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Caroline Ellison, former chief executive officer of Alameda Research LLC, center, arrives at court in New York, US, on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2023. 

Yuki Iwamura | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Caroline Ellison was the star witness in the criminal case against disgraced FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried. On Tuesday, she will face her own sentencing.

Ellison’s role in the implosion of the crypto empire run by her former boss and ex-boyfriend Sam Bankman-Fried was to lie to investors, help steal billions of dollars from FTX customers, and subsequently re-purpose those funds toward bets and debts accrued at Alameda Research, the digital asset hedge fund she helmed as CEO.

Bankman-Fried and Ellison are both, in the eyes of the U.S. judicial system, guilty of the same crimes.

Two counts of wire fraud, two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud, one count of conspiracy to commit commodities fraud, and one count of conspiracy to commit money laundering. Those charges carry a statutory maximum sentence of around 110 years, but there’s a sliding scale that takes into account the scope of the crimes and the criminal history of the defendant.

CNBC spoke to former federal prosecutors, trial attorneys and legal experts to get their take on what may be in store for Ellison at Tuesday’s hearing. They agree that Ellison is likely to walk away without any jail time at all.

After a jury of twelve unanimously found Bankman-Fried guilty of all seven criminal charges against him in November, he was sentenced in March to 25 years for his crypto fraud and ordered to pay $11 billion in forfeiture.

Unlike Bankman-Fried, Ellison agreed to a plea deal in December 2022. She pled guilty to all charges against her and spent two years cooperating with the government, regulators and the FTX bankruptcy estate.

Meanwhile, Bankman-Fried continues to deny virtually all criminal wrongdoing and is attempting to get his case retried.

Lawyers for Ellison and Bankman-Fried did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Government exhibit in the case against former FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried.

Source: SDNY

No time behind bars

Cooperation with the prosecution in white collar crimes, even in what has been billed as “one of the biggest financial frauds in American history,” goes a long way.

Ellison was the most important of the several insiders who testified for the government, said former Assistant U.S. Attorney Kevin J. O’Brien, who specializes in white-collar criminal defense in New York.

“Because of the closeness of her relationship to Sam, she was able to provide a personal portrait of Bankman-Fried, an elusive character to be sure, that was probably unique in the government’s case,” O’Brien said.

The federal Probation Department has recommended “time served with three years of supervised release” as a credit to Ellison’s “extraordinary cooperation with the government” and “her otherwise unblemished record.”

While District Judge Lewis Kaplan is under no obligation to accept the Probation Department’s recommendation, O’Brien said that, along with some sort of fine, that would be “a fair sentence” because it reflects the “enormous value” of Ellison’s cooperation.

The U.S. legal system tends to favor reduced sentences for those who assist in bringing down higher targets, said Braden Perry, a former senior trial lawyer for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

At most, Perry estimates that Ellison, who is the third executive tied to Bankman-Fried’s enterprise to be sentenced, faces 18 months in prison and three years of supervised release.

Though Ellison was deeply involved in the fraudulent activities, “she did not have the same control or directorial authority as SBF, which will likely influence the judge’s decision about imposing a light sentence,” Perry said.

FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried appeals fraud conviction

Encouragement to cooperate

More than likely, Ellison’s conviction will entail several years of supervised release and community service with a slew of attached activity restrictions, such as no trading in both crypto and non-crypto markets or foreign travel, said Yesha Yadav, law professor and Associate Dean at Vanderbilt University.

Unlike Bankman-Fried who has faced public admonition and been portrayed by the government as a recidivist character, Ellison has been praised repeatedly by prosecutors and by new FTX CEO and bankruptcy administrator John Ray III.

“On the stand, she came across as someone who felt guilt and pain at what she had done,” Yadav said.

SBF’s defense team asked for no more than 6.5 years of incarceration, but Kaplan said Ellison’s testimony ultimately proved pivotal to his decision to sentence Bankman-Fried to nearly four times that.

Kaplan also sided with federal prosecutors when he revoked Bankman-Fried’s bail and sent him back to jail for witness tampering after he leaked private diary entries written by Ellison. Kaplan described the leak by Bankman-Fried as one designed to “hurt” and “discredit” Ellison.

