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From exploding Hezbollah pagers and walkie-talkies to a cyber attack on an Iranian nuclear facility, Israel is suspected of carrying out a number of secretive operations over the years.

Israel rarely takes responsibility for such attacks – its military declined to comment on the device blasts in Lebanon – but a long pattern of sophisticated incidents has nonetheless unfolded.

As the fallout from this week’s attacks continues to reverberate around the Middle East, Sky News looks at some of the other notable operations over the last six decades where Israeli involvement has been confirmed or suspected.

Follow latest: Hand-held radios explode in Lebanon

2021: Attack on Iran’s Natanz nuclear facility

In April 2021, Iran blamed Israel for what it said was an attack on one of its underground nuclear facilities.

Israel did not claim responsibility for it, but the country’s media widely reported that the country had orchestrated a devastating cyber attack that caused a blackout at Natanz and damaged its centrifuges (used for separating uranium isotopes).

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A former Iranian official at the time said the assault set off a fire while a spokesman mentioned a “possible minor explosion”.

This April 17, 2021 frame grab from the Islamic Republic Iran Broadcasting, IRIB, state-run TV, shows various of centrifuge machines in the hall that was damaged by Sunday, April 11, sabotage at Natanz Uranium Enrichment Facility, some 200 miles (322 km) south of the capital Tehran, Iran. Iran named a suspect Saturday in the attack on its Natanz nuclear facility that damaged centrifuges there, saying he had fled the country ...hours before... the sabotage happened. (IRIB via AP, File)
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The Natanz nuclear facility in 2021. Pic: AP

2020: Mohsen Fakhrizadeh

An Iranian nuclear scientist was assassinated in Iran by a remote-controlled machine gun mounted on a car.

Mohsen Fakhrizadeh was travelling in a bulletproof vehicle alongside three security personnel vehicles when he heard what sounded like bullets hitting his car.

After he reportedly left the vehicle, a Nissan fitted with a remote-controlled machine gun then opened fire, killing him.

The scene of the attack. Pic: IRIB / EPA-EFE / Shutterstock
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The scene of the attack on Mohsen Fakhrizadeh in 2020. Pic: IRIB/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock

2010: Stuxnet

A powerful computer worm widely thought to have been designed by US and Israeli intelligence, Stuxnet is believed to have disabled a key part of the Iranian nuclear programme.

Discovered in 2010, Stuxnet was designed to destroy the centrifuges Iran used to enrich uranium as part of its weapons programme.

It is reported the worm was delivered to the Natanz facility on a thumb drive by an Iranian double agent working for Israel.

2010: Killing of Mahmoud al Mabhouh

Mahmoud al Mabhouh, a top Hamas operative, was killed in a Dubai hotel room in an operation attributed to the Mossad spy agency but never acknowledged by Israel.

Many of the 26 supposed assassins were caught on camera disguised as tourists.

Mahmoud al Mabhouh. Pic: News Pictures/Mcp/Shutterstock
Image:
Mahmoud al Mabhouh. Pic: News Pictures/Mcp/Shutterstock

Read more:
What is Hezbollah and how powerful is its military?
The Budapest firm linked to explosive pagers

2000: Samih Malabi

A Fatah activist from the Kalandia refugee camp outside Ramallah was killed when a booby-trapped mobile phone exploded next to his head.

1997: Attempted assassination of Hamas leader

Mossad agents tried to kill the then head of Hamas, Khaled Meshaal, in Amman, Jordan.

Two agents entered Jordan using fake Canadian passports and poisoned Mashaal by placing a device near his ear.

Khaled Meshaal. Pic: AP
Image:
Khaled Meshaal. Pic: AP

They were captured shortly afterwards and Jordan’s king threatened to void a still-fresh peace accord if Mashaal died. Israel ultimately dispatched an antidote, and the Israeli agents were returned home.

