When 19-year-old Shawn Seesahai was beaten and hacked to death in a savage machete attack in a Wolverhampton park, detectives were shocked to discover his killers were just 12 years old.
Days earlier, in another part of the country, Alfie Lewis, 15, was stabbed to death by a 14-year-old boy outside a primary school in Leeds.
Later the same month, a girl and boy went on trial in Manchester for what was described as the “sadistic” knife murder of 16-year-old Brianna Ghey when they were both aged 15.
Murders carried out by children have always horrified us as a society – but are they getting more common or are killers getting younger?
A Sky News analysis of the available Office for National Statistics data on the number of suspects aged under 16 who have been convicted of homicide – murder, manslaughter and infanticide – shows a relatively flat trendline from 2006/7 to 2022/3.
The percentage of homicide convictions going to under-16s compared with other ages doubled over 10 years, however, from about 1 in 50 in 2012/13 to 1 in 25 in 2022/23.
The 2022/23 figure is the highest since at least 2008/09, but as the percentage of under-16s is low overall the averages can be heavily skewed by relatively few convictions.
Image: Percentage of under-16s convicted of homicide
‘Much more serious and extreme’
Dr Simon Harding, a criminology expert, thinks there’s been “an increase in serious violence in young people” and that there is a greater “acceptance of extreme levels of violence between” children.
“Even something that might have been settled with fisticuffs or anti-social behaviour can suddenly dramatically turn into something much more serious and extreme,” he says.
“What 10 years ago might have been a punch in the face, five years ago might have been a stab to the arm or leg is now a stab to the neck or heart, which can lead to death.”
Bardia Shojaeifard was found guilty of murder after a jury heard how he attacked Alfie on his way home on 7 November last year “in revenge” for an altercation a week earlier.
Image: Shojaeifard posed with knives. Pic: West Yorkshire Police
He had posed for pictures with knives and took a 13cm-long kitchen knife he used to kill Alfie from his home with him to school in the Horsforth area of Leeds.
Sentencing him to life detention with a minimum term of 13 years in June, a judge described Shojaeifard as “outwardly normal” but with a “worrying interest in knives”.
Shawn, who had been walking through Stowlawn playing fields in Wolverhampton with a friend on 13 November last year, was struck on his back, legs and skull, while the fatal wound was more than 20cm deep and punctured his heart.
Image: One of Shawn’s killers poses with a machete
The boys responsible, the UK’s youngest knife murderers – who were detained for at least eight-and-a-half years – are believed to be the youngest children to be found guilty of murder since Robert Thompson and Jon Venables.
Thompson and Venables were aged just 10 when they abducted, tortured and murdered two-year-old James Bulger in 1993 and 11 when they were found guilty of murder.
Image: James Bulger seen on CCTV being led away before his murder
A quarter of a century earlier, 11-year-old Mary Bell was sentenced to life detention in 1968 after being found guilty of manslaughter for fatally strangling two boys, aged four and three.
She was also aged just 10 at the time she killed her first victim.
Image: Bell was 10 when she strangled her first victim. Pic: PA
But Sharon Carr is believed to be the youngest girl in the country to have committed murder.
Carr was 12 when she fatally stabbed and mutilated stranger Katie Rackliff, 18, after she left a nightclub in Camberley, Surrey, in 1992, but she wasn’t convicted for another five years.
In another crime that shocked the nation, Ricky Preddie was 13 and his brother Danny was 12 when they killed 10-year-old schoolboy Damilola Taylor in 2000, although they weren’t jailed for his manslaughter until 2006.
Image: Damilola Taylor. Pic: PA
Is there now a greater ‘willingness to inflict pain’?
So there have always been cases of children who commit murder and other shocking crimes, but Dr Harding says: “We just tend to forget.”
However, from his experience preparing expert reports on court cases involving gang crime, exploitation and modern slavery, he says he has noticed a greater “willingness to inflict pain and suffering”.
Earlier this year, Scarlett Jenkinson and Eddie Ratcliffe were jailed for life with minimum terms of 22 years and 20 years respectively after they were found guilty of murdering Brianna when they were both aged just 15.
Image: Brianna Ghey’s killers – Scarlett Jenkinson and Eddie Ratcliffe
Jenkinson lured the vulnerable teenager, who was transgender, to Linear Park in the village of Culcheth, near Warrington, where she was stabbed 28 times in the head, neck, chest and back with a hunting knife on 11 February last year.
The pair had a fascination with violence and torture, prepared a “kill list” and meticulously planned Brianna’s “frenzied and ferocious” murder for weeks, their trial heard.