Ellison “suffered very public humiliation over the last two years, often with sexist overtones,” Yadav said.

Most judges don’t like sending people to jail who aren’t a threat to harm others in the future, said former federal prosecutor Paul Tuchmann.

“The chance of Ellison ever harming anyone through criminal conduct in the future again are very low,” Tuchmann said.

If Kaplan ends up foregoing jail time in Ellison’s sentence, that could bode well for former FTX engineering chief Nishad Singh and Gary Wang, the co-founder and chief technology officer of FTX. Singh and Wang will be sentenced Oct. 30 and Nov. 20, respectively.

“I do think that if he wants to, Judge Kaplan can ‘afford’ to give all of these people no prison time,” said Tuchmann, adding that “Most judges want to encourage people like that to cooperate, and a sentence of time served and probation is the best way to do that.”

WATCH: Sam Bankman-Fried’s family on sentencing: We are heartbroken and will continue to fight for our son

Sam Bankman-Fried's family on sentencing: We are heartbroken and will continue to fight for our son

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Why some Scrooges want to stop California from handing out $2,000 e-bike vouchers

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Why some Scrooges want to stop California from handing out ,000 e-bike vouchers

In what couldn’t have been more on-the-nose timing, a group of local California newspapers published an editorial on Christmas Eve calling for the end of a generous $2,000 voucher program intended to help low-income Californians afford electric bicycles for transportation.

The editorial was provided by the Southern California News Group, a collection of California newspapers owned by the hedge fund Alden Global Capital.

In it, the writers air a number of grievances against the program, which recently closed its first round of applications intended to provide around 1,500 e-bike vouchers of between US $1,750 to $2,000 each. The vouchers can be used to offset the price of electric bicycles and associated gear such as protective equipment, locks, etc.

The first complaint in the op-ed is that the total number of vouchers provided in the first round was relatively small compared to the large size of the California e-bike market. However, instead of suggesting that the budget be increased to help more Californians achieve transportation independence, as we called for recently, the editorial takes the opposite position of suggesting that the program simply be canceled.

Next, the writers bemoan an increase in electric bicycle and electric scooter accidents in recent years, suggesting that this should be weighed against the benefits of helping more Californians afford such vehicles.

However, the argument seems to conveniently overlook the fact that the vast majority of such accidents aren’t caused by e-bike riders, but rather those riders are in fact usually the victims. The actual danger to safety on roads is vehicular traffic, i.e. cars and trucks.

Furthermore, many studies have shown that in crashes caused by e-bike riders, such as when an e-bike rider hits another cyclist or pedestrian, the injuries are on average considerably lighter and more recoverable than in car-related crashes.

If the goal was to protect Californians, then instead of firmly clutching their pearls, perhaps the editorial writers should have urged a reduction in the use of cars and trucks, not a reduction in e-bike vouchers.

The op-ed even goes on to lament the number of children riding electric bicycles in California, though admits further on that children aren’t eligible to receive vouchers as part of California’s e-bike incentive program.

Electrek’s Take

California’s e-bike incentive program is certainly far from perfect. We even discussed many of its shortcomings last week. But the program’s essence is to do a good thing—using public tax money to benefit the public. The solution should be to improve the program, not to remove it. And the simple fact of the matter is that most people who are vehemently against the program are those who don’t directly benefit from it, even if they fail to realize that they will ultimately indirectly benefit.

Electric bicycles are one of the most cost-effective ways to provide transportation independence to marginalized and low-income groups. But it’s more than just that. They’re also the best way to get people out of cars and reduce traffic for everyone. Even ignoring the long-term environmental effects related to reducing the impacts of climate change, e-bikes are uniquely capable of making a larger impact on air quality today by helping to remove sources of emissions from a vehicle’s production all the way through its lifetime use and even to its eventual disposal/recycling. When someone rides an e-bike instead of taking a car, taxi, or bus, everyone’s lungs benefit.

