, the company said.
Tune in at 8:10 a.m. ET Friday as Perplexity co-founder and CEO Aravind Srinivas joins CNBC TV to discuss the release of its AI browser Comet to users for free. Watch in real time on CNBC+ or the CNBC Pro stream.
Perplexity’s decision to provide Comet for free could help it attract more users as it works to fend off rivals like Google, OpenAI and Anthropic that have their own AI browser offerings.
In September, Google rolled out Gemini in its Chrome browser, Anthropic announced a browser-based AI agent in August and OpenAI announced Operator, an agent that uses a browser to complete tasks, in January. Perplexity made an unsolicited $34.5 billion bid for Google’s Chrome browser in August.
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Perplexity is best known for its AI-powered search engine that gives users simple answers to questions and links out to the original source material on the web. After the company was accused of plagiarizing content from media outlets, it launched a revenue-sharing model with publishers last year.
The company also introduced Comet Plus in August, which is a subscription that gives users access to content from “trusted publishers and journalists,” according to a blog post. Perplexity said Tuesday that CNN, Condé Nast, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Fortune, Le Monde, and Le Figaro are its inaugural publishing partners.
Perplexity said additional features are also on the way. The company teased a mobile version of Comet and a feature called Background Assistant, which can work on multiple tasks simultaneously and asynchronously.
Vlad Tenev, chief executive officer of Robinhood Markets Inc., during the Token2049 conference in Singapore, on Thursday, Oct. 2, 2025.
Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images
The tokenization of real-world assets, from stocks to real estate, will spread to financial markets around the world, according to Robinhood Markets Chief Executive Officer Vlad Tenev.
“Tokenization is like a freight train. It can’t be stopped, and eventually it’s going to eat the entire financial system,” Tenev told a panel at a crypto conference in Singapore on Wednesday.
“I think most major markets will have some framework in the next five years,” he said, though he added that reaching 100% could take more than a decade.
A tokenized asset is a digital representation of a real-world asset, like stocks, bonds, or commodities, that can be recorded and traded on a blockchain or distributed ledger.
In June, Robinhood began offering more than 200 tokenized U.S. stocks to customers in the European Union, giving them a new way to gain exposure to the underlying assets. The move sent its stock surging to a then-record high.
“I think it will become the default way to get exposure to U.S. stocks outside the U.S.,” Tenev said.
He expects the practice to gain traction once there is greater licensing and regulatory clarity in more jurisdictions.
“I think that will come, starting in Europe, but then expanding to the rest of the world,” he said.
On the other hand, Tenev expects the U.S. to be among the last economies to actually fully tokenize, due to what he calls the greater sticking power of the financial infrastructure.
The crypto industry has long predicted that a mass tokenization of assets on the blockchain was coming, promising greater market efficiency.
And, along with Robinhood’s launch of tokenized stocks, there’s been more signs this year that real implementation is coming, with institutional giants Morgan Stanley and BlackRock signaling interest.
“I actually think cryptocurrency and traditional finance have been living in two separate worlds for a while, but they’re going to fully merge,” Tenev said at the event.
He cited stablecoins — digital currencies designed not to fluctuate wildly, and pegged to a commodity or a fiat currency like the U.S. dollar — as an early example of a tokenized real-world asset.
“I think that crypto technology has so many advantages over the traditional way we’re doing things that in the future there’s going to be no distinction,” Tenev said.