Jurors were told it was “difficult to fathom” how they could share such “dark thoughts” and carry out such a “disturbing” crime.
Beyond the high-profile cases that attract significant media attention, much of the country’s gang violence, including children killing other children, is largely hidden from the public, says Dr Harding.
He’s seeing “quite extreme things that wouldn’t happen a few years ago”, such as disabled people subjected to levels of cruelty bordering on torture, and young women raped and waterboarded by the people forcing them to sell drugs.
A different Dr Harding, forensic psychiatrist Dr Duncan Harding, works with adults and children who commit serious crimes. He says we really don’t know if killers are getting younger or youth violent crime is increasing because the evidence just isn’t there.
But the reporting of crime and the expansion of social media use means cases which may not have passed the threshold for widespread coverage in the past gain more traction, adding to a perception that it is.
Image: Number of under-16s convicted of homicide
Image: Percentage of under-16s convicted of homicide
‘Dehumanisation is spreading’
Even if youth violence isn’t on the rise, the “horrifying” crimes we see reported aren’t acceptable and we have to, as a society, try to understand what’s going on and try to improve things, Dr Duncan Harding adds.
The psychiatrist, who has provided expert evidence in court cases involving homicide, serious violence and terrorism, and has recently released his memoir The Criminal Mind, says the “dehumanisation” seen in gang violence seems to be spreading beyond gangs.
Our divided society is suffering an existential crisis since the COVID-19 pandemic, which is exacerbated by social media, he says, and he also highlights cuts to services for young people due to austerity as a potential factor.
But “stripping away youth clubs isn’t going to in itself lead to someone who’s going to stab or kill someone”, he says, and children don’t always commit violent crimes because of mental illness or difficulties in their lives.
“Obviously, they’re not normal, well-adjusted people, but in my experience, it’s not as straightforward as that either,” he says. “I don’t think that all offenders are victims.”
Image: Shawn Seesahai was killed in a machete attack. Pic: West Midlands Police
‘You have to have proper sentencing for knife crime’
The potential solutions are just as complicated – the psychiatrist suggests a public health approach that recognises the “epidemic” of knife crime among vulnerable young children, with schools, health workers and police working together to spot the early warning signs.
But he also supports the wider use of stop-and-search and the government ban on so-called zombie-style knives to try to keep weapons out of children’s hands, and says there need to be consequences at the point where youngsters are carrying knives.
Shawn’s parents urge children to “think about what they’re doing” and not to carry a weapon, but want to see tougher sentences for youngsters like the boys who killed their son.
“You have to have a proper sentencing for knife crime,” says his father Suresh Seesahai.
“Murder is murder. Murder is no coming back. If you murder someone they can’t come back… Life sentence is the best for you.”
The families of the two victims of the Manchester synagogue attack have paid tribute to them as “heroic, beloved and cherished”.
Adrian Daulby, 53, and Melvin Cravitz, 66, were killed in the attack at Heaton Park synagogue in Crumpsall on Thursday.
Mr Daulby, a member of the congregation, was shot accidentally when police opened fire on attacker Jihad al Shamie.
The synagogue’s rabbi told Sky News it happened as Mr Daulby “was holding the doors to make sure everyone inside stayed safe”.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
2:33
Hero held doors closed to keep everyone safe, rabbi says
His family said he was a “hero” and a “lovely down-to-earth man” whose “final act was one of profound courage and he will forever be remembered for his heroic act”.
The family of Mr Cravitz – a security guard at the synagogue who was attending the service – said he would “do anything to help anyone”.
“He was so kind, caring and always wanted to chat and get to know people,” they said.
“He was devoted to his wife, family and loved his food. He will be sorely missed by his wife, family, friends and community.”
Image: Adrian Daulby. Pic: Family handout
The tributes came as police said three more people – a man and two women – had been arrested on suspicion of terror offences, bringing the total to six.
They also revealed the attacker had been on bail over a suspected rape, but wasn’t on the radar of counter-terror police.
The Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) is investigating the shooting – standard practice when a member of the public is killed.
The investigation would include “whether police may have caused or contributed to the death” of Mr Daulby.
Sir Stephen Watson, the head of Greater Manchester police, confirmed Mr Daulby’s injury appeared to be “a tragic and unforeseen consequence of the urgently required action taken by my officers”.
‘Gentle giant’
Other relatives of Mr Cravitz told Sky News he was a “gentle giant” who “would never harm a fly”.