1996: Yahya Ayyash

Yahya Ayyash, nicknamed the “engineer” for his mastery in building bombs for Hamas, was killed by answering a rigged phone in Gaza.

His assassination triggered a series of deadly bus bombings in Israel.

The coffin of Yahya Ayyash is carried into the Palestine mosque for funeral services January 6 as the crowd of Hamas movement supporters rushes to touch the plain wooden coffin. Ayyash, known as "The Engineer", was killed yesterday when a booby-trapped cellular telephone exploded. He was responsible for the death of dozens of Israelis in suicide bombings and topped Israel's most-wanted list. Tens of thousands of Palestinians turned out for his funeral and vowed revenge against Israel
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The coffin of Yahya Ayyash was carried into a mosque for funeral services in 1996. Pic: Reuters

1972: Bassam Abu Sharif

He was injured in Beirut when he opened a package containing a book implanted with a bomb which exploded.

He was the spokesperson for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).

Bassam Abu Sharif. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Bassam Abu Sharif. Pic: Reuters

He survived but lost several fingers, was left deaf in one ear and blind in one eye.

1972: Mahmoud Hamshari

A representative from the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) was killed in Paris in 1972 when a bomb was planted under a telephone and remotely detonated.

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1960: Adolf Eichmann

Perhaps the most famous operation by Israel’s Mossad intelligence service ever, in 1960 Israeli spies apprehended Adolf Eichmann.

The German Nazi official was one of the major organisers of the Holocaust.

Adolf Eichmann. Pic: AP
Image:
Adolf Eichmann. Pic: AP

He had been captured by Allied forces in 1945 but escaped and settled in Argentina before ultimately being tracked down by Mossad.

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Russia wants ‘quick peace’ in Ukraine and London is ‘head of those resisting it’, ambassador to UK tells Sky News

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Russia wants 'quick peace' in Ukraine and London is 'head of those resisting it', ambassador to UK tells Sky News

Russia wants “quick peace” in Ukraine and London is at the “head of those resisting” it, the Russian ambassador to the UK has told Sky News.

In an interview on The World With Yalda Hakim, Andrei Kelin accused the UK, France and other European nations of not wanting to end the war in Ukraine.

“We are prepared to negotiate and to talk,” he said. “We have our position. If we can strike a negotiated settlement… we need a very serious approach to that and a very serious agreement about all of that – and about security in Europe.”

Russian ambassador to the UK Andrei Kelin speaks to  Yalda Hakin
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Russian ambassador Andrei Kelin speaks to Yalda Hakim

US President Donald Trump held a surprise phone call with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin last month, shocking America’s European allies. He went on to call Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy a “dictator” and relations between the pair were left in tatters after a meeting in the Oval Office descended into a shouting match.

Days later, the US leader suspended military aid to Ukraine, though there were signs the relationship between the two leaders appeared to be on the mend following the contentious White House meeting last week, with Mr Trump saying he “appreciated” a letter from Mr Zelenskyy saying Kyiv was ready to sign a minerals agreement with Washington “at any time”.

In his interview with Sky News’ Yalda Hakim, Mr Kelin said he was “not surprised” the US has changed its position on Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which began in 2022, claiming Mr Trump “knows the history of the conflict”.

“He knows history and is very different from European leaders,” he added.

No doubt Russia is welcoming shift in world order


 Yalda Hakim joined Sky News at the end of last year

Yalda Hakim

Lead world news presenter

@SkyYaldaHakim

I’ve interviewed the Russian ambassador to the UK, Andrei Kelin, on a number of occasions, at times the conversation has been tense and heated.

But today, I found a diplomat full of confidence and cautiously optimistic.

The optics of course have suddenly changed in Russia’s favour since Donald Trump was elected.

I asked him if Russia couldn’t believe its luck. “I would not exaggerate this too much,” he quipped.

Mr Kelin also “categorically” ruled out European troops on the ground and said the flurry of diplomatic activity and summits over the course of the past few weeks is not because Europeans want to talk to Moscow but because they want to present something to Mr Trump.