Sure, the California program isn’t perfect. But if a media group owned by a wealthy hedgefund and catering to a well-to-do readership doesn’t like it, then that means it’s probably doing something helpful to people who actually need it. That’s the kind of world I want to live in, at least for as long as it’s still liveable.

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Hydrogen had a wild ride in 2024, but Honda has more to come in 2025

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Hydrogen had a wild ride in 2024, but Honda has more to come in 2025

On today’s high-powered episode of Quick Charge, we’ve got Honda fuel cell manager David Perzynski here to talk about Honda’s forty year history developing hydrogen powertrains, and the role Honda sees for HFCEVs in a battery dominated world.

In the course of the conversation we talk about several hydrogen articles posted in 2024, as well as some Honda projects related to CES. You’ll be able to read more about those, below. Enjoy!

Prefer listening to your podcasts? Audio-only versions of Quick Charge are now available on Apple PodcastsSpotifyTuneIn, and our RSS feed for Overcast and other podcast players.

New episodes of Quick Charge are recorded, usually, Monday through Thursday (and sometimes Sunday). We’ll be posting bonus audio content from time to time as well, so be sure to follow and subscribe so you don’t miss a minute of Electrek’s high-voltage daily news!

Got news? Let us know!
Drop us a line at tips@electrek.co. You can also rate us on Apple Podcasts and Spotify, or recommend us in Overcast to help more people discover the show.

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Check out this awesome looking new four-wheeled electric bike

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Check out this awesome looking new four-wheeled electric bike

Sixthreezero’s wide range of electric bike models includes some fairly out-there models, but the company’s new four-wheeled electric bike really charts a new direction in the industry. Take a look at the new ANYterrain Stabilized 4-wheel Electric Bike.

It’s a mouthful of a name, but the ANYterrain Stabilized 4-wheel Electric Bike hauls more than just a bunch of extra words. The bike is rated to carry up to 350 lb (159 kg), and the 750W motor ensures it has the power to do so. With speeds of up to 20 mph (32 km/h), the quad bike is just as fast as most Class 1 and 2 e-bikes.

But the real game changer here is the design, offering four-wheeled stability that riders can’t get from a conventional three-wheeled trike.

Not only do four wheels provide better stability with a wider footprint, but the steering on the bike uses leaning geometry to take turns more naturally, helping riders feel even more stable.

With 20″ wheels in the rear and 16″ wheels in the front, the quad bike keeps a fairly low center of gravity. All four wheels use 4″ fat tires for better offroad riding and more comfortable shock absorption compared to narrow tires, and the rear wheels even feature a differential to better apply the motor’s power to the ground.

A twist throttle makes it easy to roll on that power, and a D/R switch on the bars lets riders put it in reverse for cases where they need a little help wiggling around in tight spaces. Pedaling backward from a stop can also engage the reverse. At 120 lbs (54 kg), this isn’t the type of bike you can just pick up and move around the garage without a little help so that reverse feature will likely come in handy.

A 48V and 20Ah battery offers 960Wh of capacity, which the company says translates into a range of up to 50 miles (80 km).

The battery is housed under a cargo basket in the rear, though a bench seat can be swapped for the basket, allowing riders to carry a passenger with them.

Electrek’s Take

This certainly won’t be a mass market type of e-bike, but I can see a real use case for neighborhood riding and local errands, especially for folks who don’t feel stable on a bicycle or even a trike.

Despite trikes offering great stability when going straight, some people can feel uncomfortable making turns on a trike, especially at higher speeds, because they can sometimes feel tippy under certain scenarios. This quad bike can still tip if you take a turn sharp enough, but the wider stance combined with the leaning steering means riders will even more stable than on a trike.

And since this will likely be used more by older riders, the reverse is an important feature for letting folks park the bike easily without dismounting and dragging it around.

There could be some legal hurdles in some areas that define “bicycles” as having either two or three wheels, but I’m guessing most cops aren’t jumping at the opportunity to ticket grandma for riding her quad bike on the local rails to trails network.

I love seeing more options like this, and I commend Sixthreezero for providing such interesting options to add to the market.

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