His cousin, Phil Bentley, said his death was even more tragic as he would never normally be at the synagogue that early.
Image: Melvin Cravitz. Pic: GMP
Hindi Cohen, a friend and neighbour, said he was a “lovely man” with a good sense of humour, adding: “Our kids loved him. He called himself uncle Melvin to my kids.”
One of Mr Daulby’s neighbours was also emphatic in his praise for a man he lived next door to for 20 years.
Abdul Rahimi called him “one of the best guys I’ve ever seen in my life” and a “very, very good man”, who often bought books and toys for children on their street.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
2:16
Synagogue attack victim was a ‘fantastic guy’
Another neighbour, Waqas Hussain, said the pair bonded over a shared love of nature, animals and birds.
He said Mr Daulby was a cancer survivor, who lived alone and started going to the synagogue more after his father died a few years ago.
“Just one of them people… so innocent, so approachable and so pure,” he told Sky News.
He said his friend hadn’t been fasting for health reasons and was debating whether or not to go the synagogue on Thursday.
Increased police patrols are being put in place near synagogues across the country following the atrocity.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
A vigil for the victims was also held in Manchester on Friday – but Deputy Prime Minister David Lammy walked out to shouts of “shame on you” and boos from a few in the crowd.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
8:09
Deputy PM heckled at vigil
“Go to Palestine but leave us alone,” one person shouted.
Another protester shouted “my children’s school was closed today – you allowed this to happen.”
Thirty-five-year-old Jihad al Shamie was named as the attacker on Thursday and is believed to be of Syrian descent.
He is understood to have been granted British citizenship when he was around 16, having entered the UK as a young child.
Police shot him dead seven minutes after the first emergency call as they feared he was wearing an explosive device – later identified as a fake.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
2:19
Timeline: How terror attack unfolded
Three men also remain in hospital after the attack, with two of them named as Yoni Finlay and Andrew Franks.
One suffered a stab wound, a second was hurt after being hit by a car that al Shamie is said to have driven towards the synagogue, and the third suffered a gunshot wound.
One of the injured victims was working for the Community Security Trust (CST), a charity which provides security to the Jewish community.
Its chief executive, Mark Gardner, said: “One of our CST personnel was seriously injured in yesterday’s terror attack at Heaton Park Synagogue.
“We pray for his continuing recovery and salute the courage of all those who helped stop the terrorist from getting into the shul.”
The Manchester synagogue attacker was a British citizen of Syrian descent who came to the UK as a small child and had not previously been on the radar of police or MI5.
Jihad al Shamie, 35, was shot dead by armed officers seven minutes after launching a car and knife attack while wearing what appeared to be a vest with an explosive device, which was later found to be fake.
Adrian Daulby, 53, and Melvin Cravitz, 66, were killed after he drove at people outside Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation Synagogue, in Crumpsall, before stabbing a man.
One of the victims killed in yesterday’s attack was shot mistakenly by officers during their attempts to bring the attacker under control, Greater Manchester Police believe.
Three others remain in hospital with serious injuries.
Three people – two men in their 30s and a woman in her 60s – have been arrested on suspicion of the preparation or commission of acts of terrorism.
More on Manchester Synagogue Attack
Related Topics:
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
0:43
Manchester attacker ‘did not stand out’
But Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood said it is “too early” to say if there was a terrorist cell behind the attack on Thursday morning, which took place on Yom Kippur, Judaism’s holiest day.
She said al Shamie, who is of Syrian descent, came to the UK as a “small child” and was naturalised as a British citizen in the mid-2000s.
The home secretary also said he was not known to the security services or police and had not been referred to the government’s Prevent anti-radicalisation scheme.
Asked about the attacker’s name on LBC, which presenter Nick Ferrari translated as “struggle of the Syrian”, she said: “I was very surprised to discover that name myself.
“Actually, as a Muslim, I’ve never heard someone being called Jihad, but it is the name that he was born with – that has always been his name.”
Image: Police presence at a property in Langley Crescent, Prestwich.
Pic: PA
Al Shamie is believed to have lived in a council house in a quiet cul-de-sac in Langley Crescent, Prestwich, around two miles from the scene.
Videos obtained by Sky News show armed police, with a dog and a chainsaw, raiding the address at around 3.30pm on Thursday.
In a post on Facebook, apparently from his family, his relatives said the attack “has been a profound shock to us”.
“The al Shamie family in the UK and abroad strongly condemns this heinous act, which targeted peaceful, innocent civilians,” they said.
“We fully distance ourselves from this attack and express our deep shock and sorrow over what has happened.