He appeared to relish the split the world is witnessing in transatlantic relations.

Of course the ambassador remained cagey about the conversations that have taken place between President Trump and Vladimir Putin.

There is no doubt however that Russia is welcoming what Mr Kelin says is a shift in the world order.

Peace deal ‘should recognise Russian advances’

The Russian ambassador said Moscow had told Washington it believed its territorial advances in Ukraine “should be recognised” as part of any peace deal.

“What we will need is a new Ukraine as a neutral, non-nuclear state,” he said. “The territorial situation should be recognised. These territories have been included in our constitution and we will continue to push that all forces of the Ukrainian government will leave these territories.”

Asked if he thought the Americans would agree to give occupied Ukrainian land to Russia, he said: “I don’t think we have discussed it seriously. [From] what I have read, the Americans actually understand the reality.”

Read more:
What you need to know from a monumental week in Ukraine
US ‘destroying’ world order by trying to meet Russia ‘halfway’

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In full: Russian ambassador’s interview with Sky’s Yalda Hakim

Moscow rules out NATO peacekeepers in Ukraine

He said Russia “categorically ruled out” the prospect of NATO peacekeepers on the ground in Ukraine – a proposal made by UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer and French President Emmanuel Macron – saying “they have no rules of engagement” and so would just be “sitting in cities”.

“It’s senseless” and “not for reality,” Mr Kelin added.

He branded the temporary ceasefire raised by Mr Zelenskyy “a crazy idea”, and said: “We will never accept it and they perfectly are aware of that.

“We will only accept the final version, when we are going to sign it. Until then things are very shaky.”

He added: “We’re trying to find a resolution on the battlefield, until the US administration suggest something constructive.”

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US ‘destroying’ international rules-based order by trying to meet Russia ‘halfway’, Ukraine’s UK ambassador warns

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US 'destroying' international rules-based order by trying to meet Russia 'halfway', Ukraine's UK ambassador warns

The United States is “finally destroying” the international rules-based order by trying to meet Russia “halfway”, Ukraine’s ambassador to the UK has warned.

Valerii Zaluzhnyi said Washington’s recent actions in relation to Moscow could lead to the collapse of NATO – with Europe becoming Russian President Vladimir Putin‘s next target.

“The failure to qualify actions of Russia as an aggression is a huge challenge for the entire world and Europe, in particular,” he told a conference at the Chatham House think tank.

Ukraine latest: ‘Watershed moment’ as Kremlin blasts Macron

“We see that it is not just the axis of evil and Russia trying to revise the world order, but the US is finally destroying this order.”

Valerii Zaluzhnyi. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Valerii Zaluzhnyi. Pic: Reuters


Mr Zaluzhnyi, who took over as Kyiv’s ambassador to London in 2024 following three years as commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian armed forces, also warned that the White House had “questioned the unity of the whole Western world” – suggesting NATO could cease to exist as a result.

It comes as Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy scrambles to repair relations with US President Donald Trump following a dramatic row between the two men in the Oval Office last week.

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Mr Trump signalled on Tuesday that tensions could be easing, telling Congress he had received a letter from Mr Zelenskyy saying he was ready to sign a peace deal “at any time”.

Zelenskyy and Trump speaking in the Oval Office. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Zelenskyy and Trump during their extraordinary Oval Office row. Pic: Reuters

Read more:
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US stops sharing all intelligence with Ukraine

But on the same day, the US president ordered a sudden freeze on shipments of US military aid to Ukraine, and Washington has since paused intelligence sharing with Kyiv and halted cyber operations against Russia.

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Mr Zaluzhnyi said the pause in cyber operations and an earlier decision by the US to oppose a UN resolution condemning Russian aggression in Ukraine were “a huge challenge for the entire world”.

He added that talks between the US and Russia – “headed by a war criminal” – showed the White House “makes steps towards the Kremlin, trying to meet them halfway”, warning Moscow’s next target “could be Europe”.

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Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh being forced to fight for same military accused of genocide against their people

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Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh being forced to fight for same military accused of genocide against their people

Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh is a sprawling mass of humanity. 

It’s a sea of makeshift bamboo shelters, home to more than one million Rohingya refugees – a mainly Muslim minority from Rakhine state in Myanmar.

Some 700,000 fled their homeland back in 2017 – after the Myanmar military massacred thousands.

The army was accused of genocide by the United Nations.

The Rohingya refugees didn’t escape danger though.

Right now, violence is at its worst levels in the camps since 2017 and Rohingya people face a particularly cruel new threat – they’re being forced back to fight for the same Myanmar military accused of trying to wipe out their people.

A child at the refugee camp in Cox's Bazar
Image:
A child at the refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar

Militant groups are recruiting Rohingya men in the camps, some at gunpoint, and taking them back to Myanmar to fight for a force that’s losing ground.

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Jaker is just 19.

We’ve changed his name to protect his identity.

He says he was abducted at gunpoint last year by a group of nine men in Cox’s.

They tied his hands with rope he says and took him to the border where he was taken by boat with three other men to fight for the Myanmar military.

“It was heartbreaking,” he told me. “They targeted poor children. The children of wealthy families only avoided it by paying money.”

And he says the impact has been deadly.

“Many of our Rohingya boys, who were taken by force from the camps, were killed in battle.”

Jaker speaks to Sky's Cordelia Lynch
Image:
Jaker speaks to Sky’s Cordelia Lynch

An aerial view of the refugee camp in Cox's Bazar
Image:
An aerial view of the refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar

The situation in Cox’s is desperate.

People are disillusioned by poverty, violence and the plight of their own people and the civil war they ran from is getting worse.

In Rakhine, just across the border, there’s been a big shift in dynamics.

The Arakan Army (AA), an ethnic armed group has all but taken control of the state from the ruling military junta.

Both the military and the AA are accused of committing atrocities against Rohingya Muslims.

And whilst some Rohingya claim they’re being forced into the fray – dragged back to Myanmar from Bangladesh, others are willing to go.

Read more from Sky News:
Bangladesh leader reacts to ‘House of Mirrors’ prison
Inside Bangladesh’s ‘death squad’ jails

Sri Lanka rescues more than 100 people believed to be Rohingya refugees

Teknaf in Cox's Bazar - where refugees arrive from Myanmar after crossing the Naf River
Image:
Teknaf in Cox’s Bazar – where refugees arrive from Myanmar after crossing the Naf River

Some are so aggrieved with the AA, they’re willing to support their former persecutors.

Abu Zar is one of those willing to take up arms.

But not for the military or AA, he says.

Everyone praying in the mosque with him is prepared to go back to protect their own cause he says – not anyone else’s.

“We want to fight for our rights because we have been demanding justice for a long time. But the situation has become unbearable,” he tells me.

Abu Zar has said he is willing to take up arms for his own cause
Image:
Abu Zar has said he is willing to take up arms for his own cause

It’s estimated between 3,000 and 5,000 Rohingya have joined armed groups from this camp.

But the fight they are joining has become increasingly bloody.

In a cramped shelter, we meet Safura.

Safura came under fire as she fled Myanmar
Image:
Safura came under fire as she fled Myanmar

Safura's son Aman had his foot blown off
Image:
Safura’s son Aman had his foot blown off

Five days ago she managed to get out of Myanmar but she had to be carried part of the way.

Her legs are riddled with bullet wounds and the pain is severe.

Her son, Aman, who lies on the floor next to her, has had his foot blown off.

They were injured she said, during an attack on her family home in the middle of the night.

“They entered our house and shot all my family members. My husband and mother-in-law were killed on the spot.”

The military denies forcing Rohingya to the battlefield. But the camps tell a different story- one of surging violence and vulnerability.

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