“Our hearts and thoughts are with the victims and their families, and we pray for their strength and comfort.”
Seen lifting weights
One of al Shamie’s neighbours said: “We used to see him out in the garden working out, doing weights, press-ups.
“He used to change his clothes. One day he would be wearing the full gown, to the floor and the next jeans and pyjama bottoms.”
Geoff Haliwell, 72, told Sky News the property used to be on his window cleaning round and he believed the al Shamie family, including his mother, father and brothers, had lived there for around 20 years.
“There’s no way I could’ve thought they were in any way involved in anything like this,” he said, describing the family as “nice people”.
He said he had also seen Jihad al Shamie use benches to work out and said he would sometimes wear western clothes and at other times “traditional” Syrian dress, but showed no signs of radicalisation.
“[He was a] smashing lad to talk to, just the same as everyone else. He didn’t stand out in any way,” he added.
Another neighbour, Kate McLeish, said she thought al Shamie was “an odd guy” and said he used to park his battered black Kia “quite badly on the road”.
The Syrian British Consortium, an organisation representing Syrians in the UK, said no one in its community networks has been able to identify him or confirm knowing him personally.
A couple who murdered their two-year-old grandson have been jailed for life.
Michael Ives, 47, and Kerry Ives, 46, were found guilty of his murder and cruelty to a child in July after a trial at Mold Crown Court.
They were jailed for minimum terms of 23 years and 17 years respectively.
Their grandson Ethan Ives-Griffiths was dangerously dehydrated, severely underweight and had 40 visible bruises or marks when he collapsed with a catastrophic head injury at his grandparents’ home in Flintshire, North Wales, on 14 August 2021.
Image: Kerry and Michael Ives were found guilty of Ethan’s murder. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Ethan’s mother, Shannon Ives, 28, who had been staying with her son at her parents’ home, was found guilty of causing or allowing his death and child cruelty.
Image: Ethan’s mother Shannon Ives. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
The court heard Ethan was made to stand with his hands on his head as a punishment when he misbehaved.
CCTV footage shown to jurors during the trial showed Michael Ives carrying his grandson by the top of his arm in a way described by prosecutor Caroline Rees KC “as though Ethan was just a bag of rubbish to be slung out”.
The video, taken from the back garden of the family’s four-bedroom home, showed Ethan appearing unsteady on a trampoline, or lying down, while other children bounced.
Image: Michael Ives carrying Ethan outside the family home in Garden City, Deeside, Flintshire. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Image: Michael Ives carrying Ethan in the back garden. Pic: North Wales Police
Michael Ives was seen to point a garden hose at him, placed the toddler’s hands on his head, and gestured to another child to punch him.
After watching the video in court, Michael Ives said he felt “ashamed” and admitted being cruel and neglectful but denied mistreating Ethan in other ways.
He said his daughter was “quick-tempered” and would slap Ethan a couple of times a day, but Shannon Ives claimed her parents were “horrible” and abused her as a child.
Image: Ethan Ives-Griffiths. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Michael and Kerry Ives, originally from Wolverhampton, were in the living room with Ethan at the time of his collapse while his mother was on the phone upstairs.
The pair told the jury “nothing” had happened to the toddler before he fainted as they watched television.
Kerry Ives said she immediately called her daughter to come downstairs, but the court heard it was 18 minutes before she called emergency services.
Ethan was taken to the Countess of Chester Hospital and later transferred to Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in Liverpool, where he died two days later.
Image: Michael Ives being interviewed by police officers. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Image: Kerry Ives being interviewed by police officers. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
He was found to have abdominal injuries likely to have been caused by blows in the days before his collapse, as well as bruises consistent with grip marks on his leg and face.
Experts said Ethan would have died of dehydration within days had he not suffered the head injury, and at the time of his death weighed just 10kg.
Ethan’s fatal head injury was said to have been caused by deliberate force or shaking, and occurred at the time, or in the minutes before, he collapsed.
Image: Ethan with his father Will Griffiths. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Following the verdicts, Ethan’s father Will Griffiths said: “He will be remembered for the smiley, outgoing, loving child that he was. He can now rest in peace, knowing that justice has been served.”
Child protection register
The court heard the youngster had been placed on the child protection register, requiring him to be seen every 10 days.
But when Shannon Ives last saw her social worker, on 5 August 2021, she spoke to him on the doorstep and told him Ethan was having a nap.
No one answered the door when social worker Michael Cornish went to visit in the days before Ethan’s death and a scheduled appointment with a health visitor on 13 August was cancelled.